Mental and Social Health Commons^™

Mental Health Among Chicanos And Chicanas: Barriers To Mental Health Care, Consequences Of Disparities, And Resources, Roma A. Kankaria, Shaheer Alam, Ananya Udyaver, Alyssa Sievers

UROP Posters

Mexican Americans, or Chicanos and Chicanas, face many barriers to mental health care. This literature review was conducted by the Collective Corazón—a VCU student organization, mentored by Dr. Indira Sultanić, that addresses Latinx health equity through service and advocacy—in order to examine the underlying causes and consequences of disparities in mental health in Chicanos and Chicanas. Some of the barriers that affect mental health care in Mexican Americans are racial inequities and discrimination, the societal and/or cultural stigma associated with receiving care, language barriers, lack of health insurance, and legal status. Furthermore, among Chicanos, machismo culture is associated with an …

Beyond The Controversy: An Exploration Of Cultural Socialization Behaviors In Transracial Adoptive Families, Karmen Smith

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The voices of the families that have successfully raised transracially adopted children with a positive cultural identity are missing from the literature: “Further research is needed on adoption from the perspective of the adoptee” (Clark et al., 2006, p. 192). There are methodological shortcomings that inhibit our ability to definitively determine adjustment outcomes for this population. Such shortcomings, combined with a failure to address additional variables that influence outcomes, have left identified gaps in the research unaddressed. The purpose of this grounded theory study is to identify the cultural socialization behaviors that contributed to the development of the participant’s positive …

Changes In Study Approaches, Self-Efficacy, And Mental Health In Allied Healthcare Students During The Covid-19 Crisis, Elaina J. Dalomba, Tore Bonsaksen, Mary Jan Greer, Saji Mansur

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

There is growing concern about student mental health, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis. Mental health factors impact self-efficacy and study behaviors, thus there is a need to explore changes in these factors during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore changes in allied healthcare students’ approaches to studying, self-efficacy and positive mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis. The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, General Self-efficacy scale, Mental Health Continuum – Short Form were given to graduate students (n=26) prior to, and one year into the pandemic. Repeated measures analyses of variance were performed. …

Can Implicit Measures Augment Suicide Detection In Youth? The Feasibility And Acceptability Of The Death Implicit Association Test Among Pediatric Medical Impatients, Annabelle M. Mournet, Daniel S. Powell, Elizabeth C. Lanzillo, Sandra Mcbee-Strayer, Emory Bergdoll, Catherine R. Glenn, Alexander Millner, Maryland Pao, Matthew K. Nock, Lisa M. Horowitz, Jeffrey A. Bridge

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Medically ill youth are at increased suicide risk, necessitating early detection. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of administering the Death Implicit Association Test (Death IAT) to pediatric medical inpatients. Methods: Participants completed measures including the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) and the Death IAT. Results: Over 90% of participants found the Death IAT to be acceptable and more than 75% of participants were comfortable completing the task. There was a small, but statistically significant, improvement from pre-survey to post-survey reports of mood (t(174) = 3.02, p = 0.003, d = 0.15). Participants who endorsed a past suicide attempt …

Examining Emailed Feedback As Boosters After A College Drinking Intervention Among Fraternities And Sororities: Rationale And Protocol For A Remote Controlled Trial (Project Greek), Abby L. Braitman, Jennifer L. Shipley, Megan Strowger, Rachel Ayala Guzman, Alina Whiteside, Adrian J. Bravo, Kate B. Carey

Psychology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: College students involved in Greek life (ie, members of fraternities and sororities) tend to engage in more high-risk alcohol use and experience more negative consequences than those not involved in Greek life. Web-based alcohol interventions, such as Alcohol eCHECKUP TO GO, have been successful in reducing alcohol use and consequences among the general college student population, but interventions targeting alcohol reduction among those involved in Greek life have had limited success. Booster emails including personalized feedback regarding descriptive norms and protective behavioral strategies have shown potential in increasing the effectiveness of web-based interventions among college drinkers. Studies are needed …

Associations Between Body Dissatisfaction And Relationship Functioning Among Same-Sex Female Couples: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, Cassidy M. Sandoval, Kelly A. Romano, Kristin E. Heron, Charlotte A. Dawson, Tiphanie G. Sutton, Barbara A. Winstead, Robin J. Lewis

Psychology Faculty Publications

Nearly all past research about body dissatisfaction and romantic relationship factors is among heterosexual couples; little is known about these associations in sexual minority couples. The present study aimed to fill gaps in the current literature by using actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) to examine dyadic patterns of association between body dissatisfaction and different aspects of relationship functioning among same-sex female couples. Participants were 163 same-sex female romantic dyads (326 women) between the ages of 18-35 years who completed measures of body dissatisfaction and relationship factors. Results from significance testing of actor and partner effects indicated higher levels of women's own …

Fatigue In Aircraft Maintenance Technician Schools, Natalie Zimmermann, Peng Hao Wang, Keegan Pullen

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Fatigue has long been identified as a human factor in aviation. Subsequently, a series of studies have highlighted fatigue-related elements within the context of the aviation industry, focusing on the flight deck – with some extension to flight students – and aviation maintenance activities. However, the latter has not been as deeply examined as its flight crew-centered counterpart. Similarly – if not more significantly – fatigue experienced by aircraft maintenance technician (AMT) students is scarcely explored, especially in comparison to the research conducted to understand fatigue in flight schools. AMT students are subject to comparable, but not the same, experiences …

Comparison Of Schedules, Stress, Sleep Problems, Fatigue, Mental Health And Well-Being Of Low Cost And Network Carrier Pilots, Marion Venus

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Objective

This research investigates and compares working-conditions, duty rosters, stress, sleep problems, fatigue levels, mental health, and well-being of pilots working for network (NWCs), and low-cost carriers (LCCs). This study extends previous research by investigating working conditions, pilots’ actual rosters, fatigue and mental health of two groups of pilots flying for LCC or NWC.

Method

A comprehensive cross-sectional online survey was completed by N=338 pilots (185 NWC, 153 LCC pilots). All pilots reported their roster data of the last 2 months during peak flight season, psychosocial and work-related stress (e.g., high job insecurity, less total flight-experience, lower income, more time …

In- And Out-Group Effects On Social Perception And Empathy In Cocaine Use Disorder, Tatjana Aue, Ann-Kathrin Kexel, Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon, Stephanie Bührer, Markus R Baumgartner, Leila M Soravia, Boris B Quednow

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Earlier research revealed that cocaine users display impairments in emotional but not necessarily in cognitive empathy. However, no study to date has tested whether empathy is generally altered or whether impairments are restricted to specific social targets. The current investigation addresses this open question. In addition, we examined whether attributions of warmth and competence as well as personal future expectancies differed between cocaine users and substance-naïve controls. Twenty-two chronic cocaine users and 40 stimulant-naïve controls specified their perceived warmth and competence for four social targets [in-group member, opposite consumption out-group member (cocaine user for controls and non-user for cocaine user), …

Emotion Regulation, Parasympathetic Function, And Psychological Well-Being, Ryan L Brown, Michelle A Chen, Jensine Paoletti, Eva E Dicker, E Lydia Wu-Chung, Angie S Leroy, Marzieh Majd, Robert Suchting, Julian F Thayer, Christopher P Fagundes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The negative emotions generated following stressful life events can increase one's risk of depressive symptoms and promote higher levels of perceived stress. The process model of emotion regulation can help distinguish between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies to determine who may be at the greatest risk of worse psychological health across the lifespan. Heart rate variability (HRV) may affect these relationships as it indexes aspects of self-regulation, including emotion and behavioral regulation, that enable an individual to dynamically adapt to the changing demands of both internal and external environments. In this study, we expected individual differences in resting vagally …

Palliative Endoscopic Salvage Of A Functionally Obstructed Gastrojejunostomy - Report Of Technique, Elias A Chamely, Bryan Hoang, Nadim S Jafri, Melissa M Felinski, Kulvinder S Bajwa, Peter A Walker, Jaideep Barge, Erik B Wilson, Putao Cen, Shinil K Shah

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Gastric outlet obstruction secondary to foregut gastrointestinal malignancies can be managed with a variety of medical, endoscopic, and surgical options. Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy is an option for those patients who are able to tolerate an operation as a long-term palliative option. This operation may be associated with some significant postoperative technical and nontechnical complications, including delayed gastric emptying. This paper describes an incision-less, endoscopic option that we propose can be used to salvage a functionally obstructed gastrojejunostomy.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 57-year old male patient had a history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma causing gastric outlet obstruction and underwent a previously created surgical …

Dysphagia Is Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes In Geriatric Trauma Patients, Heather R Kregel, Mina Attia, Claudia Pedroza, David E Meyer, Michael W Wandling, Shah-Jahan M Dodwad, Charles E Wade, John A Harvin, Lillian S Kao, Thaddeus J Puzio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Dysphagia is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization in hospitalized patients, but studies on outcomes in geriatric trauma patients with dysphagia are limited. We hypothesized that geriatric trauma patients with dysphagia would have worse clinical outcomes compared with those without dysphagia.

METHODS: Patients with and without dysphagia were compared in a single-center retrospective cohort study of trauma patients aged ≥65 years admitted in 2019. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, discharge destination, and unplanned ICU admission. Multivariable regression analyses and Bayesian analyses adjusted for age, …

Renal Disease And The Heart, Hassan N Ibrahim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Structure Of The Hsp110:Hsc70 Nucleotide Exchange Machine, Yusra Ahmed, Jeremy Miciak, W Pat Taylor, David J Francis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We evaluate the direct and inferential mediation (DIME) model for reading comprehension with a sample of struggling readers in Grades 3 to 5 (N = 364) in the context of a large-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating two theoretically distinct reading interventions (text processing + foundational skills [n = 117] or text processing only [n = 120]) and a control condition (n = 127). We investigate whether the intervention affects not just reading comprehension levels, but also how variables within the reading system interrelate. This approach allows the focus to shift from intervention as influencing a …

Novel Oppositional Defiant Disorder 6 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury In Children And Adolescents, Daniel S Lowet, Anish Kolan, Florin Vaida, John R Hesselink, Harvey S Levin, Linda Ewing-Cobbs, Russell J Schachar, Sandra B Chapman, Erin D Bigler, Elisabeth A Wilde, Ann E Saunders, Tony T Yang, Olga Tymofiyeva, Hattan Arif, Jeffrey E Max

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The investigators aimed to assess predictive factors of novel oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among children and adolescents in the first 6 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

METHODS: Children ages 5-14 years who experienced a TBI were recruited from consecutive admissions to five hospitals. Testing of a biopsychosocial model that may elucidate the development of novel ODD included assessment soon after injury (baseline) of preinjury characteristics, including psychiatric disorders, adaptive function, family function, psychosocial adversity, family psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, injury severity, and postinjury processing speed (which may be a proxy for brain injury). MRI analyses were also conducted …

Circadian Stabilization Loop: The Regulatory Hub And Therapeutic Target Promoting Circadian Resilience And Physiological Health, Eunju Kim, Seung-Hee Yoo, Zheng Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The circadian clock is a fundamental biological mechanism that orchestrates essential cellular and physiological processes to optimize fitness and health. The basic functional unit is the cell-autonomous oscillator, consisting of intersecting negative feedback loops. Whereas the core loop is primarily responsible for rhythm generation, auxiliary loops, most notably the secondary or stabilization loop, play pivotal roles to confer temporal precision and molecular robustness. The stabilization loop contains opposing nuclear receptor subfamilies REV-ERBs and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs), competing to modulate rhythmic expression of the basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (Bmal1) genes in the core loop as …

Detecting Primary Progressive Aphasia Atrophy Patterns: A Comparison Of Visual Assessment And Quantitative Neuroimaging Techniques, Stephanie Franczak, Jessica Pommy, Greta Minor, Chandler Zolliecoffer, Manav Bhalla, Mohit Agarwal, Andrew Nencka, Yang Wang, Andrew Klein, Darren O'Neill, Jude Henry, Glass Umfleet

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: There are now clinically available automated MRI analysis software programs that compare brain volumes of patients to a normative sample and provide

OBJECTIVE: To address this gap in the literature, we examined Neuroreader

METHODS: lvPPA or aMCI patients who underwent MRI with Neuroreader

RESULTS: Cohen's Kappa coefficients were significant in 10 of the 28 computations (

CONCLUSION: Overall, our results indicated moderate to low interrater reliability, and raters never agreed that left asymmetry was present. While lower

Sulfhemoglobinemia And Methemoglobinemia Following Acetaminophen Overdose, Justin A Seltzer, Irvan Bubic, Garret A Winkler, Nathan A Friedman, Jessica Bagby, Christian A Tomaszewski, Richard F Clark, Allyson Kreshak, Daniel R Lasoff

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Though acetaminophen overdoses are common, acetaminophen induced methemoglobinemia is rare and it is thought to be due to oxidative stress from reactive metabolites. However, few prior cases of sulfhemoglobinemia in the setting of acetaminophen overdose have been reported. We report a case of mixed methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia in the setting of a large, isolated acetaminophen ingestion.

CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old African American male presented after intentionally ingesting 50 tablets of 500 mg acetaminophen two days prior. He was cyanotic and tachypneic. Peripheral oxygen saturation was 78 % on room air and minimally improved with high-flow oxygen. He was noted …

Distinguish Bipolar And Major Depressive Disorder In Adolescents Based On Multimodal Neuroimaging: Results From The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Stud, Yujun Liu, Kai Chen, Yangyang Luo, Jiqiu Wu, Qu Xiang, Li Peng, Jian Zhang, Weiling Zhao, Mingliang Li, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in adolescents are prevalent and are associated with cognitive impairment, executive dysfunction, and increased mortality. Early intervention in the initial stages of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder can significantly improve personal health.

METHODS: We collected 309 samples from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, including 116 adolescents with bipolar disorder, 64 adolescents with major depressive disorder, and 129 healthy adolescents, and employed a support vector machine to develop classification models for identification. We developed a multimodal model, which combined functional connectivity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and four anatomical measures of …

สุขภาวะทางจิตและการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเองของเด็กและเยาวชนในศูนย์ฝึกและอบรมเด็กและเยาวชนบ้านกาญจนาภิเษก, ปพนพัชร์ ชัยศิริวิกรม

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยชิ้นนี้เป็นการศึกษากลุ่มเด็กและเยาวชนภายในศูนย์ฝึกและอบรมเด็กและเยาวชน โดยดำเนินการศึกษาเชิงพรรณนา ณ ช่วงเวลาใดเวลาหนึ่ง เพื่อศึกษาเกี่ยวกับสุขภาวะทางจิตและการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเอง ความเกี่ยวข้องกันของสุขภาวะทางจิตและการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเอง รวมถึงปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องของสุขภาวะทางจิตและการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเองของเยาวชนในศูนย์ฝึกและอบรมเด็กและเยาวชนบ้านกาญจนาภิเษกซึ่งเป็นเพศชายทั้งหมดจำนวน 52 คน ดำเนินการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบสอบถามข้อมูลพื้นฐานทั่วไป แบบประเมินสุขภาวะทางจิต และแบบประเมินการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเอง วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติเชิงพรรณนาและสถิติเชิงอนุมาน ทั้งนี้ผลการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลพบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างส่วนใหญ่มีสุขภาวะทางจิตและการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเองระดับปานกลางคือร้อยละ 48.1 และร้อยละ 65.4 ตามลำดับ พบคะแนนของสุขภาวะทางจิตและคะแนนการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเองของกลุ่มตัวอย่างมีความเกี่ยวข้องสัมพันธ์กันในทางบวกระดับสูงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (r=.740, p<0.01) และพบว่าปัจจัยเกี ่ยวกับการมีแบบอย่างที ่ดีในปัจจุบันมี นัยสำคัญทางสถิติที ่เกี ่ยวข้องกับสุขภาวะทางจิต (p<0.05) โดยเป็นปัจจัยเดียวที ่เกี ่ยวข้องกับสุข ภาวะทางจิตอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ภายหลังจากการวิเคราะห์ถดถอยลอจิสติกยังคงพบนัยสำคัญทาง สถิติในการทำนายระดับสุขภาวะทางจิต (B=-1.402, p<0.05) แต่ทว่าไม่พบปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการ เห็นคุณค่าในตนเองของกลุ ่มตัวอย่างในครั ้งนี้ ผลจากการศึกษานี ้สามารถเป็นแนวทางในการดูแล และส่งเสริมเด็กและเยาวชนภายในศูนย์แห่งนี ้ให้มีสุขภาวะทางจิตและการเห็นคุณค่าในตนเอง เพิ่มขึ้นในอนาคต