Sports Studies Commons^™

The Impact Of The Anthem Protest Movement And Covid On Nfl Viewership, George W. Stone, Michael A. Jones, Kirsten Passyn

Atlantic Marketing Journal

This research is based on 3 different surveys conducted over several NFL football seasons. The first study investigated the impact of the Anthem Protest Movement on the attitude of NFL fans. The “Anthem Protest” reemerged during the 2020 season during the “lockdown” season associated with the COVID epidemic. Co-mingled with COVID and societal unrest, many analysts were predicting irreparable harm to the NFL’s once indomitable position as America’s favorite sport resulting from this confluence of events. Given the importance of the topic in terms of future NFL fan support, this report looks back over the last several NFL seasons to …

Characterizing And Categorizing The Essence Of Sport Consumption Behavior: A Thematic Analysis, Sid Terason

The Qualitative Report

Sport consumer decision making is a complex process in which an individual evaluates, acquires, uses, or disposes of sport products or services. This qualitative study aimed to identify, understand, and describe the essential characteristics of sport products consumption behavior among professional athletes in Thailand. In-depth interviewing was carried out on 25 professional athlete consumers who responded to semi-structured questions regarding their sport goods consumption. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts to describe the essential characteristics of the consumption and to identify overarching topics. Following social constructionism, three themes (i.e., acquisition, use, and disposal) were analyzed and eight categories (i.e., …

Ua12/2/1 Fit 2020, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special edition of the College Heights Herald regarding fitness, includes articles:

• Dees, Marshall. Nostalgic Fun for the Child in You
• Rock Steady, Rock Strong – Boxing
• Dowell, Macie. Red Towel Workouts
• Bowling Green Course Welcomes New Golfers – Bowling Green Parks & Recreation
• Get Out, Get Fit – Parks
• Gym Jams

Do Families That Tailgate Together Stay Together?, Meredith David, Luke C. Lorick

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Digital Transformation And Strategic Sponsorship: The Case Of Bbva, James Santomier, Sten Soderman, Reinhard Kunz

WCBT Faculty Publications

The overall purpose of this paper is to describe and explain the strategic sponsorship program of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) and, specifically, the partnership of its U.S. subsidiary, BBVA Compass (BBVAC), with the American National Basketball Association (NBA) using a case study method. This paper demonstrates how BBVA, initially through the transformational leadership of former BBVA Group Executive Chairman Francisco González, has leveraged digital transformation and strategic sponsorship to increase its brand equity and revenue. BBVA’s effective sponsorship strategy represents an innovative, agile, and digitally focused model for marketing executives and sport marketers considering a long-term investment in strategic …

Gender Differences Associated With The Evolution Of Attributes Sought In Sports Apparel, Jami Adler

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Since the turn of the century, many things have changed around the world, with a focus on the athletic apparel and fashion industries. Using Fowler’s (1999) research regarding the attributes sought in sports apparel, this study serves as a replication to determine how attributes sought in sports apparel have evolved. Online surveying through Qualtrics was utilized for data collection. The research explored the trend of Athleisure and the rising demand for versatile clothing. The role of gender and its associated differences significantly influenced the attributes sought in sports apparel. In addition, this study explored three additional attributes that consumers evaluate …

The Greatest Basketball Player Of All Time: Lebron Vs. Jordan, Austin Jacobson

Senior Honors Theses

LeBron James is one of the greatest athletes of this generation. I am seeking to determine what he needs to do to surpass Michael Jordan as the greatest of all time. Considering individual statistics, team success, and personal achievements as well as factors such as political and racial activism and involvement, media coverage (including social media), and generational difference, I am hoping to show what is left to accomplish for LeBron to reach and surpass Jordan.

“I Wanna Be Like Mike:” A Synthesis Of Sports Marketing From Babe Ruth To Michael Jordan, Michael John Duffy

Senior Projects Spring 2018

This project examines the rise and development of modern sports marketing, as well as its impact on the economy, society, culture, and professional sports. The project explores sports marketing through the lens of two legendary athletes – Babe Ruth and Michael Jordan. Ruth and Jordan are two pivotal figures that were major catalysts for elevating the role of sports and sports marketing to new levels in each of their time periods. Ruth was the first major athlete to sign lucrative endorsement deals as he opened the floodgates, fostering the rise of sports marketing and changing the sports economy. Moving to …

Georgia Southern College Sports Scrapbooks, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

This collection includes oversized scrapbooks of local and regional newspaper clippings about college sports at Georgia Southern College. Many of these volumes were prepared by Richard Mandes as head of Georgia Southern College Publicity.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

The Relationship Between The Behaviors Of The Top 50 Most Endorsed Athletes In The World And The Monetary Value Of Their Endorsement Deals, Rogerio B. Ribeiro

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The top endorsed athletes in the world are most likely the ones who have the biggest impact on their sport. These athletes are usually among the best in their sport or they might have something special that creates a strong relationship between the athlete and his or her fans. It is possible to say that this relationship combined with their skills on and off of the fields, courts, or arenas is what makes these athletes special. Big companies all over the world feel attracted to these athletes and, as a result, they spend millions of dollars every year in order …

Women's Professional Sports: A Case Study On Practices That Could Increase Their Profitability, Danielle H. Mcardle

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Women’s professional sports leagues have often been considered a risky business endeavor. Critics cite low attendance, lack of sponsorships, lack of media rights deals, and numerous other reasons for why women’s professional sports leagues are not profitable. In analyzing the current landscape of women’s professional sport leagues, this paper uses a case study approach to develop a strategy that will highlight lessons learned from past women’s professional sports leagues, current professional sports leagues, sponsorship agreements, fans, social, digital, and mobile marketing strategies, and management practices to show how the business of women’s sports could be made into a more profitable …

The Objectification Of Professional Female Athletes In Print Advertisements And The Consumers' Response, Angela L. Wallin

Sport Management Undergraduate

Abstract

As female athletes gain more recognition in the sports world, researchers continuously debate on whether the reason behind this is due to their athletic performance or their hyper sexualized appearance in media outlets such as print advertisements (Fink, Cunningham, & Kensicki, 2004). This raises the question on how consumers interpret advertisements that contain female athletes promoting both sport and non-sport products. Since this research is the first examine how consumers view and react to the use of professional female athletes in advertisements, this research further develops the literature of women’s role in both the advertising and sport world. Both …

How Minority Sporting Organisations In Ireland Are Promoting And Growing Their Sports Using Social Media: A Public Relations Perspective., Peter Lucey

Theses

The aim of this research study was to explore how minority sports organisations in Ireland are using social media to effectively grow and promote their sport. The researcher has analysed how these organisations are currently making use of social media and how it has benefited them in their operations. Relevant secondary literature was studied in depth along with the primary research methods that were used for this study. The research methodology used by the researcher constituted elements of both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Interviews and questionnaires made up the main research tools in addition to an action research approach as …

Differentiation Of Social Marketing And Cause-Related Marketing In Us Professional Sport, Jennifer Renee Pharr, Nancy L. Lough

Public Health Faculty Publications

Several studies have focused on cause-related sport marketing (CRM), yet few have examined social marketing in sport. The purpose of this study was to show how both are unique strategies employed in sport to achieve corporate social responsibility. A qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyze the outreach programs of the NBA, NFL, NHL, and MLB as described on each website. A directed content analysis was used to categorize outreach programs as CRM, social marketing, or other community outreach based on five variables that differentiate each strategy. Forty three programs were evaluated. Twenty two (51.2%) were categorized as social marketing, …

Fan Loyalty And Motivation, Jason Mays

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose Statement: The purpose of this professional paper is to review psychological and marketing theory and research to explain what motivates an individual to become a highly identified loyal fan of a sports team. Implications for professional practice and future research will be presented.

Justification: Understanding what motivates a fan to become a highly identified fan is important to a team manager because fans are the primary revenue source of a team. The fundamental goal of marketing managers is to create repeat customers (brand loyalty) (Fortunato, 2006) and loyal fans represent most repeat customers. An organization’s brand is critical in …

Ua19/13 Athletic Marketing, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Records created by and about Athletic Marketing.

Perceptions About Rollersoccer Youth Programs, June Solomon

Master's Projects and Capstones

The purpose of this research was to investigate the demand for structured

RollerSoccer Youth Programs and to examine the perceptions about this type of

Program. The market for RollerSoccer is untapped and unrepresented in the

world of sports. To date, there are no articles about the development of

RollerSoccer Youth Programs or scholarly work on marketing the emerging sport

of RollerSoccer. The RollerSoccer International Federation (RSIF), the governing

body for this fast‐paced, high scoring hybrid sport aims to expand its reach to

youth in diverse communities by developing this sports initiative.

Three hundred and ten youth participants from selected schools …

Organizacje Komercyjne I Niekomercyjne Wobec Wzmożonej Konkurencji Oraz Wzrastających Wymagań Konsumentów (Tom 8), Anna Ujwary-Gil

Anna Ujwary-Gil

Obszary tematyczne dotyczyły następujących zagadnień: • organizacje komercyjne i niekomercyjne jako obiekt badań naukowych, • organizacje komercyjne i niekomercyjne w gospodarce rynkowej, • organizacje komercyjne i niekomercyjne w kreowaniu rozwoju regionalnego, • współczesne narzędzia zarządzania organizacjami komercyjnymi i niekomercyjnymi, • finansowe aspekty zarządzania organizacjami komercyjnymi i niekomercyjnymi.

Ua94/6/1 Student / Alumni Personal Papers Western Kentucky University Small Collections, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Small collections of personal papers and oral histories relating to the Western Kentucky University.

Ua1c8 Logos & Symbols Photos, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Images of logos and symbols of Western Kentucky University and its predecessors.

1. Athletics
2. Illustrations / Artwork

Ua1f Wku Archives Vertical File - Regents 1995-2008, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Records

Digitized vertical file materials regarding WKU Board of Regents.

Endorser Source Credibility: Redefining Spokesperson Influence Through Development Of The Celebrity-Hero Matrix, Joshua Shuart

WCBT Faculty Publications

Endorsement of sport and non-sport products by athletes is an extremely popular method that corporations use to drive sales and advertising. Traditionally, celebrity endorsement research has focused on the physical attractiveness of the endorser; while this makes sense, it provides only a partial explanation why consumers purchase athlete-endorsed products. Several other components of source credibility, as well as previously unexplored elements such as "heroic" traits, prove to be stronger predictors of intent-to-purchase. A 3-phase research study of Americans aged 18-35 was conducted, with a Celebrity-Hero Matrix© (CHM) developed and several marketing recommendations made based on the findings.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 76, No. 20, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Loyal, Taylor. Students Sound Off on Election 2000 – Politics
• Youngman, Sam. U.S. News Rankings Overlook Western
• Ragan, Jason. Sorority Hall Finally Gets a Name – Meredith Hall
• Youngman, Sam. Parties Vie for College Vote – Politics
• There’s No Excuse for Voter Apathy – Politics
• Grady, Brian. Editorial Cartoon Goalposts
• Ramge, Jim. The Spirit Is Back – Football
• Lipscomb, Robbie. South Campus Is Ignored
• It’s a Grand Night for Ohio Valley Conference Champions, Fans
• Hawkins, Allen. Al Gore, Democrats Work for College Students
• Morrison, Ryan. George W. Bush the …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 76, No. 19, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Warren, Brandy. $80 Fee Increase Passes – Regents, Athletics Fee
• Moore, Brian. Ohio Valley Conference Champions – Football
• Lynch, Caroline. University Settles Three Harassment Lawsuits – Jessica Allen, Janet Short, Tammy Collins, Wayne Jones
• Dawes, Jennifer. Hell House Draws Protesters, Large Crowd – Diversity Coalition, Green Party, Demonstrations, Victory Hill Ministries
• Hall, Rex. Gated Lots Damaged After Tops’ Victory – Parking & Traffic Services, Vandalism
• Fee Hike Shows Regents Don’t Care – Athletics Fee
• Grady, Brian. Editorial Cartoon WKU Athletics Trick or Treating for Cash
• Lanter, Charlie. Student Government …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 76, No. 14, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Lynch, Caroline. Committee Endorses $80 Fee Increase – Regents, Athletics Fees
• Dawes, Jennifer. Feminist Speaking Tonight – Susan Faludi
• Lynch, Caroline. Gary Ransdell Approves $100 Contribution Increase – Health Insurance, Employee Benefits
• Warren, Brandy. Topline Replaced with Online Registration Service, Topnet – Registrar
• Uhde, Andrea. Trina & Trick Daddy to Perform at Corvette Museum – Concerts
• Slaughter, Michelle. Denim Day Fund Raiser Planned for Tomorrow – Phi Beta Lambda
• Cheer On Toppers
• Passing of Old Rivalry Regretted – Eastern Kentucky University, Ohio Valley Conference
• Grady, Brian. Editorial Cartoon WKU …

Ua12/2/1 Homecoming, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special homecoming edition of the College Heights Herald:

• Walsh, Erica. A Picture of Excellence – Journalism & Broadcasting
• Haarstad, Havard. Homecoming a New Experience for Most International Students
• Batcheldor, Matt. Traditions Make Student Ponder the Highlights of Life on the Hill
• Bennett, Jacob. Raise the Roof Gets Mixed Reaction From All
• Loyal, Taylor. Writer’s Grandparents See Hill As a Much Different Place – Charles Loyal, Bettie Loyal, Reminiscing
• Walsh, Erica. Last of Photo’s Founders Will Retire After 25 Years – Mike Morse
• Darr, John. Homecoming Will Be Huge This Weekend
• Queen, Chad. Past Football Teams to Be Honored
• Corcoran, Kate. …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 76, No. 13, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Hightower, Kyle. Players Sentenced to 3 Days – Raynardo Curry, Derek Robinson, Golden Ingle
• Lynch, Caroline. Insurance Committee Makes Recommendation – Employee Benefits
• Hall, Rex. Rape Investigation Ends Without Prosecution
• Hall, Rex. Campus Crime Report Shows Theft Most Common in 1999 – WKU Police
• Insurance Debate Has Been Healthy
• Grady, Brian. Editorial Cartoon Big Red Jumping Benchmarks
• Murphy, Sean. Havard Haarstad Was Right – ROTC, Army
• Thomas, Alan. Military Emphasizes Education – ROTC, Army
• Gaines, Jim. This Is Not News – ROTC, Army
• Emly, Karri. Student Financial Aid Follies …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 76, No. 12, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Moore, Brian. Hilltoppers, Colonels Will Battle Over Break – Football
• Warren, Brandy. Study Results Delayed – Diddle Arena
• Schoenbaechler, Danny. Annual Race Draws Mix of Participants – Bowling Green 10K Classic
• Hall, Rex. Parking Permits A Hot Item – Parking & Traffic Services
• No More Excuses on University Boulevard – Traffic Accidents
• Grady, Brian. Editorial Cartoon University Boulevard
• Baker, James. The Bells, The Bells! – Cherry Hall Chimes
• Mendel, Ray. Set Priorities Straight – Insurance, Employee Benefits
• Lynch, Caroline. Insurance Committee Rejects Tiered Premiums, Endorses Cafeteria Plan – Employee …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 76, No. 9, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Williams, Travis. Basketball Players Arrested for Receiving Stolen Property – Derek Robinson, Raynardo Curry, Golden Ingle
• Lynch, Caroline. Amid Questions & Chaos, Gary Ransdell Promises Change – Insurance, Employee Benefits
• Warren, Brandy. Gary Ransdell Expects Feasibility Study to Recommend Diddle Arena Renovation
• Warren, Brandy. Student Government Association Passes Bill to Pay for New Storage Facility – Preston Intramural Complex
• Insurance Should Be An Option for All
• Grady, Brian. Editorial Cartoon Insurance Premiums
• Frank, Jason. Parking Is A Tangled Issue – Parking & Traffic Services
• Humpert, Andria. Mark Staynings’ Tone …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 76, No. 8, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Hall, Rex. Student Alleges Rape on Campus
• Lynch, Caroline & Rex Hall. Insurance Rates Impossible Burden for Some – Employee Benefits
• Youngman, Sam. Paul Patton Optimistic About Higher Education’s Future
• Warren, Brandy. Wood Selig to Pitch $90 Fee Hike to Student Government Association – Athletics
• Hoang, Mai. Class Celebrates CD Release With Party
• Lopsided Student Evaluations Mean Little
• Grady, Brian. Editorial Cartoon Sardine Can Parking Lot
• Uber, Lee. Sidewalk Chalk OK
• Franke, Stephanie. Chicks Don’t Mind Campus Radio
• Ross, Michelle. Prejudice Reigns at Division of Motor Vehicles – Immigrants …