Urban Studies and Planning Commons^™

Tribal Lands Population Projections: Celilo Village & Grande Ronde, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Huda Alkitkat, Suniva Thangaraj, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

To achieve more affordable, fair, and equitable outcomes in the housing planning process, the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and Oregon Housing and Community Services developed a plan to address past and ongoing obstacles to access to affordable housing. This plan incorporated population projections with detail by age, race/ethnicity, and disability status, and for American Indian tribal lands with which to make a more detailed assessment of housing access and future housing needs. This report, prepared by the Portland State University Population Research Center, includes updates to previously published forecasts for the Grand Ronde Community and Celilo Village.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Clatsop County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Suniva Thangaraj, Huda Alkitkat, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Clatsop County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Washington County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Suniva Thangaraj, Huda Alkitkat, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Washington County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Wasco County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Suniva Thangaraj, Huda Alkitkat, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Wasco County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Clackamas County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Huda Alkitkat, Suniva Thangaraj, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Clackamas County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Columbia County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Suniva Thangaraj, Huda Alkitkat, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Columbia County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Yamhill County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Huda Alkitkat, Suniva Thangaraj, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Yamhill County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Multnomah County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Suniva Thangaraj, Huda Alkitkat, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Multnomah County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Hood River County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Huda Alkitkat, Suniva Thangaraj, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Columbia County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Tillamook County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2024-2074, Neal Marquez, Ethan Sharygin, Huda Alkitkat, Suniva Thangaraj, Gilbert Montcho, David Swanson, Joshua Wilde

Oregon Population Forecast Program

This report for population forecasts for Tillamook County was made in compliance with Oregon House Bill 2253 relating to population forecasts for land use planning. Portland State University Population Research Center is tasked with creating population projections for all Oregon counties except Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington as well as population forecasts for all Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs), except for the Metro area UGB. These population forecasts are generated using standardized demographic methods with input and feedback from county, city, and other local stakeholders.

Coordinated Population Forecast For Lincoln County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2021 – 2071, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Cindy Chen, Ethan Sharygin, Paul Runge, Kevin Rancik, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson, Huda Alkitkat

Oregon Population Forecast Program

How to Read this Report

This report should be read with reference to the documents listed below, which are downloadable on the Forecast Program website (https://www.pdx.edu/population-research/population-forecasts).

• Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts: Provides a detailed description and discussion of the forecast methods employed. This document also describes the assumptions that feed into these methods and determine the forecast output.

• Forecast Tables: Provides complete tables of population forecast numbers by county and all sub‐areas within each county for each five‐year interval of the forecast period (2021‐2071).

County Summary:

Lincoln County’s seat, Newport, is Oregon's secondary fishing port …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Lane County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2021 – 2071, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Cindy Chen, Ethan Sharygin, Paul Runge, Kevin Rancik, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson, Huda Alkitkat

Oregon Population Forecast Program

How to Read this Report

This report should be read with reference to the documents listed below, which are downloadable as supplemental files below.

• Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts: Provides a detailed description and discussion of the forecast methods employed. This document also describes the assumptions that feed into these methods and determine the forecast output.

• Forecast Tables: Provides complete tables of population forecast numbers by county and all sub‐ areas within each county for each five‐year interval of the forecast period (2021‐2071).

County Summary:

Lane County's growth centers around the Eugene/Springfield metropolitan statistical area …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Benton County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2021 – 2071, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Cindy Chen, Ethan Sharygin, Paul Runge, Kevin Rancik, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson, Huda Alkitkat

Oregon Population Forecast Program

How to Read this Report

This report should be read with reference to the documents listed below, which are downloadable as supplemental files below.

• Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts: Provides a detailed description and discussion of the forecast methods employed. This document also describes the assumptions that feed into these methods and determine the forecast output.

• Forecast Tables: Provides complete tables of population forecast numbers by county and all sub‐ areas within each county for each five‐year interval of the forecast period (2021‐2071).

County Summary

Corvallis has a vacancy between 3 and 5%. The city …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Polk County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2021 – 2071, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Cindy Chen, Ethan Sharygin, Paul Runge, Kevin Rancik, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson, Huda Alkitkat

Oregon Population Forecast Program

How to Read this Report

This report should be read with reference to the documents listed below, which are downloadable on the Forecast Program website (https://www.pdx.edu/population-research/population-forecasts).

• Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts: Provides a detailed description and discussion of the forecast methods employed. This document also describes the assumptions that feed into these methods and determine the forecast output.

• Forecast Tables: Provides complete tables of population forecast numbers by county and all sub‐areas within each county for each five‐year interval of the forecast period (2021‐2071).

Polk County has roughly 84,000 people in 2020. The economic base …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Marion County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2021 – 2071, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Cindy Chen, Ethan Sharygin, Paul Runge, Kevin Rancik, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson, Huda Alkitkat

Oregon Population Forecast Program

How to Read this Report

This report should be read with reference to the documents listed below, which are downloadable on the Forecast Program website (https://www.pdx.edu/population-research/population-forecasts).

• Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts: Provides a detailed description and discussion of the forecast methods employed. This document also describes the assumptions that feed into these methods and determine the forecast output.

• Forecast Tables: Provides complete tables of population forecast numbers by county and all sub‐areas within each county for each five‐year interval of the forecast period (2021‐2071).

County Summary:

Marion county's economic base is government, agriculture, food processing, …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Linn County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2021 – 2071, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Cindy Chen, Ethan Sharygin, Paul Runge, Kevin Rancik, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson, Huda Alkitkat

Oregon Population Forecast Program

How to Read this Report

This report should be read with reference to the documents listed below, which are downloadable on the Forecast Program website (https://www.pdx.edu/population-research/population-forecasts).

• Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts: Provides a detailed description and discussion of the forecast methods employed. This document also describes the assumptions that feed into these methods and determine the forecast output.

• Forecast Tables: Provides complete tables of population forecast numbers by county and all sub‐areas within each county for each five‐year interval of the forecast period (2021‐2071).

Linn County’s seat is Albany, a 15–20-minute drive from Corvallis and …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Clackamas County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different areas within Oregon counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Clackamas County is comprised of three types of areas: areas within Metro’s jurisdiction, UGB areas outside of Metro’s jurisdiction (Barlow, Canby, Estacada, Molalla, and Sandy), and areas outside of both Metro and those UGBs. In this report, we focus on Clackamas County as a whole as well as non‐ Metro sub‐areas.

Clackamas County’s total population has grown steadily over the last half century, with average annual growth rates exceeding 1 percent in every period except during Oregon’s deep 1980s recession and the …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Yamhill County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different areas within Oregon counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Yamhill County is comprised of two types of areas: its urban‐growth boundary (UGB) areas (Amity, Carlton, Dayton, Dundee, the portions of Gaston within Yamhill County, Lafayette, McMinnville, Newberg, Sheridan, the portions of Willamina within Yamhill County, and the City of Yamhill) and the area outside of those UGBs.

Yamhill County’s total population increased during the 2000s, growing at an average of 1.6 percent annually (see Figure 1). Small sub‐areas in northeastern Yamhill County—such as Carlton, Gaston, Lafayette, and Yamhill—experienced faster population growth …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Washington County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different areas within Oregon counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Washington County is comprised of three types of areas: areas within Metro’s jurisdiction, urban‐growth boundary (UGB) areas outside of Metro’s jurisdiction (Banks, Gaston, and North Plains), and areas outside of Metro and those UGBs. In this report, we focus on Washington County as a whole as well as non‐Metro sub‐areas.

Washington County’s total population has grown swiftly over the last half century, only slowing modestly during Oregon’s deep 1980s recession. Since 1990, average annual growth rates have slowed from above 3 percent …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Clatsop County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different sub‐areas within Oregon’s counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Clatsop County is comprised of two types of sub‐areas: urban‐growth boundary (UGB) areas (Astoria, Cannon Beach, Gearhart, Seaside, and Warrenton) and areas outside of those UGBs. In this report, we describe demographic trends and forecasts for the county as a whole as well as its sub‐areas.

Clatsop County’s total population gradually increased in the 2000s (Figure 1). Some sub‐areas, such as Warrenton and Gearhart, experienced faster population growth, averaging between one and two percent growth annually. In contrast, Astoria lost population between …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Wasco County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different sub‐areas within Oregon’s counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Wasco County is comprised of two types of sub‐areas: urban‐growth boundary (UGB) areas (Antelope, Dufur, Maupin, Mosier, Shaniko, and The Dalles) and areas outside of those UGBs. In this report, we describe demographic trends and forecasts for the county as a whole as well as its sub‐areas.

Wasco County’s total population has grown slowly over the last half century. The exception to this trend was the tumultuous 1980s, related to both the deep recession that hit Oregon and to the sudden appearance, …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Tillamook County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different areas within Oregon counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Tillamook County is comprised of two types of areas: its urban‐growth boundary (UGB) areas (Bay City, Garibaldi, Manzanita, Nehalem, Rockaway Beach, Tillamook City, and Wheeler) and areas outside those UGBs.

Tillamook County’s total population gradually increased in the 2000s (Figure 1). Some subareas, such as Bay City, Manzanita, and Nehalem, experienced faster population growth than the county as a whole, averaging between one and three percent growth annually. In contrast, Rockaway Beach remained relatively unchanged between 2000 and 2010, and Garibaldi lost …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Hood River County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different sub‐areas within Oregon’s counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Hood River County is comprised of two types of sub‐areas: urban‐growth boundary (UGB) areas (Cascade Locks and the City of Hood River) and areas outside of those UGBs. In this report, we describe demographic trends and forecasts for the county as a whole as well as its sub‐areas.

Hood River County’s total population has grown steadily over the last half century, with average annual growth rates exceeding 1 percent in every period except during Oregon’s deep 1980s recession and the Great Recession …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Columbia County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2020-2070, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Paul Runge, Mac Cunningham, Deborah Loftus, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different areas within Oregon counties experience different growth patterns. Those patterns combine to collectively determine county‐level demographic changes. Columbia County is comprised of two types of areas: its urban‐growth boundary (UGB) areas (Clatskanie, Columbia City, Prescott, Rainier, Scappoose, St. Helens, and Vernonia) and areas outside those UGBs.

Columbia County’s total population steadily increased in the 2000s, growing at 1.3 percent annually (see Figure 1). Some sub‐areas—such as Columbia City, Scappoose, and St. Helens along the Columbia River Highway—experienced faster population growth than the county, averaging between two and three percent growth annually. In contrast, Prescott and Vernonia lost population, and …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Lane County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2019-2069, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Rhey Haggerty, Jason R. Jurjevich, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different parts of the County experience different growth patterns. Local trends within UGBs and the area outside them collectively influence population growth rates for the County as a whole. UGBs in Lane County include Cottage Grove, Eugene, Florence, Springfield, Coburg, Creswell, Dunes City, Junction City, Lowell, Oakridge, Veneta, and Westfir.

Lane County’s total population had minimal growth in the 2000s. However, population growth occurred at different rates across the County as some of the sub-areas experienced faster growth while others declined in population during this period.

The population growth that did occur in Lane County in the 2000s was largely …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Umatilla County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2019-2069, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Rhey Haggerty, Jason R. Jurjevich, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different parts of the County experience different growth patterns. Local trends within UGBs and the area outside them collectively influence population growth rates for the County as a whole. UGBs in Umatilla County include Adams, Athena, Echo, Helix, Hermiston, Milton-Freewater, Pendleton, Pilot Rock, Stanfield, Ukiah, the city of Umatilla, and Weston.

Umatilla County’s total population grew steadily in the 2000s; however, some of its sub-areas experienced faster population growth during this period. Lakeside, for example, posted the highest average annual growth rates at 2.2 percent during the 2000 to 2010 period.

The consistent population growth that did occur in Umatilla …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Grant County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2019-2069, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Rhey Haggerty, Jason R. Jurjevich, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different parts of the County experience different growth patterns. Local trends within UGBs and the area outside them collectively influence population growth rates for the County as a whole.

Grant County’s sub-areas include Canyon City, Dayville, Granite, John Day, Long Creek, Monument, Mount Vernon, Prairie City, and Seneca. Grant County’s total population declined slightly in the 2000s; however, some of its sub-areas experienced faster population growth during this period. Canyon City, Dayville, and Granite, for example, posted positive average annual growth rates during the 2000 to 2010 period.

The sporadic population growth that did occur in Grant County in the …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Wheeler County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2019-2069, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Rhey Haggerty, Jason R. Jurjevich, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different parts of the County experience different growth patterns. Local trends within UGBs and the area outside them collectively influence population growth rates for the County as a whole. UGBs in Wheeler County include Fossil, Mitchell, and Spray.

Wheeler County’s total population had minimal decline in the 2000s. However, some of its sub-areas did experience population growth during this period. Spray, for example, grew 1.6 percent on average annually during the 2000 to 2010 period.

The population decline in the 2000s stemmed from consistent natural decrease and stretches of net out-migration. An aging population not only led to an increase …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Sherman County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2019-2069, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Rhey Haggerty, Jason R. Jurjevich, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different parts of the County experience different growth patterns. Local trends within UGBs and the area outside them collectively influence population growth rates for the County as a whole. UGBs in Sherman County include Grass Valley, Moro, Rufus, and Wasco.

Sherman County’s total population declined the 2000s. Wasco was the only UGB to experience population growth, while all other UGBs declined between 0.4 and 0.7 percent. The area outside of the UGBs experienced a greater decline of 2.3 percent.

The population decline in 2000s was largely the result of net out-migration and periods of natural decrease. An aging population not …

Coordinated Population Forecast For Wallowa County, Its Urban Growth Boundaries (Ugb), And Area Outside Ugbs 2019-2069, Portland State University. Population Research Center, Nicholas Chun, Kevin Rancik, Rhey Haggerty, Jason R. Jurjevich, Charles Rynerson

Oregon Population Forecast Program

Different parts of the County experience different growth patterns. Local trends within UGBs and the area outside them collectively influence population growth rates for the County as a whole. UGBs in Wallowa include Enterprise, Joseph, Lostine, and the city of Wallowa.

Wallowa County’s total population had minimal decline in the 2000s; however, population change varied across sub-areas. Enterprise, for example, posted an average annual growth rate of 0.3 percent during the 2000 to 2010 period.

The population decline in the 2000s stemmed from a consistent natural decrease with sporadic stretches of net out-migation. An aging population not only led to …