Nursing Midwifery Commons^™

Clinical Application Of Nightingale’S Environmental Theory, Shirin Rahim

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) the first nursing theorist and the first one to lay the foundation of modern nursing has based her philosophy on spiritualism. Selanders (2010) quotes (Cook, 1913, Vol. 1, p. 15) in saying, that “She records in her diary an interaction with God at age 16 when He “called her to His service” (p.82). Her devotion towards God and her belief of spirituality was the foundation of almost all that Nightingale did as a nurse and for nursing profession. (Allighood and Tommy 2010). Nightingale has taken the same premise for her environmental theory. In this theory Nightingale (1860) …

Orientation For Increased Volunteer Effectiveness With Midwives For Haiti, Kelly Toner

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

This pilot study created a comprehensive orientation module to help Midwives for Haiti prepare volunteers to serve in the organization’s midwifery school in Haiti. The module was evaluated to assess its perceived effectiveness and) revise it to better fit volunteer needs. The volunteers completed the module prior to their trip to Haiti and then completed an evaluation survey upon return; only three volunteers completed the entire pilot study process. Two out of three responded that the orientation fully prepared them for their time abroad. Other comments included the need for (a) additional emphasis on basic math and drip rate calculations, …

Prevalence And Factors Associated With Maternal Postpartum Haemorrhage In Khyber Agency, Pakistan, N Gani, Tazeen S. Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the main causes of maternal mortality globally. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PPH and identify factors associated with PPH in Khyber Agency, Pakistan.
Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional study design was selected to estimate the prevalence and associated factors for PPH among married women aged 15–49 years, residing in the Khyber Agency, FATA, Pakistan. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was adapted with some modifications to interview 1,000 women.
Results: Prevalence of PPH was 21.3% in the study population. Factors associated with PPH were age, number of pregnancies, …

Intimate Partner Violence And Mental Health Effects: A Population-Based Study Among Married Women In Karachi, Pakistan, Tazeen S. Ali, Ingrid Mogren, Gunilla Krantz

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized all over the world for its association with mental health problems in women. In Pakistan, such violence occurs commonly, but detailed information on mental health effects is scarce. The purpose of this study is to focused on married couples in urban Karachi to investigate mental health effects associated with physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated by husbands towards wives. Disclosure rates and health care-seeking behaviour were also investigated.
Method: This cross-sectional study involved 759 women between the ages of 25 and 60 years, selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The women …

Women's Health: An Achievable Goal For Public Health Nursing In Pakistan, Samina Vertejee, Noureen Nasruddin Karamali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Monsoons of 2010; left devastated effects in Pakistan; it wiped away thousands of houses and damaged health infrastructure. The national and international communities rescued Internally Displaced People (IDP). Alongside the other health professionals' Public health nurses (PHN) were instrumental in assisting IDPs. This is a case study of a 30 year old postnatal woman; who sustained an injury on her right breast and developed an abscess in IDP camp. The client was assisted by the team of public health nurses by timely referral to undergo incision and drainage for appropriate management. Moreover, post procedure follow-up assisted the woman in wound …

Prevalence Of Perceived Heavy Postpartum Hemorrhage And Its Associated Factors Among Married Mothers In Squatter Settlements Of Karachi, Tazeen S. Ali, Fazal Ather

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objectives; To estimate the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and identify its associated factors among the married women of 15-49 years, residingin the Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was carried out in five squatter settlements of Karachi during 2000-2001. Information was collected regarding age, gravida, education, antenatal, natal and postnatal care, with perceived puerperal morbidities from 525 mothers, who were in their 42nd to 56th post delivery day. Univariate and multivariate analyses were computed using multiple logistic regression method. Results: The estimated prevalence for perceived PPH was 7.24%. Three hundred and ninety six (75.4 %) women received ante-natal …

Self-Management Education Interventions For Persons With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis, Haiou Zou, Zheng Li, Marie T Nolan, David Arthur, Hongxing Wang, Lili Hu

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Although self-management education programs for persons with schizophrenia are being developed and advocated, uncertainty about their overall effectiveness remains. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine outcomes of self-management education interventions in persons with schizophrenia. Six electronic databases were searched. Manual searches were conducted of the reference lists of the identified studies and major psychiatric journals. Randomized controlled trials of self-management education interventions aimed at reducing relapse and hospital readmissions, as well as improving symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and adherence to medication treatment were identified. Data were extracted and the quality of included studies were rated by two authors independently. …

The Factors That Influence Duration Of Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Mixed Methods Design, Roxanne K. Bowman

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

Breastfeeding is the gold standard of infant feeding and its benefits extend beyond the mother and child. Multiple organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life. Exclusive breastfeeding rates nationally and in the state of Kentucky fall below the Healthy People 2020 goals. A mother’s intention to breastfeed has been shown to impact actual breastfeeding behavior. The current state of the measurement of intention was explored through a literature review. A majority of the measures were single item scales. The reliability and validity of the scales should be further tested in diverse populations.

The purposes …

Papanicoloau Smear Uptake Among Substance-Using Mothers In Western Australia, Sadie Geraghty, Sara J. Bayes, Renate Mclaurin, Angela O'Connor

Research outputs 2013

Background: Papanicoloau (Pap) smear screening has helped to reduce cervical cancer rates significantly through the detection of premalignant cells (Bray et al, 2005). Uptake among women who use alcohol and other drugs (AOD) is known to be low (Chau et al, 2002) so they are at increased risk of being under-represented in the adequately screened population. AOD-using women experience disproportionately increased morbidity and mortality from cervical dysplasia and cancer (Nogara et al, 2013). Pregnancy may provide the midwife an opportunity to offer this vital screening test.

Objective: The audit investigated Pap smear uptake and results among AOD-using pregnant women.

Setting: …

Media Created Violence: A Social Determinant Of Mental Health., Shamshad Begum, Shaneela Sadruddin Khowaja, Gulnar Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

In today's high technological world, scientific discoveries contribute remarkable development to human life, but it could also have an adverse impact on mankind. Among all these advancements, media is one of the inventions which aims at capturing a countless group of viewers and transmit information via various mediums. Media violence is considered one of the hampering determinants which harms an individual psychologically. The primary goal of a health professional is to work for the maintenance of mental health. Therefore, it is imperative to create an understanding about the impact of media violence on mental health, particularly in the Pakistani context. …

Factors Associated With Stress Among Adolescents In The City Of Nawabshah, Pakistan, Yasmin Parpio, Salima Farooq, Saleema A. Gulzar, Ambreen Tharani, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Fawad Javed

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objective: To identify the risk factors of stress among school-going adolescents in rural Nawabshah, Pakistan.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2005, comprising 800 school-going children of 10-16 years of age in Nawabshah, through simple random sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire to assess the potential risk factors of stress. A modified version of Perceived stress scale was utilized to measure stress level. SPSS 12 was used for statistical analysis, while multiple linear regression analysis was run to identify the factors associated with stress in the study population.
Results: Of the total, 529 (66%) children belonged to …

Women Trafficking: Causes, Concerns, Care!, Shaneela Sadaruddin Khowaja, Ambreen Tharani, Ajmal Agha, Rozina Karmaliani Professor

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Pakistan is both a country of origin and destination as far as women trafficking is concerned. Poverty, gender discrimination, lack of education, and ignorance about legal rights are some of the underlying causes. Available data suggest several areas of concern, like, for instance: direct health effects, maladaptive coping leading to the use of illicit drugs, and inaccessibility to healthcare facilities. Therefore, numerous interventions would be required at three levels: the prevention of trafficking, the protection of victims and the prosecution of the traffickers.

Assessment Of Knowledge, Skill And Attitude Of Oncology Nurses In Chemotherapy Administration In Tertiary Hospital Pakistan., Najma Khan, Khurshid Zulfiqar Ali Khowaja, Tazeen Saeed Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objective:

To measure the levels of nurse’s knowledge and attitude after the conduct of education session regarding chemotherapy administration and management.

Methodology:

This research study was conducted at two oncology units of tertiary Hospital Rawalpindi. A prepost test intervention study design was used on 35 nurses by using Verity’s tools.

Results:

The mean scores of knowledge were calculated by Cochran’s Q test showed that knowledge scores have significantly increased with ‘educational training’ (p value < 0.001). The difference in the attitude of the nurses was not found to be statistically significant in repeated measure of ANOVA.

Conclusion:

The results show that knowledge is the weakest component and attitude is strongest component of oncology nurses ‘competencies in chemotherapy administration.

Delivering Quality Care: The Roles And Future Of Midwives In Southern California, Abigail Jones

Scripps Senior Theses

The United States is ranked 27^th in the world for maternal mortality, yet spends twice as much on maternity care services as countries with better maternal health indicators. Stuck in a technocratic and physician-dominated maternity care system, the U.S. depends on expensive technologies to control birth out of fear of pain and litigation, costing Americans billions of dollars and depriving women of the opportunity to have a transformative birth experience. Through an analysis of the medicalization of birth and the current biomedical model in birth, in conjunction with open-ended interviews with 5 hospital midwives and 3 homebirth midwives, the …

Hidden Voices Of Hermaphrodites, Zohra Asif Jetha, Nasreen Sulaiman Lalani, Gulnar Akber Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Gender is a psychological component which is given by the society to a person, while sex is a biological component which is awarded by the God. However, there are certain conditions in which the biological aspects are put to challenge with the social and psychological aspects of gender. Hermaphrodites are a third gender role, who is neither male or female man nor woman but contains the element of both. One may question that if they are neither male nor female then who they are and whether they are equally treated in our society. Looking at the challenges faced by hermaphrodites, …

Provider Variations In Cesarean Section (Cs) And Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (Vbac) Practice, Rita Elizabeth Marrero

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics (2010) report that nearly one-third of babies were born by Cesarean section (CS) in 2007. Of interest, six states, including Nevada, experienced increases of more than 70% in the last 10 years (CDC, 2007). Based on the increased rate of CS deliveries, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a consensus panel in 2010, which urged the medical community to reduce barriers to women who want to try a vaginal birth after Cesarean delivery (VBAC) in the hope this would safely decrease the total CS rate. For clinicians …

Community Mental Health Services: A Way Forward To Rehabilitate Chronic Mentally Ill Client., Ambreen Tharani, Salima Farooq, Anila Naveed

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Schizophrenia and other mental illnesses produce devastating effects on a clients' personal and psychosocial wellbeing. Besides the sufferer, it has irrevocable impacts on the lives of their loved ones. With advancement in the treatment modalities, researches have proven that hospital based care and psychotropic drugs are not the sole solution in managing the client symptoms. Deinstitutionalization is the paradigm shift from hospital based to community based care model that allows client/s to spend rest of their lives in the community setting. A well-structured community care based programme that focuses on psychosocial interventions has significant contribution in treatment and rehabilitation of …

Ways Of Teaching: Striving To Enhance Student's Understanding In Classroom Setting, Zohra Asif Jetha, Shaneela Sadruddin Khowaja, Shamshad Begum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Learning is enhanced when instruction is being designed in-relation to students’ learning styles. Attention to learning styles and learner’s diversity has shown an increase students’ motivation towards learning. Effective teaching is defined as maximizing learner educational achievement, and teacher and student subject contentment. The key attributes of effective teaching are teacher’s preparation; knowledge on the subject; attitude; enthusiasm; and content clarity. Moreover, applying various theories of learning such as behaviorism, cognitivism and humanism are the effective ways to enhance students’ learning journey. Therefore, these effective teaching strategies should be promoted and encouraged in the real world of teaching.

Rapidly Progressive Periodontal Disease Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Khalid Al Hezaimi, Fawad Javed, Tazeen S. Ali, Mansour Al Askar, Abdulaziz Al Rasheed

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Severe periodontal inflammation with generalized dental plaque accumulation, spontaneous and severe gingival bleeding, fungal infection, and interdental papillae necrosis are presented in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Bite-wing radiographs revealed a generalized horizontal alveolar bone loss of 7-8 millimetres in both arches. Erythematous patches were noted on the gingival mucosa in both jaws. DNA testing was performed to indentify the periodontopathogens. The patient had no signs or symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This case-report presents the massive periodontal destruction that occurred in a patient infected with HIV. Therefore, it is highly recommended that patients infected with HIV …

Domestic Violence Against Infertile Women In Karachi, Pakistan, Neelofar Sami, Tazeen S. Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

This study investigates the prevalence of physical and psychological violence against infertile women in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 400 infertile women attending the selected infertility clinics in Karachi, Pakistan were interviewed using the to investigate their experiences of physical and psychological violence. Out of 400 infertile women, 278 (64%) reported to be the victims of violence during the last 12 months before they were interviewed. Nearly one quarter (23.1%) reported facing physical violence. All women reported their husbands and their family members to be the perpetrators. It is concluded that Clinicians should identify the abused women and provide them …