Sports Studies Commons^™

A Study Of The Relationship Between Mental Toughness And Success In College Basketball, Nathan T. Oakland

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Mental toughness has been viewed as a vital attribute and characteristic in the world of athletics since the beginning of sport. Mental Toughness began to gain notoriety in the public forum however, when Vince Lombardi won Super Bowl I in 1967 as the Head Coach of the Green Bay Packers. Coaches and athletes alike often speak of mental toughness and its importance, though in the world of athletics, the challenge has been the overall lack of a sound definition of mental toughness. Until recently, research has been sparse on the topic which has led to confusion and misunderstanding of mental …

A Descriptive Study Of The Leadership Behaviors Of Ncaa Division I And Ii Head Basketball Coaches As They Pertain To The Path-Goal Theory, Troy Curtis Muilenburg

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine perceived leadership behaviors of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and II men's basketball head coaches. Specifically, this study examined the training and instruction, social support, and positive feedback behaviors as assessed using the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) (Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980). A secondary purpose was to examine potential relationships between these behaviors, win/loss percentages, and head coaching experience. Based on path-goal theory, it was hypothesized that the scores for the training and instruction, social support, and positive feedback behaviors would be high, and there would be a positive relationship …

Warren Reyerson And Mace Reyerson, Istc Football 1960 Season 50th Anniversary, Warren Reyerson, Mace Reyerson

Warren Reyerson and Mace Reyerson, ISTC Football 1960 Season 50th Anniversary

This collection consists of a PDF booklet created by Warren Reyerson celebrating the 1960 Iowa State Teachers College football team. The booklet is titled "ISTC 50 Anniversary Dream Season, 1960 - 2010," and it was intended to be a gift to the 1960 team. Warren Reyerson is the son of Mace Reyerson, an ISTC alumni and member of the 1960 football team. The booklet contains photographs, artwork, and text about the 1960 season and the 50th anniversary reunion for this team, which was held in September 2010. Text includes information about individual players, game narratives and statistics, rosters, schedules, and …

Burnout In Scholarship And Non-Scholarship Female College Swimmers, Kelly Mateas

Honors Program Theses

An emerging concern in the world of sports is burnout among amateur athletes. It is a major issue that must be addressed because some of the world’s best athletes are becoming victims to it. Not only is burnout affecting athletics, it is effecting the lives of those individuals who burn out and leave sports all together. Athletics help build a foundation of life skills such as communication, teamwork, leadership, and problem solving that athletes rely on daily. Sports provide a safe environment that can help keep the majority of participants out of trouble. It is important to have a better …

Recession, Unemployment, And Attendance At Major League Baseball Games, Bradley Joseph Shatek

Honors Program Theses

When a country experiences an economic downturn, as the United States has since late 2007, the negative effects are widespread. Workers are laid off, and households and firms spend less due to decreased income. In most industries, revenues and profits decline during recessions, and professional sports franchises may be no different. In a period of high unemployment, one would expect that consumers first cut back on recreation and entertainment. This study was designed to determine the impact of unemployment on one such entertainment activity, Major League Baseball games.

Perspectives Of Fitness And Health In College Men And Women, Jennifer J. Waldron, Rodney B. Dieser

Faculty Publications

Because many college students engage in low levels of physical activity, the current study used a qualitative framework to interview 11 college students to examine the meaning physically active college students assign to the practice of fitness and health. Students discussed the importance of healthy eating, but that it was difficult to accomplish at college. Additionally, students intertwined health and fitness with physical appearance and attractiveness. In particular, the media shaped many of their perceptions of health and fitness. Implications of these findings to policy making in higher education, in particular wellness programming, are highlighted.

A Need For Picture Books Showing Girls Playing Organized Team Sports, Lisa A. Heiden

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this project was to create a children's picture storybook depicting female characters participating in competitive team athletics. The book shows a young girl learning about the game of basketball and sharing the experience with her older sister. The researcher has a long history of athletic participation and a deep passion for sports. These experiences allowed the researcher to capture the essence of the sport of basketball and create a picture book for children that engages the reader and possibly encourages participation in athletics for children of various ages. The book gives young, athletic girls an early experience …

The Effects Of Sport And Physical Activity On Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder In Youth From Mass Trauma Populations, Sydney De Victoria-Michel

Honors Program Theses

This project will focus on the effects of exercise and sport on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be debilitating to those who suffer, and incredibly confusing when children are involved. Feelings of rage, anger, depression and anxiety can render individuals incapable of normal day-to-day activities. Traditional treatment options offer individual and group therapy in which the patients simply share their feelings and experiences. Although there have been a vast number of studies and texts published on PTSD sufferers using treatment based on psychotherapy, there has been little done to document effects of exercise and physical activity on PTSD. Despite …

Exploring The Relationship Between Parent Beliefs And Athletes' Perceptions: A Sport Commitment Approach, Heather M. Dewaard

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between parents' and gymnasts' perceptions on sport commitment constructs. The sport commitment model developed by Scanlan et al. (1993) provides a theoretical framework in which to explain why athletes participate. Two constructs in the sport commitment model, social constraints and support, represent the social influence factors which can be perceived as supportive or pressuring and may come from a variety of sources such as: parents, coaches, teachers, and peers. Parents tend to play an important role in their child's sport experiences (M.R. Weiss & Ferrer-Caja, 2002), and may influence an …

Season Long Evaluation Of Relationships Between Several Variables And Hitting Efficiency In Four Division I Volleyball Players, Patricia Raelyn Dietz

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Throughout a collegiate volleyball season game performance fluctuates game to game and even match to match. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between several anthropometric and independent variables and hitting efficiency in four Division I athletes. Subjects were four female Division I volleyball players who participate in a hitting position. Subjects were tested weekly on vertical jump approach height (VJ), reactive strength index (RSI) using an AMTI force plate, BM (BM), and body composition (BF%). Pearson product moment correlations showed no significant correlations between hitting efficiency and each of the indpendent [sic] variables for each individual or …

Differences In Junior High, High School, And College Coaches’ Self-Perceptions Of Behavior, Scott D. Salthun

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine coaches' self-perceptions of their competence in (a) training and instruction, (b) positive feedback, and (c) social support. Also, differences in coaches' gender, competitive level, leadership style, gender of athletes, age, and number of years coaching were investigated in relation to their self-perceptions. A modified questionnaire from Ipinmoroti (2002) was used as the instrument in this study. The questionnaire included three of the five subscales of the leadership scale for sport: (a) training and instruction, (b) positive feedback, and (c) social support. A total of 85 coaches participated in this study. A series …

An Analysis Of Coaching Efficacy In Volunteer Soccer Coaches, Christopher Lee Kowalski

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between five independent variables and volunteer soccer coaches' overall coaching efficacy as measured by motivation efficacy, character building efficacy, game strategy efficacy, and technique efficacy and five independent variables. The five independent variables explored included the age of a coach, a coach's gender, previous years of coaching experience, participation in a coaching training/licensing/certification program, and previous playing experience.

The study involved 69 participants who coached for the Cedar Valley Youth Soccer Association (CVYSA). The first part of the instrument used to measure coaching efficacy was a questionnaire discussing the various …

Relationship Between Playing Ability And Selected Performance And Physical Measures In High School Football Players, Timothy Scott Birkey

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

No abstract provided.

Legal Issues In Ncaa Intercollegiate Athletics, Craig Sanderson

Graduate Research Papers

This paper reviews legal issues related to NCAA intercollegiate athletics. More specifically, the paper will discuss Title IX, discrimination against student athletes with disabilities, drug testing, and other of today's highly publicized legal issues. Legal issues of smaller athletic associations such as the National Association of lntercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) are not addressed in this paper. Rather, the focus is on NCAA institutions, particularly large member institutions at which legal issues have surfaced.

Admissions Policies And Ethical Concerns Regarding Intercollegiate Athletics, W. Andrew Hlubek

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to examine admissions practices and processes at Division I colleges and universities, especially as they relate to special considerations and related ethical issues. First, I will review the history of abuses in athletic recruiting and attempts at reform. Second, I will provide more recent examples of abuses and reform attempts. Finally, I will provide data from an interview I conducted at a relatively large Midwestern Division I-A public university.

Training Variables Of Male And Female Collegiate Cross Country Runners, Kori J. Stoffregen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The primary purpose of the study was to describe training variables of the individuals and teams that participated in the 1995 Men's and Women's NCAA Division 1,11,111 Cross Country Championships. Subproblems in this study were (a) to determine the relationship between weekly mileage and training intensity and performance within and across all divisions and (b) to determine if the differences exist between selected training variables by performance tiers and divisions. A questionnaire developed by the investigator was used to gather information regarding weekly mileage, intensity, and duration the months of August, September, October, and November. The questionnaire was sent to …

An Investigation Of Women’S Motivational Factors To Run A Marathon, Michelle Roland

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to begin to understand what motivates women to participate in marathons. Twenty-seven Caucasian women enrolled in the "Seminar in Fitness and Mental Health" at a Midwest university answered the questionnaire (Motivations of Marathoners Scale Questionnaire). After participants completed the questionnaire a focus group interview was conducted with six participants. The Motivations of Marathoners Questionnaire was used to identify the participants' motives to run a marathon. The questionnaire contained 56 items distributed across nine scales. The scales included the following areas: health orientation, weight concern, self-esteem, life meaning, psychological coping, affiliation, recognition, competition, and personal …

Coaching Philosophy Differences Among Ncaa Division Iii Head Men’S Basketball Coaches, Mark J. Franzen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to describe the coaching philosophies of men's head basketball coaches at the NCAA Division III level in three areas: (a) coach's expectation of the athlete, (b) coach's role in the overall development of the athlete, and ( c) conditions believed essential to maximize team performance. All of the coaches in this study were from private institutions. A modified questionnaire from Eitzen and Pratt (1989) was used as the instrument in this study. The questionnaire pertained to three areas of coaching philosophy and was divided into three sections: ( a) coach's expectation of the athlete, …

Relationship Between Self-Esteem, Eating Behaviors, And Eating Attitudes Among Female Collegiate Swimmers, Melissa Ann Fey

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between self-esteem and eating behaviors/attitudes among female collegiate swimmers. Specifically, the relationship between self-esteem as measured by the Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and eating behaviors/attitudes as measured by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) (Gamer, Olmstead. Bohr. & Garfinkle. 1982) was determined for a purposive sample of female collegiate swimmers at the University of Northern Iowa. A total of 24 subjects completed self-report measures on self-esteem and eating behaviors/attitudes. Subjects' Body Mass Index was also assessed. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to examine the relationship among the scores on the Rosenburg …

The Predictive Effectiveness Of Previous Offensive Play Selections On Future Play Selections In College Football, Ross Michael Els

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The popularity of college football is indisputable. In 1987, over 350 million people attended NCAA football contests which pushed the three year attendance figure from 1985 to 1987 to over one billion. Because of this popularity, however, intense pressure to win has been placed on players, coaches and administrators. To confound the problem, offenses have grown in complexity since the early years of college football. To assist teams in preparing for upcoming opponents, coaching staffs view films of the opponent's previous games. The coaches gather information from the films and develop tendencies in hopes that the upcoming opponent will repeat …

Applying Student Development Theories To Intramural Sports Programming, Aaron L. Babcock

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to examine student development as it is currently related to participation in intramural sports. Intramural sports are defined and a brief history discussed. Next, applying student development theories to intramurals will be examined as well as implications for student affairs administrators. Finally, recommendations will be made for administrators to increase the student development potential of intramural sports programs.

Relationship Between Attempts, Goals Scored, And Time Of Ball Possession In Soccer, Charles Tachie Mensah

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the time of possession of the ball and the frequency of attempts/success at scoring goals in the game of soccer. Each of the 52 matches of the World Cup-- USA 1994 soccer tournament was viewed on video tape. Time of ball possession, attempts made, and success at scoring goals were recorded. The mean, median, and overall times of ball possession were calculated; scoring efficiency, total attempts, and number of ball possessions were determined for each team. A Pearson Product-Moment correlation was employed to ascertain the relationships among the variables …

Field Dependence-Independence And Sports With A Preponderance Of Closed Or Open Skills, Wenhao Liu

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The focus of much research on field dependence-independence in sport settings has been on the relationship of field dependence-independence to sports with a preponderance of closed or open skills since 1970s. Although most of the previous research supported the claim that field dependence is of greater advantage to sports with a preponderance of open skills and field independence an advantage to sports with a preponderance of closed skills, several studies provided inconsistent and contradictory results. In addition, few of those studies involved adequate sports and sample size and some used a different sport classification. Little comparison, if any, of field …

Female Aggression In Semi-Contact Sports, Karla Ann Sipple

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate female aggression in semi-contact sport. More specifically, two areas were examined: the types of aggression, hostile or instrumental, that occurred in girls basketball and soccer and the types of aggression that were committed within both sports. The subjects (N = 57) for this study were female athletes ( ages 15-18) who were sampled from various Midwestern high schools: basketball athletes (n = 32) and soccer athletes (n = 25). Subjects responded to a modified form of the Bredemeier Athletic Aggression Inventory (BAAGI-S). One way ANOVA's indicated non-significant differences for the …

Justifications Of Intentional Aggression In Sport, Joseph Kwame Mintah

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which athletes in selected contact and semi-contact sports commit intentional acts of violence during competition. A second purpose was to determine how athletes justify or rationalize the use of intentional violent behavior. The subjects (N = 85) for this study were all male athletes from one mid-western University (age 18-42): football athletes (n = 31), basketball athletes (n = 12), wrestling athletes (n = 14) and soccer athletes (n = 28). Subjects responded to a modified form of the Bredemeier Athletic Aggression Inventory (BAAGI) and a researcher generated questionnaire …

The Relationship Between Precompetition State Anxiety And Self-Efficacy Among Female Soccer Athletes, Pamela J. Schurott

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and precompetition state anxiety (A-state) in female soccer athletes. University of Colorado and University of Northern Iowa female soccer players (n = 17, n = 13, respectively) served as subjects in the study. Subjects responded to three questionnaires prior to a midseason soccer game. A subject information questionnaire requested personal and background information. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI2) measured cognitive A-state, somatic A-state, and self-confidence. Finally, the Soccer Self-Efficacy Scale (SSES) measured the self-efficacy of each subject regarding her specific soccer skills. UNI subjects also responded to …

Differences In Attributions Between College-Age Female Recreational Players And Scholarship Athletes, Leanne Rae Wagner

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of skill level on the attributions made by recreational players and scholarship athletes. The subjects consisted of volunteers from the general population of St. Ambrose University (n = 11) and the University of Northern Iowa intercollegiate volleyball team (n = 12). The subjects were asked to perform two individual skill tests. The scores from the skill tests were recorded but not used in the analysis. Performance feedback was manipulated to create a ·perception of success in one skill test and failure in the second skill test. After completing each of …

The Effect Of Life Stress On The Athletic Injuries Of Intercollegiate Wrestlers, Hari T. Paizis

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Researchers have been interested in the effect of life stress on athletic injuries for quite some time. Most researchers have shown a definite influence of life stress on injuries in team contact sports. On the other hand investigations dealing with non-contact team or individual sports have reported conflicting results. No research, however, has been done on individual contact sports in relation to the effect of life stress on athletic injury. The present investigation examined the effect of life stress on athletic injuries in two Division I wrestling teams during their respective seasons. The Social Athletic Readjustment Rating Scale (SARRS) was …

The Effects Of Sport Participation On Self-Concept Among Mentally Retarded Adolescent Athletes, Jennifer Denise Brookins

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sport participation on self-concept among mentally retarded adolescent athletes. It was also the intent of this investigation to contribute to an understanding of the relationship between self-concept and sport participation. It was hypothesized that sport participation improves self-concept among mentally retarded adolescent athletes.

Rosenberg's (1962) Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) (cited in Corcoran & Fisher, 1987) was administered to 12 mentally retarded adolescent athletes, aged 13-21. A pretest and posttest was given to the participants. Only 10 of the original 12 participants completed the posttest. The study was completed with 5 …

The Effects Of Ingested Carbonation On Oxygen Transport And Ventilation In Trained Distance Runners, Stacy Jean Ingraham

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of consumption of carbonated beverages on maximal aerobic capacity, as measured by maximal oxygen consumption (VO2MAX), and respiratory physiology, as measured by ventilation frequency (f), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen and carbon dioxide (O2VE, co2VE), expired minute ventilation (VE), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and tidal volume (VT).

Thirteen male high school, collegiate and post collegiate distance runners from the local community performed two maximal treadmill tests exactly one week apart, following two different fluid ingestion treatments. The subjects were randomly assigned to a carbonated beverage or noncarbonated …