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Bulletin No. 159 - Soil Moisture Studies Under Irrigation, F. S. Harris, A. F. Brakcen

UAES Bulletins

Under normal precipitation the variety of crops which can be successfully grown in the West is limited. Of necessity, irrigation was practised and with it came many complex problems. The water requirements of different crops, the water-holding capacity of soils, the movement of soil moisture, and numerous other related problems have given themselves up for investigational work.

Bulletin No. 157 - The Irrigation Of Potatoes, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

Very few field crops yield as large returns to the acre as do potatoes during favorable years, and but few crops are as greatly affected in quality and yield by soil and seasonal conditions. The potato is particularly sensitive to soil moisture. For this reason yields under irrigation, where the moisture can be controlled, are usually much higher than where the moisture supply is irregular.

Bulletin No. 155 - The Beet Leafhopper And The Curly-Leaf Disease That It Transmits, E. D. Ball

UAES Bulletins

The beet leafhopper (Eutettix tenella Baker), is the most serious pest of the western sugar beet. It has through the disease it tranmits caused periodic losses to the western sugarbeet industry, amounting in the aggregate to many millions of dollars. Curly-leaf, the disease which this insect transmits, has in some of its worst outbreaks caused the abandonment of thousands of acres of beets in certain districts and a serious reduction in tonnage of the remainder, so that the total loss in a single area has several times passed the million-dollar mark. Besides these striking and widespread outbreaks which fortunately have …

Bulletin No. 156 - The Irrigation Of Sugar Beets, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

The sugar beet crop during the last few years has come to be one of the most important sources of income for farmers in many sections of the country. The fact that the sale for the crop is certain at a price that is known in advance, in addition to the high type of farming that usually accompanies sugar beet raising, makes it probable that the sugar beet area will be considerably extended during the next few years.

Bulletin No. 150 - Further Studies Of The Nitric Nitrogen Content Of The Country Rock, Robert Stewart, William Peterson

UAES Bulletins

The progress of the work upon the general problem of the origin of the nitre spots in certain western soils has presented several different points of view. The fact that certain spots in western cultivated soils were rich in nitrates was first observed by Hilgard who attributed their accumulation to the more rapid nitrification of the organic matter of the soil in the warm arid climate of the west when the moisture limit was removed by irrigation.

Circular No. 25 - Preserving Eggs For The Home, Byron Alder

UAES Circulars

The preserving of eggs in the home from the spring when they are so plentiful until fall and winter when they are so scarce, is by no means a new practice. Only a very few, however, are taking advantage of this practice and the full benefits are by no means being derived. During the past winter the high cost of eggs has brought this fact out very forcibly in some of the rural districts as well as in the larger cities where the price for a considerable time was from 50 to 60 cents a dozen and only a limited …

Bulletin No. 153 - Selecting Dairy Bulls By Performance, W. E. Carroll

UAES Bulletins

Success in any system of breeding requires that each generation approach more nearly the object in view than has all preceding generations. Such progress is possible only when proper judgment is exercised and the best methods employed. In cattle breeding, for economic reasons, the bull is usually expected to contribute more to this general improvement than is the cow. To make this possible, the bull must therefore have been subjected to more rigid selection than the cow in order to eliminate more of his undesirable characters. If he contains few undesirable characters, from the breeding standpoint, he must of necessity …

Bulletin No. 154 - Irrigation And Manuring Studies Ii: The Effect Of Varying Quantities Of Irrigation Water And Manure On The Growth And Yield Of Corn, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

The present bulletin describes the results of an experiment on the irrigation and manuring of corn for the six years from 1911 to 1916, inclusive. The first three years' results of this experiment have already been published as Bulletin No. 133 of this Station. Besides the material discussed in that publication the present bulletin contains data on the composition of corn here presented for the first time.

Circular No. 24 - Licensed Stallions In Utah During The Season Of 1916, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

The State Board of Horse Commissioners, during the season of 1916, was able to cover the State more thoroughly than has ever been possible before. Because of this greater activity and more complete canvass the number of licensed stallions and jacks in this report is greater than before. During the season of 1916 there were in force 420 licenses a against 289 for 1915.

Bulletin No. 152 - The Effects Of Soil Moisture Content On Certain Factors In Wheat Production, F. S. Harris, Howard J. Maughan

UAES Bulletins

A knowledge of the intimate relations between the crop and the moisture of the soil is important to every farmer, and particularly to those in the arid parts of the world. While wheat is not an intensive crop and probably will not give as great returns to the acre for extra care as some other crops, it is well worth while to know how this crop responds to various treatments. The effect of high and low soil moisture during various stages in the growth of the crop is of particular interest. The work of other experimenters on this subject has …

Bulletin No. 151 - The Freezing Of Fruit Buds, F. L. West, N. E. Edlefsen

UAES Bulletins

There are many orchards in this country, so located that every few years a frost almost completely destroys the crop, either by killing the buds in the spring of the year, or by freezing the fruit in the fall, just before it is picked. Utah is no exception. A report made by the county agricultural agents of the state, shows that in the spring of 1916, 85 percent of the apples, 90 percent of the peaches, and 65 percent of the mall fruit were killed by frost with a corresponding amount of damage to field crops.

Bulletin No. 149 - Breeding For Egg Production, Part Ii: Seasonal Distribution Of Egg Production With Especial Reference To "Winter" Egg Production, E. D. Ball, Byron Alder

UAES Bulletins

In this bulletin will be found a discussion of the seasonal distribution of egg production during first, second, and third, and later years of egg-laying of the same flocks of hens and a comparison of the distribution of production of high-laying and low-laying flocks in the same season, and different seasons as well as high-laying and low-laying individuals of the same flocks. These studies are based on six flocks of White Leghorn hens ranging from nine years to three years old and all descendants of a common flock. The methods of handling, feeding, and other details are discussed in previous …

Bulletin No. 148 - Breeding For Egg Production: Part 1, A Study Of Annual And Total Production, E. D. Ball, Byron Alder, A. D. Egbert

UAES Bulletins

The average annual egg production of different breeds of fowls, the production that may be expected under different environmental conditions, the average length of life, the total probable production of an individual and the distribution of this production through the life cycle, are all subjects of vital importance to every poultryman. They are also subjects upon which there must be reliable information before accurate breeding work can be carried on. A search through the literature shows that information on all these subjects is extremely meagre.

Circular No. 23 - The Seed Situation In Utah, George Stewart

UAES Circulars

Due to the use of poor seed, the farmers of Utah lose yearly many thousands of dollars. Often single farms suffer to the extent of several hundred dollars. The most regretable and yet the most hopeful thing about the seed situation is that these losses are largely preventable.

Abundant area of unoccupied public lands have hitherto been within the reach of practically any wide-awake tiller of the soil. The farmer was more nearly sure of larger hay tacks and more bushels of grain or potatoes if he doubled the size of his fields than if he attempted more thorough cultivation. …

Circular No. 22 - Some Sources Of Potassium, C. T. Hirst, E. G. Carter

UAES Circulars

The essential elements of plant food are ten in number. Of these carbon and oxygen are obtained by the plant from the air, and hydrogen from the water. Sulphur, calcium, iron and magnesium are required by plants in small quantities and are not likely to be deficient in soils. The three remaining ones--nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium--are likely to be present in soils in smaller quantities and are used by plants in larger amounts than any of the other elements taken from the soil. In addition to these ten elements already named, five other elements, viz., silicon, aluminum, sodium, chlorine, and …

Bulletin No. 146 - The Irrigation Of Wheat, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

The economical use of irrigation water is one of the chief problem of agriculture in arid region. Much more land is available than can be irrigated by the supply of water even then methods of greatest economy are employed. The total crop of arid regions is therefore limited not by land but by water and the welfare of the regions demand that the irrigation water be used as efficiently as possible.

Bulletin No. 145 - Soil Alkali Studies: Quantities Of Alkali Salts Which Prohibit The Growth Of Crops In Certain Utah Soils, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

One of the most important questions connected with the alkali problem in arid soils is the determination of the limits of toxicity of the various alkali salts. The author has already presented considerable data on this subject; but most of these results were obtained under laboratory conditions and with the use of pure salts. The combinations of salts used were not necessarily the combinations found in actual field conditions. It seemed desirable, therefore, to extend these studies to the field in order to determine the exact concentration of the various alkalis that prohibits growth in crops. A study of this …

Bulletin No. 147 - The Alkali Content Of Irrigation Water, Robert Stewart, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

In certain irrigated districts the alkali problem is a menace. Any controllable factor which tends to increase the alkali content of the soil should be carefully considered in a successful system of soil management. In this connection the quality of the irrigation water is of great importance; the saline content of water has a marked influence upon the method and quantity to be used for irrigation. The factors which will contribute to an increase or decrease of the alkali content of the water must be clearly understood. The amount of the several kinds of alkali salts added to the soil …

Bulletin No. 144 - Water Table Variations: Causes And Effects, A. B. Ballantyne

UAES Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Circular No. 20 - Capsule Method Of Breeding Mares, W. E. Carroll, J. Frederick

UAES Circulars

Some inquiry has been received by the State Board of Horse Commissioners relative to the capsule method of breeding mare. With the thought that a brief statement of the instruments used and the methods employed in the so-called capsule method of breeding might be useful to stallion men in general, this little circular has been prepared.

Bulletin No. 143 - Fruit Tree Root Systems: Spread And Depth, A. B. Ballantyne

UAES Bulletins

As mentioned in Utah Station Bulletin No. 124, seepage conditions on the Southern Utah Experiment Farm were responsible for the removal of about 5 acres of vineyard in 1908, and 7 acres of mixed peach orchard in 1910, all of which were on the lower or western half of the farm.

These orchards and vineyards had always received good care, clean culture being practiced in fact as well as name. The results for a number of years were all that could be desired, when the trees and vines began to die questions arose as to the cause: since in spite …

Circular No. 19 - Licensed Stallions In Utah During The Season Of 1915, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

In presenting this report of the State Board of Horse Commissioners, it is thought best to include very little which does not bear directly upon the number and distribution of licensed stallions and jacks. Other material treating different phases of the horse industry appears in other circulars from the Board.

Circular No. 18 - Better Horses For Utah, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

The two chief factors which determine the profits realized from the horse breeding business are the cost of production and the quality of the product put on the market. As land values increase, taxes automatically become higher, and this together with the increasing cost of labor, makes the feed and care given the horse more expensive. These factors are so completely independent of the horse breeder that he has little control over the cost of production. This statement is not intended to convey the idea that no account should be taken of costs, or that costs do not vary. Quite …

Bulletin No. 142 - Irrigation Of Peaches, L. D. Batchelor

UAES Bulletins

The writer took up the study of the irrigation of peaches in the spring of 1913 after being connected in a co-operative way with a similar problem during the years 1911 and 1912. The results which follow are primarily from notes taken during 1913 and 1914. Free access has been made, however, to notes taken on the similar problem noted above, when the author was associated with Prof. Walter McLaughlin in connection with a co-operative irrigation problem. Some of the results of 1913 were materially influenced by the treatment of the orchard in 1912.

Circular No. 21 - Dry-Farming In Utah, F. S. Harris, A. D. Ellison

UAES Circulars

It was only a few years after the settlement of Utah in 1847 that occasional attempts were made to raise crops without the use of irrigation water, but these first attempts usually resulted in failure. Not until in the sixties could any degree of success be claimed. About this time, farmers in the valley of the Great Salt Lake and in Cache Valley began raising crops regularly on land located above the canal. From then to the present time a measure of success has been enjoyed by the better dry-farmer in some sections, and hardly a year of complete failure …

Bulletin No. 141 - Variation In Minimum Temperatures Due To The Topography Of A Mountain Valley In Its Relation To Fruit Growing, L. D. Batchelor, F. L. West

UAES Bulletins

The most destructive weather enemy in all fruit growing sections is the late spring frost which frequently occurs after warm weather has caused the fruit blossoms to become fully developed. The variation in severity of such frosts in mountain valleys is a phenomenon well known to the practical orchardist. The actual extent of this variation and the contributing causes have claimed only a very little attention from scientific workers in the mountainous regions. The present publcation is a preliminary report of investigations which were planned to measure the extent of such temperature variations, and acertain if possible some of the …

Bulletin No. 140 - The Summer Pruning Of A Young Bearing Apple Orchard, L. D. Batchelor, W. E. Goodspeed

UAES Bulletins

The majority of horticultural writers seem to favor the summer pruning of apple trees. The practice, and the arguments made in its favor vary widely and in some instances seem almost contradictory. On the other hand some experimenters and practical workers have obtained negative results by summer pruning from the view-point of crop production and tree growth. Dickens(1) caused unproductive ten year old apple trees in Kansas to bear satisfactorily during the fourth year of summer pruning. The Gardners' Chronicle(2) compiled the opinions of more than one hundrend eighty-five fruit growers who practiced summer pruning, and about 82% of these …

Bulletin No. 137 - The Quality Of Home Grown Vs. Imported Wheat, Robert Stewart, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

In 1907 a number of new varieties of wheat were introduced into Utah and have since been grown on the Nephi Experimental Dry Farm, under strictly dry farm conditions. In view of the well-known influence of environment upon the quality of the wheat it is of importance to study the effect of climatic conditions in Utah upon this introduced seed. Wiley (1) says: "The quality and properties of wheat depend more upon the environment in which it is grown than upon the species to which it belongs. There is perhaps no other field crop in which environment, namely, conditions of …

Bulletin No. 136 - The Commercial Production Of Sugar Beet Seed In Utah, Frank S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

History of the beet sugar industry: The production of sugar from beets is a new industry when compared with the length of time that most kinds of crops have been used by man. It was only about 150 years ago that sugar was extracted from beets even in the laboratory, and at that time the percentage of sugar was so low that the expense of extracting was more than the sugar was worth. Just a little more than 100 years ago the first beet sugar factories were built, but it was nearly fifty years after this time before the industry …

Bulletin No. 133 - Irrigation And Manuring Studies: The Effect Of Varying Quantities Of Irrigation Water And Manure On The Growth And Yield Of Corn, Frank S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

Indian corn is one of the most important crops raised by American farmers. Anything that affects the corn crop of the American farmers. Anything that affects the corn crop of the United States has an influence on the prosperity of the entire country. From an economic point of view therefore, it is important to know as much about the production of this crop as possible. The corn plant also offers an excellent field for scientific investigation independent of any economic bearing.