New Political Ecologies Of Renewable Energy,
2022
Durham University
New Political Ecologies Of Renewable Energy, Sarah Knuth, Ingrid Behrsin, Anthony Levenda, James Mccarthy
Geography
The critique of fossil fuel regimes has been a foundational concern for the field of political ecology, in its drives to expose the injustices and harms of energy extractivism and its early warnings of the climate crisis. However, it is increasingly evident that renewable energy sources and their infrastructures will carry their own costs and trade-offs, and that critique, resistance and alternative movement-building are needed to forge a truly just renewable energy transition. This theme issue underlines the many ways in which political ecology is well-positioned to lead critical and engaged scholarship in support of energy/climate justice. In this introduction …
Chinese Neoglobalization In East Africa: Logics, Couplings And Impacts,
2022
Trinity College Dublin
Chinese Neoglobalization In East Africa: Logics, Couplings And Impacts, Pádraig R. Carmody, James T. Murphy
Geography
The most significant case of transnational state capitalism today is China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which seeks to expand/extend the country's geoeconomic and geopolitical integrations globally. We conceptualise the BRI as manifest principally through industrial offshoring, infrastructure investments and exports from China. These vectors articulate with particular places, forming transnational couplings that shape development outcomes. We examine the BRI's couplings and their development implications in the East African countries of Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya where China has engaged significantly. We demonstrate the contingent manner of BRI's variegations; its pragmatism, flexibility, and limitations as a hegemonic or developmental project.
Emerging Hot Spot Analysis To Indicate Forest Conservation Priorities And Efficacy On Regional To Continental Scales: A Study Of Forest Change In Selva Maya 2000-2020,
2022
Auburn University at Montgomery
Emerging Hot Spot Analysis To Indicate Forest Conservation Priorities And Efficacy On Regional To Continental Scales: A Study Of Forest Change In Selva Maya 2000-2020, Nicholas Cuba, Laura A. Sauls, Anthony J. Bebbington, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, Avecita Chicchon, Pilar Delpino Marimón, Oscar Diaz, Susanna Hecht, Susan Kandel, Tracey Osborne, Rebecca Ray, Madelyn Rivera, John Rogan, Viviana Zalles
Geography
Despite the importance of preserving contiguous tropical forest areas to maintain biodiversity and terrestrial carbon stocks, methodological challenges continue to hinder broad-scale analysis of threats to these forests. Emerging Hot Spot Analysis (EHSA) is a spatial-statistical method that conveys complex information about the temporal dynamics of deforestation across a range of moderate to coarse spatial scales. Using Global Forest Change (GFC) data as inputs, EHSA produces spatially comprehensive, gridded outputs that represent a standardized, reproduceable way to instantiate contiguous forest tracts as spatial objects. Doing so allows aggregation of other GFC-derived values and analysis of alternative geographic configurations besides sub-national …
Ten Facts About Land Systems For Sustainability,
2022
Université Catholique de Louvain
Ten Facts About Land Systems For Sustainability, Patrick Meyfroidt, Ariane De Bremond, Casey M. Ryan, Emma Archer, Richard Aspinall, Abha Chhabra, Gilberto Camara, Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Esteve Corbera, Ruth Defries, Sandra Díaz, Jinwei Dong, Erle C. Ellis, Karl Heinz Erb, Janet A. Fisher, Rachael D. Garrett, Nancy E. Golubiewski, H. Ricardo Grau, J. Morgan Grove, Helmut Haberl, Andreas Heinimann, Patrick Hostert, Esteban G. Jobbágy, Suzi Kerr, Tobias Kuemmerle, Eric F. Lambin, Sandra Lavorel, Sharachandra Lele, Ole Mertz, Peter Messerli, Graciela Metternicht, Darla K. Munroe, Harini Nagendra
Geography
Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence …
Albedo Changes Caused By Future Urbanization Contribute To Global Warming,
2022
Stanford University
Albedo Changes Caused By Future Urbanization Contribute To Global Warming, Zutao Ouyang, Pietro Sciusco, Tong Jiao, Sarah Feron, Cheyenne Lei, Fei Li, Ranjeet John, Peilei Fan, Xia Li, Christopher A. Williams, Guangzhao Chen, Chenghao Wang, Jiquan Chen
Geography
The replacement of natural lands with urban structures has multiple environmental consequences, yet little is known about the magnitude and extent of albedo-induced warming contributions from urbanization at the global scale in the past and future. Here, we apply an empirical approach to quantify the climate effects of past urbanization and future urbanization projected under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We find an albedo-induced warming effect of urbanization for both the past and the projected futures under three illustrative scenarios. The albedo decease from urbanization in 2018 relative to 2001 has yielded a 100-year average annual global warming of 0.00014 …
Review – Nor Any Drop To Drink: Flint’S Water Crisis,
2022
Illinois State University
Review – Nor Any Drop To Drink: Flint’S Water Crisis, Melissa Heil
Faculty Publications - Geography, Geology, and the Environment
[In lieu of an abstract, the synopsis is presented] Nor Any Drop to Drink: Flint’s Water Crisis (2018) is a 124-minute-long documentary directed by Dr Cedric Taylor, a sociologist with expertise in environmental justice and racial health disparities, with cinematography by Daniel Bracken. Nor Any Drop to Drink examines the causes of the Flint water crisis and documents the crisis’s impacts on city residents years after the initial water contamination. The first half of the film analyses the political roots of the water crisis: the imposition of emergency management in Flint, a system of undemocratic rule in which the governor …
The Politics Of Owing: Accounting, Water Disconnection, And Austerity Urbanism In Detroit,
2022
Illinois State University
The Politics Of Owing: Accounting, Water Disconnection, And Austerity Urbanism In Detroit, Melissa Heil
Faculty Publications - Geography, Geology, and the Environment
With the rise of austerity urbanism, contemporary urban governance has been described as “rule by accountancy.” Yet the intricacies of accounting practice have been underexplored in the austerity urbanism literature. Drawing on insights from critical accounting studies, I interrogate accounting practices as political exercises that draw people and institutions into ties of obligation (accountability), shape social relations, and structure the conditions of urban life. Through this lens, practices of accounting can be understood not just as a technocratic tool of the financialized state, but as a contested terrain of urban political struggle. Examining the case of austerity-driven water service disconnections …
Bloodshed, Baptism, Beer: Racial Capitalism And Settler Colonialism On The Medieval Baltic,
2022
Macalester College
Bloodshed, Baptism, Beer: Racial Capitalism And Settler Colonialism On The Medieval Baltic, Nicholas Salvato
Geography Honors Projects
Scholarly and popular usage of the term “racial capitalism” has increased exponentially over the past decade, but the validity and implications of its use remain hotly contested. The late Cedric Robinson is the undisputed popularizer of this phrase and is referenced widely by both the slogan’s detractors and proponents. Despite this, little work has been done to engage with the core of his argument about racial capitalism: that capitalism is inalienably racial due to the racialism of the medieval European societies that spawned it. Debates over Robinson’s ideas have thus disregarded the substance of his deployment of the phrase and …
Critical Perspectives On Produce Prescription Programs & Us Federal Nutrition Policy,
2022
West Virginia University
Critical Perspectives On Produce Prescription Programs & Us Federal Nutrition Policy, Alanna K. Higgins
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Produce prescription programs, interventions operating at the intersection of food access and public health, are steadily increasing in number across the United States since 2010. I leverage key informant interviews, participant observations, and event ethnographies to form a four-year institutional ethnography of the implementation of produce prescriptions within West Virginia alongside a legal-policy archaeology methodology to understand how produce prescriptions have been institutionalized and funded within the US Farm Bill. While much of produce prescription program growth is attributed to an expansion of federal funding starting in 2014, this dissertation demonstrates that these programs and the federal legislation which has …
การจำลองการเกิดน้ำท่วมในพื้นที่ลุ่มน้ำเจ้าพระยาตอนกลางด้วยแบบจำลอง Hec-Ras,
2022
คณะอักษรศาสตร์
การจำลองการเกิดน้ำท่วมในพื้นที่ลุ่มน้ำเจ้าพระยาตอนกลางด้วยแบบจำลอง Hec-Ras, ปัญชิกา มูลรังษี
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
งานวิจัยนี้ประยุกต์ใช้แบบจำลองชลศาสตร์ HEC-RAS เพื่อการจำลองและคาดการณ์การเกิดน้ำท่วม ในลุ่มน้ำเจ้าพระยาบริเวณตั้งแต่ท้ายเขื่อนเจ้าพระยา จ.ชัยนาท จนกระทั่งถึง อ.เมือง จ.อ่างทอง โดยทำการจำลองการไหลในลำน้ำแบบหนึ่งมิติ (1D) และการหลากของน้ำล้นตลิ่งในลักษณะสองมิติ (2D) ในการจำลองการไหลแบบหนึ่งมิติ ผู้วิจัยทำการเทียบมาตรฐานแบบจำลอง โดยใช้ข้อมูลอัตราการไหล ในลำน้ำที่สถานีตรวจวัด C.13 และระดับน้ำที่ C.7A พ.ศ. 2553 และ พ.ศ. 2555 เพื่อกำหนดค่าสัมประสิทธิ์ความขรุขระแมนนิ่ง (Manning’s n) ของพื้นท้องน้ำที่เหมาะสมในการจำลองการไหลแบบไม่คงที่ในลำน้ำ สำหรับการจำลองการไหลแบบ 2 มิติ ทำการเทียบมาตรฐานแบบจำลองกับขอบเขตพื้นที่น้ำท่วมจากภาพถ่ายดาวเทียมรายวัน และระดับน้ำท่วมจากจุดสำรวจ 4 ตำแหน่ง เพื่อปรับค่าการระบายน้ำออกจากพื้นที่ศึกษาด้วยค่าสัมประสิทธิ์ปรับแก้การเปิด-ปิดประตูระบายน้ำและการกักเก็บปริมาณน้ำท่วมส่วนเกิน จากนั้นจึงทดสอบความสมเหตุสมผลของแบบจำลอง โดยใช้ข้อมูลอัตราการไหลในลำน้ำและขอบเขตพื้นที่น้ำท่วม พ.ศ.2551 และ พ.ศ.2552 รวมถึงระดับน้ำท่วมจากจุดสำรวจ 3 ตำแหน่งในพื้นที่ศึกษา ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ค่า Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ของอัตราการไหลในลำน้ำอยู่ระหว่าง 0.95-0.99 และค่า root-mean-squared error (RMSE) ของความลึกน้ำท่วม 3 ตำแหน่ง อยู่ระหว่าง 0.67-0.68 เมตร เมื่อเพิ่มโครงสร้างบรรเทาการเกิดอุทกภัยในแบบจำลอง สามารถลดพื้นที่น้ำท่วม พ.ศ. 2548 และ พ.ศ. 2550 ได้ 41.27 และ 51.49 ตารางกิโลเมตร ตามลำดับ โดยการเพิ่มพื้นที่แก้มลิงสามารถบรรเทาอุทกภัยได้มากที่สุด ในขณะที่การเพิ่มความสูงคันกั้นน้ำและการขุดลอกลำน้ำ ไม่สามารถลดพื้นที่ที่เกิดน้ำท่วมขังได้มากนัก ในนอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าการเพิ่มโครงสร้างบรรเทาน้ำท่วมทั้ง 3 ประเภท ทำให้พื้นที่ที่ยังคงมีน้ำท่วมขัง มีระดับความลึกน้ำท่วมลดลง 0.1-0.15 เซนติเมตร
A Harbour In The Country, A City In The Sea: Infrastructural Conduits, Territorial Inversions And The Slippages Of Sovereignty In Sino-Sri Lankan Development Narratives,
2022
Singapore Management University
A Harbour In The Country, A City In The Sea: Infrastructural Conduits, Territorial Inversions And The Slippages Of Sovereignty In Sino-Sri Lankan Development Narratives, Orlando Woods
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper adopts infrastructure as a lens through which new understandings of the inter-relationships between territory and sovereignty can be advanced. It argues that inverting the terrestrial assumption of territory can lead to “slippages” of sovereignty in which territorial sovereignty is indirectly claimed through the assertion of governance rights. For the purposes of this paper, I explore these inversions through the reclaiming of land from the ocean, and the removal of land by the ocean. Drawing on ethnographic research exploring the effects of China-backed infrastructure megaprojects in Sri Lanka, these territorial inversions are explored, respectively, through the Port City Colombo …
Industry 4.0 Remanufacturing: A Novel Approach Towards Smart Remanufacturing,
2022
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Industry 4.0 Remanufacturing: A Novel Approach Towards Smart Remanufacturing, Prashansa Ragampeta
Masters Theses
“Smart remanufacturing has become more popular in recent years as a result of its multiple benefits and the growing need for society to encourage a circular economy that leads to sustainability. One of the most common end-of-life (EoL) choices that can lead to a circular economy is remanufacturing. As a result, at the end-of-life stage of a product, it is critical to prioritize this choice over other accessible options because it is the only recovery option that retains the same quality as a new product. This work focuses on the numerous technologies that can aid in the improvement of smart …
Comparison Of Topsoil Moisture In E3sm Model Simulations And In-Situ Observations Over Illinois,
2022
Northern Illinois University
Comparison Of Topsoil Moisture In E3sm Model Simulations And In-Situ Observations Over Illinois, Jacinda Lee Mayer
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Soil moisture stimulates land-atmosphere interactions by modifying energy and water fluxes in the boundary layer and it plays an important role in climate change studies. The objective of this research is to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of the Illinois Climate Network’s (ICN) observed topsoil moisture, as well as evaluate how accurately the new climate model, E3SM, is simulating soil moisture compared to the observed data during 2003-2014. Observed topsoil moisture averaged over growing season during the 12-year period indicates a general dry-north and wet-south pattern in Illinois, and northeast and southwest become drier with the progression of the …
Seeding Resilience: An Examination Of The Impacts Of A Seed Saving Network In Western Montana,
2022
University of Montana
Seeding Resilience: An Examination Of The Impacts Of A Seed Saving Network In Western Montana, Christina Leas
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Seed saving, a worldwide practice as old as agriculture, continues even in the context of an increasingly industrialized and globalized agricultural system. While some scholarship has focused on informal seed saving practices that continue to thrive in the global South, few studies have examined the dynamics of these practices in the global North, particularly in the American West. Informal seed saving systems have implications for the resilience of agroecosystems. The concept of resilience has become an important framework for conceptualizing agroecosystems as social-ecological systems, both in scholarship and in policy. However, operationalizing the concept of resilience, particularly in agroecology research, …
What Makes Wildfires Destructive In California?,
2022
Conservation Biology Institute
What Makes Wildfires Destructive In California?, Alexandra D. Syphard, Jon E. Keeley, Mike Gough, Mitchell Lazarz, John Rogan
Geography
As human impacts from wildfires mount, there is a pressing need to understand why structures are lost in destructive fires. Despite growing research on factors contributing to structure loss, fewer studies have focused on why some fires are destructive and others are not. We characterized overall differences between fires that resulted in structure loss (“destructive fires”) and those that did not (“non-destructive wildfires”) across three California regions. Then, we performed statistical analyses on large fires only (≥100 ha) to distinguish the primary differences between large destructive large fires and large non-destructive fires. Overall, destructive fires were at least an order …
Linking Tree Cover Change To Historical Management Practices In Urban Parks,
2022
University of Pennsylvania
Linking Tree Cover Change To Historical Management Practices In Urban Parks, Sabine Nix, Lara A. Roman, Marc Healy, John Rogan, Hamil Pearsall
Geography
Context: Urban tree canopy (UTC) in parks is shaped by complex interactions between social and ecological processes over decades. To understand UTC change in parks, it is critical to identify and characterize the unique set of social processes that drive long-term change. Objectives: We sought to uncover the feedbacks between social processes and long-term UTC changes in parks of a post-industrial city that experienced substantial population loss and park disinvestment. Methods: Our mixed-methods approach involved quantifying spatiotemporal UTC changes and connecting those changes to historical management practices for three parks in Philadelphia, PA (US). We delineated UTC using aerial imagery …
A Process-Model Perspective On Recent Changes In The Carbon Cycle Of North America,
2022
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad
A Process-Model Perspective On Recent Changes In The Carbon Cycle Of North America, Guillermo Murray-Tortarolo, Benjamin Poulter, Rodrigo Vargas, Daniel Hayes, Anna M. Michalak, Christopher A. Williams, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Jonathan A. Wang, Kimberly P. Wickland, David Butman, Hanqin Tian, Stephen Sitch, Pierre Friedlingstein, Mike O’Sullivan, Peter Briggs, Vivek Arora, Danica Lombardozzi, Atul K. Jain, Wenping Yuan, Roland Séférian, Julia Nabel, Andy Wiltshire, Almut Arneth, Sebastian Lienert, Sönke Zaehle, Vladislav Bastrikov, Daniel Goll, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony Walker, Etsushi Kato, Xu Yue, Zhen Zhang
Geography
Continental North America has been found to be a carbon (C) sink over recent decades by multiple studies employing a variety of estimation approaches. However, several key questions and uncertainties remain with these assessments. Here we used results from an ensemble of 19 state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation models from the TRENDYv9 project to improve these estimates and study the drivers of its interannual variability. Our results show that North America has been a C sink with a magnitude of 0.37 ± 0.38 (mean and one standard deviation) PgC year−1 for the period 2000–2019 (0.31 and 0.44 PgC year−1 in each …
A Modified Vegetation Photosynthesis And Respiration Model (Vprm) For The Eastern Usa And Canada, Evaluated With Comparison To Atmospheric Observations And Other Biospheric Models,
2022
National Institute of Standards and Technology
A Modified Vegetation Photosynthesis And Respiration Model (Vprm) For The Eastern Usa And Canada, Evaluated With Comparison To Atmospheric Observations And Other Biospheric Models, Sharon M. Gourdji, Anna Karion, Israel Lopez-Coto, Subhomoy Ghosh, Kimberly L. Mueller, Yu Zhou, Christopher A. Williams, Ian T. Baker, Katharine D. Haynes, James R. Whetstone
Geography
Atmospheric CO2 measurements from a dense surface network can help to evaluate terrestrial biosphere model (TBM) simulations of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) with two key benefits. First, gridded CO2 flux estimates can be evaluated over regional scales, not possible using flux tower observations at discrete locations for model evaluation. Second, TBM ability to explain atmospheric CO2 fluctuations due to the biosphere can be directly tested, an important objective for anthropogenic emissions monitoring using atmospheric observations. Here, we customize the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) for an eastern North American domain with strong biological activity upwind of urban areas. Parameters …
Applying Landscape Fragmentation Analysis To Icescape Environments: Potential Impacts For The Pacific Walrus (Odobenus Rosmarus Divergens),
2022
Clark University
Applying Landscape Fragmentation Analysis To Icescape Environments: Potential Impacts For The Pacific Walrus (Odobenus Rosmarus Divergens), Anthony Himmelberger, K E. Frey, Florencia Sangermano
Geography
Sea-ice cover across the Arctic has declined rapidly over the past several decades owing to amplified climate warming. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) relies on sea-ice floes in the St. Lawrence Island (SLI) and Wainwright regions of the Bering and Chukchi seas surrounding Alaska as a platform for rest, feeding and reproduction. Lower concentrations of thick ice floes are generally associated with earlier seasonal fragmentation and shorter annual persistence of sea-ice cover, potentially affecting the life history of the Pacific walrus. In this study, 24 Landsat satellite images were classified into thick ice, thin ice or open water to …
Probabilistic Tracking Of Annual Cropland Changes Over Large, Complex Agricultural Landscapes Using Google Earth Engine,
2022
Clark University
Probabilistic Tracking Of Annual Cropland Changes Over Large, Complex Agricultural Landscapes Using Google Earth Engine, Sitian Xiong, Priscilla Baltezar, Morgan A. Crowley, Michael Cecil, Stefano C. Crema, Eli Baldwin, Jeffrey A. Cardille, Lyndon Estes
Geography
Cropland expansion is expected to increase across sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries in the next thirty years to meet growing food needs across the continent. These land transformations will have cascading social and ecological impacts that can be monitored using novel Earth observation techniques that produce datasets complementary to national cropland surveys. In this study, we present a flexible Bayesian data synthesis workflow on Google Earth Engine (GEE) that can be used to fuse optical and synthetic aperture radar data and demonstrate its ability to track agricultural change at national scales. We adapted the previously developed Bayesian Updating of Land Cover …
