Digital Commons Network^™

Attitudes And Beliefs Regarding Pregnancy Physical Activity In A Non-Pregnant Population, Mallory R. Marshall, John K. Petrella

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 636-645, 2019. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and beliefs about pregnancy physical activity (PA) in non-pregnant individuals. We hypothesized that younger, more educated, females, those who had ever been pregnant (or partner had been pregnant, for males) and physically active individuals would view pregnancy PA more positively than older individuals, those with less education, males, those who had not ever been pregnant (partner had not been pregnant, for males), and those who are inactive, respectively. Participants were non-pregnant adults ages 20+ years who were recruited by word-of-mouth, social media, …

Dorsiflexion Range Of Motion In Copers And Those With Chronic Ankle Instability, Madison M. Vomacka, Melena R. Calhoun, Monica R. Lininger, Jupil Ko

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 614-622, 2019. The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) is used to classify individuals as ankle sprain copers, or as one suffering from chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, literature examining factors contributing to these classifications on the CAIT is lacking, as the CAIT itself does not offer explanations for specific anthropometric measures that influence a patient’s classification. Therefore, the purpose was to determine if there was a difference between dorsiflexion active range of motion (AROM) between copers, those with CAI, and a healthy control group. Twenty-two individuals with recent ankle sprains were recruited by a …

Effects Of Evidence-Based Materials And Access To Local Resources On Physical Activity During Pregnancy, Kolbi Edens

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy has been shown to be safe and effective for improving maternal and infant health; however, only 23% of pregnant women exercise in accordance with guidelines. PURPOSE: To determine if the distribution of evidence-based educational resources as well as access to community resources will increase PA levels as well as knowledge/beliefs about PA during pregnancy. METHODS: Participants (8-12 weeks) completed assessments concerning their activity levels, as well as knowledge/beliefs regarding PA, during pregnancy. Next, participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). The IG received educational information regarding PA during pregnancy, …

Similar Effects Of 24 Weeks Of Resistance Training Performed With Different Frequencies On Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, And Muscle Quality In Older Women, Fábio Luiz Cheche Pina, João Pedro Nunes, Matheus Amarante Nascimento, Alex Silva Ribeiro, Jerry L. Mayhew, Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 623-635, 2019. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of 24 weeks of resistance training (RT) performed 2 vs. 3 times per week on muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle quality in older women. Thirty-nine older women (≥ 60 years old) were randomly assigned to two groups according to RT frequency (G2x = two sessions per week, n=19; and G3x = three sessions per week, n=20) and were submitted to 24 weeks of whole-body RT, divided into two stages of 12 weeks. In the first stage, participants performed 1 set of …

Effect Of Fed State On Self-Selected Intensity And Affective Responses To Exercise Following Public Health Recommendations, Ryan Rhodewalt, Katelyn Largent, Blaque Saur, Todd Astorino Ph.D, Zachary Zenko, Matt Schubert

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 602-613, 2019. Nutritional status has numerous effects on exercise metabolism and psychological responses. The effect of fed state on changes in affective valence; however, are unknown. Thus, the present study examined how fed state influenced self-selected exercise intensity, affective responses during exercise, and exercise enjoyment when exercise was completed following physical activity guidelines for public health. In a repeated-measures crossover design, 25 recreationally active men and women (age and BMI = 22.0 ± 2.0 yr and 24.3 ± 3.3 kg/m²) performed a single 30 min session of treadmill exercise at a Rating …

Educational Brochures Influence Beliefs And Knowledge Regarding Exercise During Pregnancy: A Pilot Study, Madison L. Alvis, Cody E. Morris, Tiana L. Garrard, Abigail G. Hughes, Laura Hunt, Megan M. Koester, India C. Yocum, Rachel A. Tinius

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 581-589, 2019. Women who are pregnant report receiving little or no advice about physical activity during pregnancy from their obstetric provider. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an evidence-based educational brochure on both immediate and two-week retention of knowledge about exercise during pregnancy. Thirty-two women of childbearing age (age: 25.0 ± 4.0 years, body mass index: 29.5 ± 6.5 kg/m², 93.7% Caucasian, 83.4% had at least some college) completed a survey before exposure to an evidence-based educational brochure regarding exercise during pregnancy. Post surveys were taken immediately …

Effects Of Low-Volume Resistance Training On Muscle Strength And Functionality Of People With Parkinson’S Disease, Matheus Barbalho, Elren Passos Monteiro, Rochelle Rocha Costa, Rodolfo Raiol

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 567-580, 2019. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects the elderly and results in a decrease of functional capacity, motor control, and muscle strength. Resistance training (RT) has been shown to be a non-drug alternative in both elderly and parkinsonian patients in increasing functional capacity and muscle strength. The present study aimed to verify the effects of low-volume RT in people with PD in relation to muscular strength, body composition, anthropometry and functional capacity. Fifteen elderly patients with idiopathic PD were divided into two groups: 7 …

No Effect Of L-Arginine On Vascular Stiffness At Rest And During Reactive Hyperemia In Young Healthy Subjects, Andrew Wells, George Swanson, Thomas Fahey, Michael Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 556-566, 2019. The efficacy of L-arginine in augmenting blood flow via nitric oxide (NO) production is controversial, with several studies in the literature providing equivocal findings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of L-arginine supplementation on vascular stiffness at rest and during induced reactive hyperemia. Young healthy males (n = 15) were studied on two separate study days. On day one, a resting pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured from the carotid and radial sites at rest and immediately following an induced reactive hyperemia (RH). On day two, subjects …

The Effect Of Cold-Water Immersion On Running Mechanics, Lucas M. Dibenedetto, Kristyne Wiegand, Julia Freedman Silvernail

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 547-555, 2019. Cryotherapy is a common treatment used by athletes for rehabilitating acute injuries of a joint or muscle in order to accelerate recovery time and promptly return to play. Therefore, the potential effects of cryotherapy on performance and injury risk should be considered. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of cold-water immersion on running mechanics. Fifteen healthy male and female participants (24.6 ± 5.74 years, 166.37 ± 7.67 cm, 71.72 ± 17.7 kg, 27.47 ± 7.55% body fat) were recruited for the study. Participants completed 10 running trials …

Effects Of Personal Body Armor On Functional Movement Capability In Healthy Adults, Colin D. Tomes, Matthew David Lewis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 536-546, 2019. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool used to assess fundamental movement patterns and has been utilized to determine movement readiness of tactical athletes. However, tactical athletes rarely perform tasks without load carriage, and limited research evaluating loaded tactical personnel via the FMS has been conducted. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to determine if ballistic vest wear results in movement deficits as evaluated by the FMS. A convenience sample of college students (n = 31) completed test sessions in loaded and unloaded conditions. Subjects completed each FMS …

Effects Of Caffeine On Perceptually-Based Intensity Production During Outdoor Running, Kailee Neal, Matt Green, Eric O'Neal, Joyce Mcintosh, Alyssum Reno

International Journal of Exercise Science

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 526-535, 2019. Caffeine (CAF) may enhance performance while altering estimated RPE. However, effects of caffeine on RPE production is not well understood. This study examined effects of CAF on velocity (VEL) selection during outdoor running when intensity was prescribed using RPE. Ten (n = 10) fit male runners completed a VO₂ max and two running trials, CAF (6 mg· kg^-1) vs. placebo (PLA). Participants ran a 2.4 km (1.5 m) bout, at prescribed RPE4, and another at prescribed RPE7, following 10 min passive recovery. Separate 2 (trial) x 6 …

Triple Hop For Distance As A Predictor Of Lower Extremity Performance In Firefighter Equipment, Sean M. Rogers, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Lindsey E. Eberman, Kenneth E. Games

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 515-525, 2019. The objective of this study was to examine the predictive value of the Triple Hop for Distance (THD) physical performance test to assess lower extremity (LE) strength and power in individuals donning firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE). Thirty-one healthy participants completed the THD in firefighter PPE on both the dominant and non-dominant limb. Dependent variables included LE power (vertical jump height [cm]) on a jump mat, and LE strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings (peak torque [Nm]) on an isokinetic dynamometer. THD was a strong predictor of LE power on the dominant …

Exercise Is Medicine®: Knowledge And Awareness Among Exercise Science And Medical School Students, Rachel Mealy, Laura Richardson, Brian Miller, Melissa Smith, Judith A. Juvancic-Heltzel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 505-514, 2019. The purpose of this exploratory study was twofold: to determine whether exercise science and medical students are aware of the Exercise is Medicine^® (EIM^®) program and to construct a tool that would permit assessment of EIM^® variables with students enrolled in both programs. The study consisted of a quantitative, cross-sectional design, using a self-report electronic questionnaire. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis extraction method with Varimax factor rotation was employed to validate the survey instrument based on the expected constructs, which posited five (5) contending …

Effect Of An 8-Week Plyometric Training Program With Raised Forefoot Platforms On Agility And Vertical Jump Performance, Matthieu Pj Voisin, Mikaël Scohier

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 491-504, 2019. Some athletes use solid rubber platforms strapped onto the forefoot during plyometric exercises in order to increase their explosive performance including vertical jump height and agility. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a plyometric training program realized with these ‘raised forefoot platforms,’ designed to keep the heels off the ground, to the same program conducted with regular shoes. Forty-nine subjects performed 2 sessions of plyometric training for eight weeks, either with raised forefoot platforms (n=20) or regular shoes (n=29). Countermovement jump (CMJ) height and agility test time …

Monitoring Changes Of Cardio-Respiratory Parameters During 2000m Rowing Performance, Arnab Das, Malay Mandal, Alak K. Syamal, Pralay Majumdar

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 483-490, 2019. The purpose of this study was to characterize the kinetics of cardio-respiratory parameters of elite male rowers during 2000m rowing time trial. 16 lightweight category (LWC) and 11 open category (OC) elite male rowers attending National camp were included in the study. Pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate (HR) during 2000m rowing ergometer test was determined through breath-by-breath analysis, with a portable metabolic gas analyzer and HR monitor. Time to completion, HR, oxygen uptake (V̇O₂), minute ventilation (V̇E) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were recorded at 500m, 1000m, 1500m and …

Validity And Wearability Of Consumer-Based Fitness Trackers In Free-Living Children, Keith Brazendale, Lindsay Decker, Ethan T. Hunt, Michelle W. Perry, Allison B. Brazendale, R Glenn Weaver, Michael W. Beets

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 471-482, 2019. Over the past decade wearable fitness trackers (WFTs) have grown in popularity with more recent versions able to capture the pulse rate noninvasively on the wrist of the wearer. Most of evidence on the validity of WFTs have explored adults in clinical settings. Thus, the purpose of this study is to 1) evaluate the validity of a wrist-placed WFT in determining heart rate, and 2) examine the wear compliance of a wrist-placed WFT, in children in free-living settings. In study 1, 19 children (5-12yrs) wore a Fitbit Charge HR^© and a …

Effects Of Exercise Environment And Protocol Intensity On The Efficacy Of Rehabilitation Care For Patients With Huntington’S Disease: A Comprehensive Review, James D. Dolbow, Hau Ly, Nicholas Elwert, John Gassler

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 456-470, 2019. Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by astrogliosis of the putamen and caudate nucleus. Motor symptoms include progressive chorea, leading to deficits in gait, motor function, and quality of life. While many studies have examined the effects of therapeutic exercise on these factors in individuals with HD, the efficacy of such protocols has yet to be analyzed. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to analyze trends in efficacy reported by studies examining the effects of exercise on motor function, gait quality, and quality of life in individuals with HD. …

Body Composition And Perceived Stress Through A Calendar Year In Ncaa I Female Volleyball Players, Hayden W. Hyatt, Andreas N. Kavazis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 433-443, 2019. The aim of the study was to track changes of perceived stress and body composition across an entire calendar year in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division I female volleyball players. We hypothesized that perceived stress and body composition would vary between the competitive season and off-season, with the largest changes occurring during time points prior to the onset and after the end of the competitive season. Eight female volleyball players participated in a longitudinal study. Body mass, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, fat mass, and fat free mass were …

Acute Effects Of L-Arginine Supplementation On Oxygen Consumption Kinetics And Muscle Oxyhemoglobin And Deoxyhemoglobin During Treadmill Running In Male Adults, Claudia M. Meirelles, Cristiane Matsuura, Roberto Silva Jr., Felipe F. Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio C. Gomes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 444-455, 2019. L-arginine is used as a nitric oxide related supplement intended to improve sports performance, and to enhance muscular recovery during exercise. However, the literature is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acute oral L-arginine supplementation on O2 consumption kinetics and local muscle blood volume and oxygenation during treadmill running at two different intensities. Using a double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled design, 11 young healthy male adults were randomly assigned to 6 g of L-arginine (ARG) or placebo (PLA) supplementation that was ingested 60 min before the exercise …

A Comparison Of Blood Viscosity And Hematocrit Levels Between Yoga Practitioners And Sedentary Adults, James Shadiow, Takashi Tarumi, Mandeep Dhindsa, Stacy D. Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 425-432, 2019. Elevations in whole blood viscosity (WBV) and hematocrit (Hct), have been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endurance training has been demonstrated to lower WBV and Hct; however, evidence supporting the efficacy of yoga on these measures is sparse. A cross-sectional study was conducted examining WBV and Hct levels between yoga practitioners with a minimum of 3 years of consistent practice and sedentary, healthy adults. Blood samples were collected from a total of 42 participants: 23 sedentary adults and 19 regular yoga practitioners. Brachial arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured …

Caffeine Alters Rpe-Based Intensity Production, Tyler Langford, Eric O'Neal, Eric M. Scudamore, Samantha Johnson, Caitlin Stevenson, Veronika Pribyslavska, Matt Green

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 412-424, 2019. This study examined effects of caffeine (CAF) on power output (PO) selection and associated physiological responses during cycling at moderate and high intensities prescribed by RPE (0-10 scale). Participants (n = 9) (VO2peak: 55.4 ± 6.32 mL · kg-1 · min-1) cycled for 20 min at RPE4 and 20 min at RPE7 separated by 10 min recovery following caffeine (CAF) (6 mg · kg-1) and placebo (PLA) ingestion. PO, HR, serum lactate [La], VO2, VE, and RER were recorded every 5 min. Session RPE (S-RPE) was recorded following 10 min recovery. Repeated-measures …

Reductions In Kinematics From Brassieres With Varying Breast Support, Taylor M. Gibson, Nilanthy Balendra, Ksenia I. Ustinova, Joseph Langenderfer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 402-411, 2019. Given the abundance of brassieres, manufacturers, and investigations of bras, it remains unclear whether the continued development of bras will provide many additional improvements in support. This study measured performance of sport bras including 4 popular bras and a new style bra at reducing breast motion during five common exercises. Bras demonstrated varying effectiveness and consistency across exercises at reducing undesirable breast motion, (hereafter referred to as kinematics). The new style bra significantly reduced vertical breast displacement and acceleration more consistently than other bras. When significant differences between bras were detected, the …

Validity And Reliability Of The Polar A300'S Fitness Test Feature To Predict Vo2max, Kasie D. Cooper, Alex B. Shafer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 393-401, 2019. The Polar A300 fitness watch includes a feature termed the 5-minute fitness test. This feature claims to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Polar A300 “Fitness Test” VO2max estimation feature. Nineteen recreationally active young adult males (n=9) and females (n=10) completed a Bruce protocol treadmill protocol to assess VO2max, followed by two separate 5-minute Polar Fitness Test (VO2max estimation) trials. A Pearson’s r test was used to determine the relationship between VO2max from the Bruce Test …

Evaluation Of Earbud And Wristwatch Heart Rate Monitors During Aerobic And Resistance Training, Jennifer A. Bunn, Elizabeth K. Wells, John P. Manor, Michael J. Webster

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 374-384, 2019. Assessment of biometrics during exercise is evolving to create devices that are “all-inclusive", in an effort to decrease the number of devices required during exercise while providing comprehensive and accurate biometric measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of two optical heart rate monitors, the Jabra earbud and the Mio Alpha wristwatch, during aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Twenty-two recreationally active participants (25.4 ± 6.9 years, 171 ± 11 cm, 73.9 ± 3.1 kg, and 25.2 ± 9.2% body fat) completed this study. Participants completed 30 minutes of treadmill …

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Boot Use Elevates Blood Lactate During Subsequent Exercise, Richard T. Marcello, Lucas Fortini, Beau Kjerulf Greer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 385-392, 2019. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) boot use between submaximal cycling trials on heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentrations. Ten healthy participants (9M; 1F) performed two consecutive 60 minute rides at 60% of functional threshold power with a 30 minute rest between rides. The rest period was spent in a supine position using IPC boots (BOOT) or sitting in a similar position without boots (CON). HRs were collected every 15 minutes during cycling rides, and lactate was measured at the 30-minute …

Aerobic Fitness Markers Associated With Post-Paddling Breath Hold Capacity In Competitive Surfers, Cory J. Greever, Kaden K.L. Groseclose, April L. Denny, Danielle C. Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 366-373, 2019. Competitive surfing is a growing sport with evolving performance and safety demands. One particular challenge surfers face is the need to endure long breath-holds following bouts of surf paddling. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between aerobic fitness markers, such as VO_2peak and ventilatory thresholds, and post-paddling breath-hold capacity in competitive surfers. Eleven male collegiate level competitive surfers completed both a maximal graded exercise test and a simulated post-paddling breath-hold challenge on a modified paddling ergometer. Associations between markers of aerobic fitness and post-paddling breath-hold capacity were …

The Effects Of Pre-Workout Supplementation On Anaerobic Power And Maintenance Of Power In College Students, Christine T. Herbe, M. Travis Byrd, Taylor K. Dinyer, Brian J. Wallace, Haley C. Bergstrom

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 355-365, 2019. This study examined the effects of Assault™ pre-workout supplementation on peak power output (PP), mean power output (MP), and percent decline in power output (% decline) during repeated, Wingate anaerobic tests. Thirteen healthy, physically active participants (7 male, 6 female) completed the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design with two conditions, supplement and placebo. The participants visited the laboratory for a total of three visits, 2-7 days apart. During visit 1, the participants completed a 4-minute familiarization warm-up on the Monark cycle ergometer and performed one baseline, 30-second Wingate cycle ergometry test. During …

The Effect Of Foam Rolling Of The Hamstrings On Proprioception At The Knee And Hip Joints, Erin David, Tal Amasay, Kathryn Ludwig, Sue Shapiro

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(1): 343-354, 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of hamstring foam rolling on proprioception at the knee and hip joints. Twenty-five participants completed two proprioceptive tests on separate days, in a random order. The joint position matching test used no visual feedback. Participants were verbally guided to a target lunge position, which was maintained for six seconds while right hip and knee angles were recorded. After rest, participants reproduced this position without guidance for six seconds. Three trials were completed at baseline, and zero, 10, and 20 minutes post-intervention. …

The Effects Of Beetroot Juice On Vo2max And Blood Pressure During Submaximal Exercise, Jose M. Perez, John Dobson, Amy Jo Riggs, Greg Ryan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 332-342, 2019. Beetroot juice (BR) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) at rest and improve several performance parameters during exercise. However, the effect of BR on BP during submaximal exercise has not been investigated and its effects on VO₂max are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BR on VO₂max and BP during submaximal exercise. 20 healthy, recreationally trained volunteers (age 21.8±2.35 years, weight 75.10±10.62 kg, height 177.4±6.39 cm) participated in this study, which had a double-blind placebo controlled randomized crossover design. Participants …

Development Of The Physical Activity Tracking Preference Questionnaire, Emily Fu, Marney A. White, Jaclyn M. W. Hughto, Bella Steiner, Erik Willis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 297-309, 2019. The present study aims to develop the Physical Activity Tracking Preference Questionnaire (PATPQ), a measure of unit (distance, steps, calories, minutes) preference for tracking physical activity. The PATPQ was developed in two phases. During Phase One, the initial PATPQ was created (24 items), was assessed by an expert panel for face validity, and tested in 557 adults. Results were used to revise and modify the PATPQ. In Phase Two, the item pool was expanded and tested in 374 adults. Kuder‐Richardson Formula 20 scores for internal consistency and interclass correlations for test-retest reliability …