Sports Studies Commons^™

Differentiation Of Social Marketing And Cause-Related Marketing In Us Professional Sport, Jennifer Renee Pharr, Nancy L. Lough

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Several studies have focused on cause-related sport marketing (CRM), yet few have examined social marketing in sport. The purpose of this study was to show how both are unique strategies employed in sport to achieve corporate social responsibility. A qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyze the outreach programs of the NBA, NFL, NHL, and MLB as described on each website. A directed content analysis was used to categorize outreach programs as CRM, social marketing, or other community outreach based on five variables that differentiate each strategy. Forty three programs were evaluated. Twenty two (51.2%) were categorized as social marketing, …

An Empirical Examination Of University Intercollegiate Athletic Expenditures, Jeffrey L. Stinson, Adam Marquardt, Joshua Chandley

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Business

To date, little empirical work has examined the institutional returns associated with athletic program investments. While intangible brand effects are commonly cited, such as athletics serving as the perceptual “front porch” of the institution, direct examination of the effects of athletic programs has often been narrow in scope. Within this study, we assess the contributions of investment in athletics as compared to other areas of institutional investment, on important institutional outcomes. Data for the study was collected from two datasets, the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the Equity in Athletics dataset. Fixed effects models for NCAA Football Bowl …

Metta, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

Maybe I missed the memo. Perhaps I wasn’t paying close enough attention. Or somehow it wasn’t big enough news in London. Whatever the case may be, I was a startled when I read recently that someone named Metta World Peace was playing basketball in the NBA for the Los Angeles Lakers. I remember World B. Free of the NBA and He Hate Me of the XFL, but Metta World Peace was a new one.

Ua12/2/1 Best Of The Hill, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Special awards edition of the College Heights Herald.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald - Graduation, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Special commencement edition of the College Heights Herald.

• Kimura, Alex. Not Knowing Your Future Isn’t So Bad – Student Government Association
• Honor College Graduates
• Congratulations Biology Graduates!
• Jury, Tyler. Find Something You are Passionate About & Pursue It with Diligence – Spirit Masters
• Wittenborn, Ashley. Gain as Much Experience as You Can Soak Up Every Moment - Talisman
• Johnson, Jasmine. Basketball Has Shaped My Life Probably More Than Anything Else Besides God
• Congratulations Graduates from the Management Department
• College of Health & Human Services Graduates
• Nguyen, Mario. They Cleaned Me Up & Outfitted Me with the Tools I Needed to …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 42, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Andrews, Mary. Tough Job Market Facing Spring Grads
• Rogers, Shelby & Natalie Hayden. Welcome to the Real World – Graduation
• Anderson, Anna. WKU Grads Find Work in Americorps
• Harrison, Blake. Aramark Likely to Stay Through 2017 – Dining Services
• Williams, Joanna. All Good Things Eventually Come to an End – Graduation
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon re: Graduation
• Harrison, Blake. Faces May Change, But the Spirit of WKU Remains the Same
• Sohl, John. The Art of Apologies: Differing Without Defacing – Hilltoppers for Life
• 2011-2012 in Review
• Harrison, Taylor. Cory …

The Horizontal Translation In Discus Throwing, Andreas Maheras

Track and Field Faculty Publications

Experienced practitioners have always suggested that the discus thrower pivot/transition/balance well over the left foot during the turn in the back of the circle and attempt to move in a generally straight line across the circle. One of the reasons for this has to do with the proper generation of forward linear momentum and the horizontal velocity of the system’s center of mass.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 41, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Rutledge, Chris. John Carpenter Coming to WKU Film Festival
• McKay, Michael. Cancer Never Sleeps – Relay for Life
• Koch, Cameron. Less Research, More Teaching Track Offered – Faculty
• Mack, Shelby. Best Buddies
• O’Bryan, Abby. A Thousand Words – Brettne Vasek
• Koch, Cameron. Gary Ransdell’s Report Reminds Regents of Tough Budget
• Rogers, Shelby. Unique Fundraiser Hopes to Raise $1K for United Way
• Marsupial Awards
• Fisk, Brent. Gary Ransdell’s Actions Out of Line – Censorship, Free Speech
• Bozeman, Joshua. Hilltoppers for Life Display was Vandalized – Abortion
• Aulbach, Lucas. Weather Mars …

Factors Influencing Men’S Basketball Season Ticket Purchase, Jennifer Y. Mak, Steve Chen

Management Faculty Research

This study explored the men's basketball season ticket consumption behavior and identified the differences among marital status and those who brought children to the game. Using survey methodology, statistical analysis reveals that entertainment, sport involvement, team identification, and game attractiveness, are keys factors influencing men's basketball season ticket consumption. Married persons appreciate team identification and entertainment more than non-married individuals. Practical managerial implications and marketing-strategy suggestions are also included.

Marketing Pastimes: Comparing The Brand Strengths Of Real Madrid & The New York Yankees, Colin Wilson Powers

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

In March of 2012, Forbes Magazine ranked the most valuable brands in all of sports. Trailing only Manchester United’s $2.235 billion valuation, the next most valuable franchises are Spain’s Real Madrid of La Liga BBVA, and Major League Baseball’s New York Yankees. As the two of the three most dominant brands in all of sports, Real Madrid and the New York Yankees are frequently mentioned in the same context as one another, but rarely discussed through more extensive market research comparing their brand management strategies. By utilizing Kevin Keller’s acclaimed Customer-Based Brand Equity model, the relative strength of the brands …

Coaching Motivation, James Derella

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction

The ability to motivate athletes is one of the major requirements of being a good coach at any level. Collegiately it may even be more important because college athletes are trying to juggle so much in their life. Student athletes have to deal with schoolwork, practice, social life and other various demands that coaches, peers, individual and family members put on them. Student-athletes need to also weigh the options of trying to make sport a career or making sport a secondary option and making education. All educational institutions act politically correct and say that student-athletes are exactly that: students …

Perceptions Of Barriers That Inhibit African American Women And Adolescent Girls From Participation In Physical Activity, Sonya Daniels Walker

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study examined the barriers to leisure time physical activity for African American women and their adolescent daughters. Six mother-daughter dyads were interviewed who have access to physical activity opportunity. Three of the dyads participated in a follow-up focus group. A qualitative research design that utilized a grounded theory approach identified two themes for the women and two themes for the girls. Themes for the women include influence of culture and low physical activity IQ. Sub-themes of influence of culture are (a) hair and (b) body image. Sub-themes of low physical activity IQ are (a) mommy guilt, (b) perception of …

The Relationship Between Institutional, Departmental And Program-Specific Variables And The Academic Performance Of Division I Fbs Football Programs, Steven C. Eigenbrot

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study investigated the connection between the academic evaluation of Division I FBS football programs and the various social settings that influenced these student-athletes. These social settings were classified as: institutional, departmental and program-specific. The experience of the student-athlete is thought to be impacted by all three settings, creating applicability for social identity theory, which provides the theoretical framework of the study.

A Comparison Of High School Physical Education And Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps, Kathryn Anne Holt

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Physical education is recommended for its potential to promote and provide physical activity. However, in high school settings students can commonly participate in other specified physical activity related programs in lieu of physical education and these programs are referred to as physical education waivers. Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) is a common physical education waiver program. Although the criteria used to establish JROTC as a waiver program for physical education is unclear, anecdotally similar accrual of physical activity appears to be a main rationale. The primary purpose of this study was to examine student physical activity levels, lesson contexts, …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 40, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 39, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

The Perceived Level Of Enjoyment In Sports Violence: An Experiment Examining How Sports Commentary, Fanship, And Gender Affect Viewer Emotions, Sarah Vineyard

Graduate Research Symposium (2010 - 2017)

This poster presents the purpose, methods, and expected results of a current on-going study. The experiment’s main focus is to test the perceived level of enjoyment of viewers through an experiment that will examine how sports commentary, fanship, and gender affect their emotions while they watch various violent sports clips. These clips will feature both televised National Football League and National Hockey League videos. Through manipulation tests and a main study, videos, surveys, and detailed data collection will be implored. References regarding the current study are available upon request.

The Look Of The Line: An Empirical Investigation Of The Impacts Of Facial Symmetry On Salary Levels Of Offensive Linemen In The Nfl, Kristen Wampole

Business and Economics Honors Papers

Evaluation of a professional athlete's performance for the purposes of compensation determination is difficult, especially when decision making may not follow the expected "instrumental rationality." This paper will look to examine the factors, both productive and non-productive, impacting an Offensive Lineman's salary in the NFL. The purpose of this study is to determine whether an offensive lineman's salary is based on productive characteristics adhering to instrumental rationality, or whether the influence of non-productive characteristics influence salary as ultimately determined by team management. Results indicate that players within the tackle position with earning salaries in the seventy-fifth percentile gain additional benefits …

Summitt, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

From across the nation, from the world of basketball and the world of sport, the reaction to Pat Summitt relinquishing her position as head basketball coach at the University of Tennessee has been overwhelming in praise, admiration, and volume. Those who played for Summitt talked of the tremendous impact that she had on their lives, praising her as a coach and human being, often referring to her as a mother-figure. Those who knew her in other capacities talked about her strength in the face of adversity. This quality distinguished Pat Summitt throughout her career and not just in the past …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 38, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• McKay, Michael. Earth, Arbor Day Celebrations Start Friday
• McKay, Michael. Cemetery of the Innocent – Hilltoppers for Life, Abortion
• Duvall, Tessa. Programs for Minority Students Aid Retention
• Rutledge, Chris. Morning Teleportation Back to Bowling Green to Write Music
• Andrews, Mary. X Is for Xylophone – Daniel McKillip
• Williams, Joanna. Ain’t No Party Like a Safe Party – Shootings
• Editorial Cartoon re: Gary Ransdell Bobblehead Doll
• Simmons, Hannah. All Greeks Should Be Given Equal Coverage
• McKay, Michael. WKU Earns Green College Recognition Once Again
• Harrison, Taylor. Student Government Association Awarded …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 37, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Jenkins, Spencer. Police Search for Suspects in Shooting – Tevin Holliman, Ricardo Singh
• McKay, Michael. Sigma Chi’s Fight Night Canceled
• Hilbert, Hayley. Spring Sing
• Duvall, Tessa. South Campus Aids in Overall Diversity
• McKay, Michael. Gary Ransdell Bobbleheads to be Given at Baseball Game
• Randolph, Christian. A Thousand Words – Ali Miah
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon re: Earth Day
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle – Earth Day
• Sneath, Julie. Cut Salaries to Ease Tuition Hikes
• Hughey, Aaron. President Barak Obama & the Future of Higher Education
• Jenkins, Spencer. WKU Police Department: No …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 36, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Hayden, Natalie. WKU Begins Prepping for Accreditation Process
• Swanson, Kayla. Greek Week to Promote Unification
• Alleyne, Zirconia. W is for Weight Trainer – Kaci Kleeman
• Koch, Cameron. Tuition Could Rise by 5 Percent
• Harrison, Taylor. Student Government Association’s Poorvie Patel to Lobby in Congress
• McKay, Michael. Relay for Life Event Brings People Together for Cancer Research
• Poole, Alex. Recent Article on Education Misses the Point
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon re: Georgia State University Pounce Trap
• Williams, Joanna. Finding a Boost Toward the End of the Semester
• Alleyne, Zirconia. Student …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 35, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Swanson, Kayla. Golf Classic to Honor Late WKU Student Bradley Boling
• McKay, Michael. Fixin’ It Up – Bicycles
• Koch, Cameron. Students Pay Two Fees for Renovated Downing University Center
• Rutledge, Chris. Bowling Green-based Sleeper Agent Living Tour Life
• O’Bryan, Abby. A Thousand Words – Jasey Beckman, Holy Week
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon re: Student Government Association Magician
• Promising Future for Student Government Association
• Harrison, Taylor. Student Government Association Co-Sponsors International Night
• Harrison, Taylor. Student Government Association Organizes Events to Improve Campus
• Rogers, Shelby. Higher Standards Face Future Teachers
• Koch, …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 34, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• McKay, Michael. Downing University Center Makes Adjustments to Renovation
• Jenkins, Spencer. Stunned – University Police Academy
• Koch, Cameron. Enrollment Numbers Delay Budget Worries
• Hayden, Natalie. Triple-Amputee Iraq Veteran Inspires with His Sory – Bryan Anderson
• Justice, Maciena. V is for Violinist – Keith Pennington
• Blanford, Sidney. Michelle’s Consignment Boutique Provides Affordable Prom & Wedding Dresses
• McKay, Michael. WKU Wins Tree Award
• Williams, Joanna. Forging Our Identities Through Smart Phones
• Jean, Luke. Recent March Should Have Been More Publicized – Trayvon Martin
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon re: Mellow Mushroom
• Laves, …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 87, No. 33, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Harrison, Taylor. Cory Dodds Talks Student Government Association Plans for Next Semester
• Prochazka, Tyler. Marching for Trayvon Martin
• Rogers, Shelby. Series to Bring Tony Winner to WKU – Ntozake Shange
• McKay, Michael. New WKU Store Opens on Nashville Road
• Burton, Cooper. A Thousand Words – Samuel Hunt, WKU Chess Club
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon re: The Greeks: Philanthropy Edition
• Giving Back: Greek Philanthropy Across Campus Deserves Praise
• Counts, Chela. Rip the Runway Achieves Success – Black Student Alliance
• Andrews, Mary. WKU Highlights Growing Film Genre – WKU Film Festival …

Are Nfl Athletes Receiving Over-Valued Contracts?, Jason Scott

Honors Projects in Mathematics

Many sport research studies have been conducted that examine the performance of professional athletes and their corresponding effect on franchise winning percentages, team revenues, economic repercussions, performance-based compensation, and much more. Research in the National Football League, however, has been found to be somewhat limited due to the numerous possible positions and resulting vastness of position-specific variables. The NFL lockout in 2011 caused many to question the specific relationship between professional athlete performance and salary distribution. This study’s purpose was to find a collection of variables with which all NFL athletes could be compared, and to identify relationships existing between …

2012 Lindenwood University Spring Sports Schedule, Lindenwood University

Athletics Schedules

2012 Lindenwood University Spring Sports Schedule

Cost Of Winning: What Contributing Factors Play The Most Significant Roles In Increasing The Winning Percentage Of A Major League Baseball Team?, Patrick Tartaro

Honors Projects in Finance

Over the past decade, discussions of competition disparity in Major League Baseball have been brought to the forefront of many debates regarding the sport. The belief that "large market" teams such as the New York Yankees buy their championships through acquiring star talent at high prices has become a common belief of many followers of the game. This research will answer the pressing question, "What are the most significant factors that correlate to a Major League Baseball Team’s winning percentage?”. I used stepwise regression to identify factors significantly related to winning percentage. Interestingly enough, payroll is not a significant factor …

Ua77/1 Wku Spirit, Wku Alumni Relations

WKU Administration Documents

WKU's alumni magazine. Contents:

• Ransdell, Gary. President’s Letter
• Your Legacy – Frank Myers
• Gary Ransdell Attends Confucius Institute Conference, Visits Chinese Universities
• Talisman, WKU’s Yearbook, Receives 13^th National Pacemaker Award
• WKU, Elizabethtown Community & Technical College Expand Partnership
• Enrollment at WKU Passes 21,000 Sets Record for 14^th Consecutive Year
• Cheryl Stevens Named Dean of Ogden College of Science & Engineering
• WKYU-PBS Receives Grant for Digital Studio, Control Room Equipment
• WKU Public Relations Program Earns Renewal of International Certificate
• 5 Gatton Academy of Mathematics & Science Students National Semifinalists in Siemens Competition
• Ray Harper Tapped as Full-Time WKU Head …

Magic And Superstition In Baseball In Taiwan: An Examination Of The Puyama Aborigines’ Use Of The Betel Nut, Junwei Yu

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Much work has been published on the place of rituals in numerous areas of life with reference both to general activities and, more specifically, to sport. As yet, however, there has been no significant study of the use of magic by and on behalf of players in Taiwan where baseball can legitimately be described as the national sport. This article seeks to fill that void by focusing in particular on the practices of the island’s Puyama aboriginal people and the use of the betel nut to cast spells on opponents. The data for this study were collected during two research …