Digital Commons Network^™

Influence Of Apical Preparation Size On Effective Conventional Irrigation In The Apical Third: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, Seth Butcher, Abeer Mansour, Mohamed Ibrahim

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between final apical preparation size and smear layer removal in the apical third using conventional irrigation in mandibular bicuspids.

Methods: A total of 66 extracted human mandibular bicuspids with comparable root canal morphology were equally divided into five experimental groups and a control group (n=11). Based on their experimental group, samples were instrumented up to size 25, 30, 35, 40, or 45 with 0.04 taper using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as the irrigant. Final irrigation was performed with 17% EDTA followed by 2.5% NaOCl. The control group was instrumented up to size …

Early Condylectomy: Biological Considerations, Diego Fernando López, Juliana Ruiz Botero, Luis Eduardo Almeida

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To describe the early treatment of two patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) diagnosis and therapeutic surgical protocol (early condylectomy) supported by the current biological knowledge about the development and repair of mandibular condyle cartilage (MCC). Methods: Review of the literature and two case description of the treatment. The two patients were girls, 12 and 13 year old. The follow up period was of 3 years. SPECT diagnostic, radiographic, photographic and tomographic images are presented. Results: The literature summarized provides biological basis favoring the early treatment of UCH. The two cases were treated with the same surgical protocol obtaining …

Biomaterials Evaluation: Conceptual Refinements And Practical Reforms, Reza Masaeli, Kavosh Zandsalimi, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Regarding the widespread and ever-increasing applications of biomaterials in different medical fields, their accurate assessment is of great importance. Hence the safety and efficacy of biomaterials is confirmed only through the evaluation process, the way it is done has direct effects on public health. Although every biomaterial undergoes rigorous premarket evaluation, the regulatory agencies receive a considerable number of complications and adverse event reports annually. The main factors that challenge the process of biomaterials evaluation are dissimilar regulations, asynchrony of biomaterials evaluation and biomaterials development, inherent biases of postmarketing data, and cost and timing issues. Several pieces of evidence indicate …

Culture Of Dental Pulp Stem Cells On Nanoporous Alumina Substrates Modified By Carbon Nanotubes, Ameneh Alizadeh, Amir Razmjou, Mehrorang Ghaedi, Ramin Jannesar, Fahimeh Tabatabaei, Vahid Pezeshkpour, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: Alumina substrates are one of the commonly used scaffolds applied in cell culture, but in order to prevent formation of biofilm on the alumina substrate, these substrates are modified with carbon nanotube. Methods: The alumina substrate was made by a two-step anodization method and was then modified with carbon nanotubes by simple chemical reaction. The substrates were characterized with FTIR, SEM, EDX, 3D laser scanning digital microscope, contact angle (CA) and surface free energy (SFE). To determine how this modification influences the reduction of biofilm, biofilm of two various bacteria, Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus ( …

Applications Of 3d Printing On Craniofacial Bone Repair, Michael Maroulakos, George Kamperos, Lobat Tayebi, Demetrios J. Halazonetis, Yijin Ren

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, a method derived from additive manufacturing technology, is a recent and ongoing trend for the construction of 3D volumetric structures. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize evidence from existing human and animal studies assessing the application of 3D printing on bone repair and regeneration in the craniofacial region.

Data & sources

A rigorous search of all relevant clinical trials and case series was performed, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was conducted in all available electronic databases and sources, supplemented by a manual search, in December 2017.

Study selection

43 …

Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: Reforming Organized Dentistry To Address Persistent Oral Health Disparities In The U.S., Aparna Chintapalli

Pomona Senior Theses

The importance of oral health has been largely neglected from the conventional standards of healthcare in terms of public understanding & prioritization, the industrial infrastructure, and the scope of prevention & early-intervention services. Its adjunctive locus to the field of medicine has lead to the bifurcation of the oral cavity from the rest of the human body. As a result of this divide, there have been multiple factors that have allowed socially stratified oral health outcomes to manifest. This thesis examines the determinants of oral health disparities through a multidisciplinary lens (i.e. biology, public policy, infrastructure), and offers evidence of …

Deviation Between Planned And Actual Implant Positions Inserted Using Mucosa-Supported Stereolithographic Surgical Guide In Edentulous Mandible And Maxilla, Fardos N. Rizk, Marwa Sabet Prof., Omar Yehia

Dentistry

Purpose: estimate the deviation between the planned and the actual implant inserted using a mucosa-supported stereolithographic surgical guide in different edentulous arches and determine the effect of the arch (mandible or maxilla) on accuracy. Materials and Methods: 16 implants were placed in completely edentulous arches and divided into two groups. Group (A): Eight implants were placed in four patients in the mandible using completely limiting mucosa-supported stereolithographic (SLA) surgical guide during implant insertion. Two implants were placed in each patient intraforamina. Group (B): Eight implants were placed in Two patients in the maxilla using completely limiting mucosa-supported stereolithographic (SLA) surgical …

Assessment Of Fracture Resistance Of Maxillary First Molars After Root Canal Preparation Using Three Different Rotary Instruments (V-Taper, Protaper, Vortex Blue): Finite Element Analysis, Mehran Malakpour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: Long term success of endodontically treated teeth has been one of the most challenging aspects of the field of endodontics due to reduced fracture resistance of these teeth. Recently, researchers have heightened focus on conservative endodontics in order to sustain the tooth integrity, and reduce factors impacting the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. As a result, rotary instrument manufacturers have developed files that have a minimal effect on original root canal anatomy. This study used Finite Element Analysis to investigate the dental biomechanical effect of rotary instrumentation during root canal therapy. The aim of this study is to …

Radiation Safety Practices Of Dental Hygienists In The United States, Kimberly Lintag, Ann M. Bruhn, Susan Lynn Tolle, Norou Diawara

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: The As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle was developed to promote awareness and minimization of radiation exposure and is supported by radiation control and professional organizations. The purpose of this study was to determine licensed dental hygienists' current radiation safety practices.

Methods: Data were collected with a 22 item, online survey administered to a convenience sample of 1,500 dental hygienists in the United States. Questions focused on respondents' use of the American Dental Association (ADA) radiographic examination selection guidelines, their individual dental practice policies, and hand-held portable x-ray device use and training. Cross tabulations were obtained using logistic …

Color-Blind Racial Attitudes In Dental Hygiene Students: A Pilot Study, Emily A. Ludwig, Jessica R. Suedbeck, Susan L. Tolle

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: Color-blind racial attitudes and biases have been linked to racial prejudice which may potentially affect dental hygiene care to diverse patients. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the color-blind racial attitudes of dental hygiene students.

Methods: A 20-item, Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS) electronic survey was sent to a convenience sample of 41 first-year and 30 second-year dental hygiene students (n=71) in a dental hygiene program in Virginia. The CoBRAS instrument measures contemporary racial attitudes and stereotyping in three subcategories: Unawareness of Racial Privilege, Institutional Discrimination, and Blatant Racial Issues. CoBRAS scores range from 20-120, with …

Dentistry: Are Stem Cells The Future?, Tova Zemel

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Stem cell research is currently advancing in every area of medicine. New information about regenerating stem cells is being uncovered on a daily basis. An area of stem cells that has not been focused on until recently is the use of dental stem cells. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the most current research about dental stem cells. Much of what is discussed in this paper has not been implemented yet, and is still in clinical trials. Dental stem cells are important because they could be an alternative way of treating caries, performing root canals, and other traumas …

Blood Pressure Screening Practices Among Dental Hygienists, Mariah Sullinger

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

“There is consensus on the importance of early detection and treatment of hypertension and dental care is one of the few medical services which involves a considerable proportion of the population returning for routine check-ups” (Berne, Engstrom, Gahnberg, & Svardsudd, 2011, p 194). Little is known about the frequency and consistency of blood pressure screening practices or barriers affecting these procedures. Research findings may support efforts to increase or routinize scope and frequency of this preventive procedure among dental healthcare providers or make it a standard of care. Data from the survey was used to assess what type of setting …

The Effect Of Change In Medi-Cal Dental Coverage On Dental Care Utilization Among Medi-Cal Beneficiaries, Min H. Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

One of the most important factors in accessing dental care is having dental insurance. For people with low incomes, Medicaid is the main source of health insurance. Medi-Cal is California’s Medicaid program. Adult dental services were mostly eliminated in Medi-Cal in 2009 due to the economic downturn and partially restored in 2014. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of change in Medi-Cal dental coverage, specifically the partial restoration of adult dental coverage in 2014, on dental care utilization among Medi-Cal beneficiaries. The partial restoration significantly increased the utilization rates in dental clinics from 2014 to 2017 …

Examination Of Strain-Dependent Differences In S. Sanguinis Virulence And Growth, Shannon Baker

Theses and Dissertations

Streptococcus sanguinis, an abundant and benign inhabitant of the oral cavity, is an important etiologic agent of infective endocarditis, particularly in people with pre-disposing cardiac valvular damage. Although commonly isolated from patients with IE, little is known about the factors that make any particular S. sanguinis isolate more virulent than another or, indeed, whether significant differences in virulence exist among isolates. To investigate the virulence of multiple isolates, a variation of the Bar-seq (barcode sequencing) method was employed. A conserved chromosomal site was identified for subsequent insertion of a barcode identifier, unique for each strain. Barcode insertion did not …

Antibiotics And Antimicrobial Resistance: An Evaluation Of The Knowledge, Attitude And Perception Among Dental Students And Academic Deans And Department Chairs Within U.S. Dental Schools, Magdalena S. Holz

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study aimed to survey current 3^rd and 4^th year dental students, academic deans, and department chairs within U.S. dental schools to analyze the level of understanding; education; guidelines; and overall awareness regarding antibiotic use within dentistry and antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: A 25-question survey intended for 3^rd and 4^th year dental students and a 20-question survey intended for academic deans and various department chairs of U.S dental schools were each developed utilizing REDCap. The survey invitations were sent via e-mail to the current academic dean of each U.S. dental school for distribution.

Results: There were …

Management Of The Open Apex Using A Bioceramic Apical Barrier: Success And Survival Rates At Virginia Commonwealth University, Adam Sarnowski

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of treatment of teeth with open apices managed by the orthograde placement of a bioceramic apical barrier as well as to identify potential outcome factors for this type of treatment. Methods: Patient records were pooled from graduate resident cases completed at Virginia Commonwealth University between January 1, 2010 and May 31, 2018. A total of 515 patients were identified using relevant ADA codes and a key word search within the patient record database. A total of 104 patients (119 teeth) had an open apex that had NSRCT utilizing a …

Evaluation And Comparison Of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films And Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up, Adam S. Polinsky

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment.

Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were …

Frictional Properties Of Novel Bracket Systems: An In-Vitro Study, Stephen M. Haverkos

Theses and Dissertations

Orthodontic brackets undergo resistance during sliding that includes classical friction, binding, and notching. Current bracket systems are hampered by these challenging forces. As a result, the clinician usually needs to apply additional forces to overcome the resistance which increases the risk of root resorption and discomfort for the patient. This study evaluated frictional properties of a novel bracket that had polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon™) coated rollers in its design. Five types of brackets (n = 10, each), including a passive self-ligating bracket, a traditional ligated bracket, a three-dimensionally printed direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) bracket with and without Teflon™ rollers, and computer …

Perception Of Patient Cooperation Among Dentist, Guardian, And Child, Cole A. Staines Dds

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Evaluate behavior assessment and agreement among dentist, guardian, and child. Evaluate child behavior by appointment type.

Methods: Patients recruited from the pediatric dental department at Virginia Commonwealth University for this convenience sample. Inclusion criteria: patients presenting for clinical exams and/or restorative treatment without the use of advanced behavior guidance between August 29, 2018, and March 7, 2019; ages 4-12-years-old; and scheduled with a single clinician. Appointments were stratified by difficulty. Behavior was assessed by dentist and caregiver using the Frankl Scale. Patient self-assessed cooperation using an age-appropriate modified Frankl Scale, developed for this study. Agreement assessed among the 3 …

Comparison Of Triple Combination Oral Sedation Regimens For Pediatric Dental Treatment, Brett H. Henderson

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Compare the efficacy of two benzodiazepines (diazepam or midazolam) in combination with meperidine and hydroxyzine for pediatric dental sedation. Methods: A randomized, double blind observation study of behaviors and outcomes related to two sedation groups. Frankl and Houpt behavior scores were recorded at three time points: injection time, initiation of treatment and at the end of treatment. Postoperative phone call surveys were conducted within eight hours of discharge to assess sleep, activity, and behavior. Results: A total of 40 sedation subjects were included in the study, of which 20 were treated with diazepam triple Combination (Di+M+H) and 20 with …

The Efficacy Of A Fluoride-Containing Orthodontic Primer In Preventing Demineralization, Alyssa G. Ricci

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a fluoride-containing orthodontic primer in preventing demineralization adjacent to brackets and compare the quality of enamel on tooth surfaces that received interproximal reduction (IPR).

Methods: Patients at the VCU Orthodontic clinic who consented to orthodontic treatment involving extraction of at least 2 premolars were recruited to this pilot clinical study. Brackets were bonded to premolars using one of two primers, fluoride-containing experimental or control. IPR was also performed, and the experimental primer was applied to randomly selected teeth. Extracted teeth were analyzed visually for the presence of white spot lesions (WSLs). Micro-CT analyses were …

The Effect Of Framework Material On Partial Overdenture Supporting Structure, Sara Fikry El Shafei

Dentistry

Purpose: In this study the effect of two partial denture framework materials on the bone tissues surrounding a the implants, in an implant retained partial overdenture is compared. Materials and Mehods: 12 partially edentulous patients with mandibular kennedy class I configuration were selected for this study. They were divided into two groups; Group 1 received a mandibular implant retained partial overdentures with a framework made of cobalt chromium. Group 2 received implant retained partial overdentures with a framework made of acetal resin. The results were evaluated using cone beam ct. Results: The results showed that bone changes produced in metallic …

Influence Of Curved Root Canal On Retreatment Efficacy Of Bioceramic Sealer, Kasemsun Sujaritwanit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study evaluated the influence of a curved root canal on the retreatment efficacy of root canals sealed with bioceramic sealer. 60 mandibular molars were divided into 4 subgroups of severely curved canal filled with AH Plus, slightly curved canal filled with AH Plus, severely curved canal filled with BioRoot RCS and slightly curved canal filled with BioRoot. Two weeks after root canal obturation, retreatment was performed with WaveOne Gold Primary and ProTaper Next X3 following with passive ultrasonic irrigation. The retreatment efficacy parameters were regaining canal patency, retreatment time and residual filling material. MicroCT and confocal microscope were used …

Antimicrobial Effect Against Oral Microbiota After Continuous Use Of Natural Oral Spray Products, Chanon Suwanprapis

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

So far as we know there were several natural extracts possessed antimicrobial activity against oral microbiota. These natural extracts can be used as an alternative to replace chlorhexidine mouthwash which retains unfavorable flavor and also has some adverse effects. However, the antimicrobial activity of the natural extracts in commercial products have never been demonstrated especially in vivo studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of natural oral spray against oral bacteria compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash, and patient satisfaction. Participants had used two types of commercial natural oral spray products, including essential oil and essential …

The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Oral Soft Tissue Lesions In Kidney Transplant Recipients, Charinrat Sirivichayakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Kidney transplantation is considered to be the best treatment for end-stage renal disease patient, and widely accepted it improves quality and length of life. However, the kidney transplant recipient has to receive long-term immunosuppressive therapy in order to prevent kidney transplant rejection, causing the immune function system declined. Oral and dental problems also increase in these patients, which mostly develop as a result of side effects and drug interaction. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of oral soft tissue lesions in kidney transplant recipients. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted in April to October 2019. …

Microshear Bond Strength And Microleakage Of Glass Ionomer Cement On Aged Dentin, Chutima Techa-Ungkul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Objective: To compare the microshear bond strength and microleakage of glass ionomer cements when bonded to aged and young dentin. Background: Root caries commonly occurs in elderly patients. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is frequently used to restore root caries. Many studies of GIC have been conducted using young dentin, however few studies have assessed adhesion and microleakage of GICs to aged dentin. Materials and methods: Seventy-eight non-carious human molars (patient age 16-30 = 39; patient age ≥ 65 = 39) were tested with three commercial GICs (Fuji II LC, Equia Forte Fil, and Fuji BULK). For microshear bond strength (µSBS), …

Associations Between Social Determinants And Prosthesis Obtained In Bangkok Elders: 10 Years After Universal Coverage Policy Implementation, Chutimont Jindarojanakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In these ten years, the number of elderly populations in Bangkok has increased every year and tooth loss is still a major oral problem in their daily life. The main treatment in solving this problem is to replace the edentulous ridge with a prosthesis. There are many factors that affect the elderly to obtain the prosthesis. For the financial aspect, the government has supported the elderly by three main supporting insurance systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between social determinants and prosthesis obtained of the elderly in Bangkok, during 10 years after the implementation of …

Dental Services Utilization, Oral Status, And Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Thai Elderly: Data From The Eight Thailand National Oral Health Survey, Punkanit Harirugsakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The number of older adults in Thailand is currently increasing. To create the appropriate oral health service for them requires understanding the associations between dental service utilization (DSU), oral status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The objectives of this study were to examine the associations of DSU and oral status with OHRQoL and to examine the associations between social backgrounds and DSU in Thai older adults. Data on 4,130 Thai older adults from the 8th Thailand National Oral Health Survey were collected through interviews and oral examination. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression models were applied. Thai older …

A Comparison Of Microrna Profiles Between Rat Incisors And Molars, Sirawit Nipakasem

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Unlike the molar, rodent incisor is a distinct organ that have continuously growth at distal end of tooth throughout its lifetime to compensate for abrasion. The key of continuous growth is the result of delayed root formation and prolonged crown formation that possibly made by stem cell niche, so-called cervical loop, which involve various genes and signaling pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding single stranded RNAs that involved in biological mechanisms of dental development. To study the role of miRNA, we extracted total RNA from the dental pulp tissue collected from the apical part, coronal part of incisors and molars, …

Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life And Related Factors In The Elderly Patients Who Received Dental Treatment, Teerawut Tatiyapongpaiboon

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This thesis is a cross-sectional study which explores underlying determinants of elderly patients. The study examines related factor that impaired Oral Health-related Quality of life (OHRQoL) and analyzes the characteristics of elderly patients at our clinic. 46 participants are patients who completed dental treatment more than 6 months during May 2016 to December 2018. Underlying determinants information were recorded by interview, patient chart review and oral examination. There were collected self-evaluation and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP). Descriptive statistics was used to describe the characteristics of patients. Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test at P-value < 0.05 were performed. From the results, the participant’s OIDP scores showed the majority in no severity and no more than 2 impacts activities. The major activities that were impacted were eating activity and speaking activity due to ill-fitting dentures but less impacts in psychological and social performance. There was poor denture satisfaction that impaired participant’s OHRQoL. However, there were differences between dentist and patient evaluation. The authors suggest that the dental treatment should focus on the recall system, the frequency of dental recall visits, procedures to successful oral hygiene instruction and skills to handle the denture problems.