Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Civic and Community Engagement Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Community-Based Learning (93)
- Inequality and Stratification (89)
- Gender and Sexuality (88)
- Arts and Humanities (72)
- Politics and Social Change (71)
-
- Education (70)
- Race and Ethnicity (70)
- Curriculum and Instruction (68)
- History (68)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (68)
- Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (67)
- Chicana/o Studies (67)
- Creative Writing (67)
- Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence (67)
- Educational Sociology (67)
- Ethnic Studies (67)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (67)
- Latin American Languages and Societies (67)
- Latina/o Studies (67)
- Modern Literature (67)
- Reading and Language (67)
- Theory, Knowledge and Science (67)
- Political Science (44)
- Business (42)
- International Relations (41)
- Nonprofit Administration and Management (41)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (28)
- Institution
-
- Cal Poly Humboldt (67)
- Brigham Young University (41)
- Clemson University (25)
- Trinity University (21)
- James Madison University (2)
-
- Nova Southeastern University (2)
- Purdue University (2)
- SUNY College Cortland (2)
- Bank Street College of Education (1)
- DePaul University (1)
- Merrimack College (1)
- Missouri State University (1)
- Old Dominion University (1)
- Penn State Dickinson Law (1)
- The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law (1)
- Walden University (1)
- Western Michigan University (1)
- Keyword
-
- Nonprofit organizations (7)
- Social media (5)
- Nonprofits (4)
- 4-H (3)
- Human trafficking (3)
-
- Positive youth development (3)
- Professional development (3)
- Amazonia (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Charities (2)
- Community (2)
- Inclusion (2)
- Justice (2)
- Leadership (2)
- Marketing (2)
- Massage therapy (2)
- Mindfulness (2)
- Music therapy (2)
- Nonprofit resources (2)
- Nonprofits in Africa (2)
- Older adults (2)
- PRKC (2)
- Social justice (2)
- Subsidy (2)
- Trauma support (2)
- Trauma-informed care (2)
- Usage statistics (2)
- Well-being (2)
- Yoga (2)
- Youth development (2)
- Publication
-
- CouRaGeouS Cuentos: A Journal of Counternarratives (67)
- Journal of Nonprofit Innovation (41)
- Journal of Youth Development (24)
- Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America (21)
- Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement (2)
-
- The SUNY Journal of the Scholarship of Engagement: JoSE (2)
- Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology (1)
- DePaul Magazine (1)
- Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present) (1)
- Green Humanities: A Journal of Ecological Thought in Literature, Philosophy & the Arts (1)
- International Journal on Responsibility (1)
- Journal of Sustainable Social Change (1)
- Occasional Paper Series (1)
- Peace and Conflict Studies (1)
- Pedagogy and the Human Sciences (1)
- The Journal of Extension (1)
- The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare (1)
- The Qualitative Report (1)
- VA Engage Journal (1)
- eJournal of Public Affairs (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 171
Full-Text Articles in Civic and Community Engagement
“Cuando Crezca, Quiero Ser Fotógrafo”: Caminos De La Producción Audiovisual De Kamikia Kisêdjê, Rodrigo Lacerda, Ximena Flores Rojas, Tatiane Maíra Klein
“Cuando Crezca, Quiero Ser Fotógrafo”: Caminos De La Producción Audiovisual De Kamikia Kisêdjê, Rodrigo Lacerda, Ximena Flores Rojas, Tatiane Maíra Klein
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
No abstract provided.
Camaraderie, Mentorship, And Manhood: Contemporary Indigenous Identities Among The A’Uwẽ (Xavante) Of Central Brazil, James R. Welch
Camaraderie, Mentorship, And Manhood: Contemporary Indigenous Identities Among The A’Uwẽ (Xavante) Of Central Brazil, James R. Welch
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
Rites of passage and associated social processes and configurations can foster a sense of shared purpose, fraternity, and dedication to community through common experiences of group trials and commitment. A’uwẽ (Xavante) age organization entails the social production of manhood through a privileged form of male camaraderie constructed through age sets and mentorship, rooted in the shared experience of rites of passage and coresidence in the pre-initiate boys’ house. This process is central to how A’uwẽ men understand themselves, their social relations with certain delineated segments of society, and their ethnic identity. It is a basic social configuration contributing to the …
Movements In C Minor: Vocal Soundscapes In Eastern Amazonia (Araweté), Guilherme Orlandini Heurich
Movements In C Minor: Vocal Soundscapes In Eastern Amazonia (Araweté), Guilherme Orlandini Heurich
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
This article examines the capture of forest spirits through music in the Anĩ pihi speech-songs of the Araweté, a small Amerindian society in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The Anĩ pihi are unique in their combination of spoken and sung forms, in which spirits and divinities are voiced by a ritual specialist. I explore how particular sounds index the presence of different kinds of others (gods and spirits), and how these sounds are, in turn, related to the use of reported speech – in other words, how others talk about other others in sung form. As such, the Anĩ pihi are a …
Palestinian-Arabs Volunteering In State Institutions In Israel: Reconciliation And Peacebuilding Or Conflict And Suspicion?, Edith Blit Cohen, Mays Essa
Palestinian-Arabs Volunteering In State Institutions In Israel: Reconciliation And Peacebuilding Or Conflict And Suspicion?, Edith Blit Cohen, Mays Essa
Peace and Conflict Studies
Volunteering in government institutions by national minorities in conflict with the state raises fascinating issues. The identity of Palestinian-Arabs in Israel is divided, as they belong to the Palestinian people and Arab nation, as well as nominal citizens of Israel. This perception study explores the meaning of the volunteering experience for fifteen Palestinian-Arabs in various Israeli state institutions. Three themes arise from the interview analysis: motives for volunteering, challenges faced by the volunteers, and their coping strategies. The study contributes to the theory and practice of the meaning of volunteering in government institutions for minority members in conflict with the …
Answering The Call
DePaul Magazine
With a strong spirit of service, DePaul initiatives aid displaced populations in Chicago and internationally.
Supporting Teens’ Professional Identities And Engagement In Mindfulness Practices Through Teens-As-Teachers Programming, Anne Marie Iaccopucci
Supporting Teens’ Professional Identities And Engagement In Mindfulness Practices Through Teens-As-Teachers Programming, Anne Marie Iaccopucci
Journal of Youth Development
This study was situated in the context of the University of California 4-H Positive Youth Development Program. A convenience sample of teen teachers (N = 11) represents variation in age (11–17), gender, ethnicity, and geographic location. All teens delivered the 4-H Mindful Me curriculum from the University of California 4-H Program. Qualitative analysis provides evidence of positive developmental outcomes that support teen teachers’ personal professional identity and engagement in mindfulness. Teens described how involvement in the teens-as-teachers program provided the context in which they could explore their personal professional identity, build on self-efficacy as an instructor, and develop an improved …
Considering The Importance Of Attachment In Outcomes: The Case Of Summer Camp, Robert Warner
Considering The Importance Of Attachment In Outcomes: The Case Of Summer Camp, Robert Warner
Journal of Youth Development
Youth programs are consistently described as settings that offer youth developmental experiences. Summer camps are one example of youth programs with empirical evidence suggesting positive outcomes of participation; however, researchers seldom address how youth’s social development, such as attachment, may shape outcomes. By not accounting for differences in attachment, researchers may be missing reasons why youth programs, like summer camps, function as developmental settings that foster outcomes for some youth, but not for others. Using summer camp as an example youth program, the purpose of this paper is to consider the role of attachment in youth outcomes. This article reviews …
Can We Efficiently Help Adults Strengthen Their Relational Practice?, Tom Akiva, Annie M. White, Sharon Colvin, Junlei Li, Peter Wardrip
Can We Efficiently Help Adults Strengthen Their Relational Practice?, Tom Akiva, Annie M. White, Sharon Colvin, Junlei Li, Peter Wardrip
Journal of Youth Development
Human interactions across settings shape young people’s learning and development, and building adult expertise in facilitating productive interactions takes deliberate practice and reflective experience. However, relational practices are not consistently part of adult learning for those who work with youth. We describe a 2-year design study to develop the Simple Interactions Leadership Program, a professional learning workshop focused on relational practices. We refined the program across 3 iterations with library and after-school staff (with a total of 41 participants). Iterative changes included adding participant-driven “try-it-out” projects, adding external accountability features, and combining staff from the library and after-school sectors. Using …
A Pilot Study Exploring The Potential Of Improv In Strengthening Youth–Adult Partnerships, Stephanie Begun, Brigette Mayorga, Cam Bautista, Krysta Cooke, Travonne Edwards, Bryn King, Hamzat Olaosebikan, Rae-Ann Whyte
A Pilot Study Exploring The Potential Of Improv In Strengthening Youth–Adult Partnerships, Stephanie Begun, Brigette Mayorga, Cam Bautista, Krysta Cooke, Travonne Edwards, Bryn King, Hamzat Olaosebikan, Rae-Ann Whyte
Journal of Youth Development
This study qualitatively explored the potential of improv for strengthening youth–adult partnerships. Seven members of a youth-adult research collaborative participated in a 2-hour professionally facilitated improv workshop. Participants provided insights about their experiences through a follow-up qualitative interview questionnaire. Participants indicated that improv assisted in dismantling power differentials that often exist in youth–adult partnership contexts, also noting that improv helped them to express their true selves more readily, along with helping them to see new and more “human” sides to their team members. Participants were enthusiastic about accessing further improv opportunities, noting that improv should be embedded into other youth–adult …
Youth Social And Emotional Learning In Quality Enhanced, Out-Of-School Time Programs, Annick Eudes Jean-Baptiste, Stephanie Giannella, Celine Provini
Youth Social And Emotional Learning In Quality Enhanced, Out-Of-School Time Programs, Annick Eudes Jean-Baptiste, Stephanie Giannella, Celine Provini
Journal of Youth Development
Researchers examined social and emotional learning (SEL) ratings for two samples of 559 and 406 predominantly elementary-age youth of color, who were enrolled in out-of-school time (OST) programs serving communities mostly of high socioeconomic need in Palm Beach County, Florida. Covering the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study predicted that programs’ participation in an SEL quality enhancement project would positively impact youth SEL. This quality enhancement was expected to emerge alongside the positive effects of foundational program quality achieved through participation in the Palm Beach County Quality Improvement System, which includes an …
Book Review: (Re)Defining The Goal: The True Path To Career Readiness In The 21st Century, Margo Long
Book Review: (Re)Defining The Goal: The True Path To Career Readiness In The 21st Century, Margo Long
Journal of Youth Development
In (Re)Defining the Goal: The True Path to Career Readiness in the 21st Century, author Kevin Fleming presents his an extensively researched approach for deconstructing the prevalent “one-size-fits-all” education paradigm. The book provides a new perspective with replicable strategies and outlines 6 proven steps to help young people thrive in the evolving workforce. Youth development practitioners will find the topics discussed relevant and practical as they guide their clientele toward personality-aligned careers and not just toward college.
After-School Connectedness, Racial–Ethnic Identity, Affirmation, And Problem Behaviors, Danielle A. Augustine, Emilie Smith, Dawn P. Witherspoon
After-School Connectedness, Racial–Ethnic Identity, Affirmation, And Problem Behaviors, Danielle A. Augustine, Emilie Smith, Dawn P. Witherspoon
Journal of Youth Development
After-school programs are potential contexts that may promote positive youth development (PYD) and reduce problem behaviors among African American children. One way after-school programs may be associated with reduced problem behaviors is by fostering an affirming sense of identity. Prior research on racial–ethnic identity among African American children and adolescents has shown that a positive and affirming sense of identity is related to less maladaptive coping, yet little is known about how after-school programs may foster an affirming sense of identity and lead to reduced problem behaviors. The current study adds to this discourse by investigating how children’s connection to …
The Key To Engaging Every Student: Building Greater Linkages Between National, State, And Local System Leaders, Hillary Hardt Oravec, Brenda Mclaughlin
The Key To Engaging Every Student: Building Greater Linkages Between National, State, And Local System Leaders, Hillary Hardt Oravec, Brenda Mclaughlin
Journal of Youth Development
The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated how essential summer and after-school programs are for youth and their families. Policymakers took note of the needs and the evidence base, and prioritized stimulus funding to expand access and accelerate learning. American Rescue Plan (ARP) and Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funds were quickly released to schools through different mechanisms, initially prioritizing speed over infrastructure design. The funds were intended to fuel robust school–community partnerships to provide students who suffered from pandemic-related learning and developmental setbacks with comprehensive, high-quality programming; yet the timeline for planning and implementation often hindered progress toward that vision. …
Pupil Voice Groups: The Impact On Schools And Students, Eric Rubenstein, James D. Scott, Jason Peake
Pupil Voice Groups: The Impact On Schools And Students, Eric Rubenstein, James D. Scott, Jason Peake
Journal of Youth Development
Over 30 years ago, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child passed legislation allowing children under the age of 18 to express their concerns in circumstances and decisions that affect them. Because one impact on children under the age of 18 is the educational system, Scotland education has integrated opportunities for students to be involved in the educational process. Pupil voice groups are one of the techniques that have been implemented in Scotland and throughout Europe. These groups allow students to have a voice in their education that may impact development. Researchers sought to identify the impacts …
Ambiguous, Affective, And Arduous: Volunteers’ Invisible Work With Young Adults, Jenni Mölkänen, Päivi Honkatukia
Ambiguous, Affective, And Arduous: Volunteers’ Invisible Work With Young Adults, Jenni Mölkänen, Päivi Honkatukia
Journal of Youth Development
Mentoring has been regarded as a promising way to reach at-risk youth and to strengthen the protective factors. This article focuses on emotions, reflections, and challenges that adult volunteers face in trying to establish and maintain a friend relationship with young adults in a multicomponent mentor setting in Finland. Based on our participatory observations in volunteering, a focus group discussion with volunteers and facilitators of volunteering, and interviews with young adults we analyze the nature of volunteers’ actions as invisible work as characterized by Devault (1999). We argue that invisible work should be recognized as a significant part of volunteering …
Implementing Sexual Violence Primary Prevention Programs: A Case Study Of Implementer Perspectives, Rachel Jackson-Gordon, Jacinda K. Dariotis, Bonnie S. Fisher, Victoria Dickman-Burnett
Implementing Sexual Violence Primary Prevention Programs: A Case Study Of Implementer Perspectives, Rachel Jackson-Gordon, Jacinda K. Dariotis, Bonnie S. Fisher, Victoria Dickman-Burnett
Journal of Youth Development
Sexual violence prevention programs are important for addressing sexual violence and are often implemented in local community and university settings. However, program implementer perspectives are often missing from academic research literature, limiting access to practical knowledge that can provide insights to improving programs and prevention. This study illustrates the landscape of sexual violence primary prevention work in a Midwestern metropolitan area. Seven interviews with community and university implementers took place in 2020, providing information about local prevention programs and expert insights to community prevention culture. Geographic data about implementation locations was also collected to visually assess coverage of preventive services …
Family Diabetes Camp Amidst Covid-19: A Community Of Practice Model, Eddie Hill, Rowan Halle Bernard Williams, Justin A. Haegele, Ron Ramsing, Bethany Arrington, Laura Hill
Family Diabetes Camp Amidst Covid-19: A Community Of Practice Model, Eddie Hill, Rowan Halle Bernard Williams, Justin A. Haegele, Ron Ramsing, Bethany Arrington, Laura Hill
Journal of Youth Development
Studies have found that youth are experiencing higher anxiety levels than prior to COVID-19, and youth with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk. Medical specialty camps are a type of camp that provide opportunities for youth with chronic illnesses to share common goals, increase socialization, improve camper well-being, and increase knowledge of diabetes management. The program evaluation sought to determine the impact of a campers’ outcomes of independence and perceived competence and familial impact during COVID-19. Over half the participants were at their first diabetes camp and 71% of the campers felt their perceived competence “increased a little bit” …
Utilization Of Positive Youth Development Framework By Youth-Facing Organizations In Baltimore City, Selvi Rajagopal, Kaitlyn Harper, Katherine Holzhauer, Tina Kumra
Utilization Of Positive Youth Development Framework By Youth-Facing Organizations In Baltimore City, Selvi Rajagopal, Kaitlyn Harper, Katherine Holzhauer, Tina Kumra
Journal of Youth Development
Positive youth development (PYD) is a strengths-based approach to youth programming which has been tested with success in largely higher income settings with mostly White youth. This study aims to identify the extent to which organizations who work in an urban context serving predominately African American youth incorporate PYD principles into their work. Organizations located in Baltimore, Maryland working with youth ages 14–24 were recruited for participation. In-depth interviews were conducted with organization leaders in this qualitative study. Thematic analysis using a deductive approach identified common themes and activities across organizations that aligned with PYD elements. All 17 youth-facing organizations …
Camp Is For Everyone: Intentional Inclusion Of Gender-Expansive Teens At Camp, Ashley M. Hernandez-Hall, Kimberly H. Zemel
Camp Is For Everyone: Intentional Inclusion Of Gender-Expansive Teens At Camp, Ashley M. Hernandez-Hall, Kimberly H. Zemel
Journal of Youth Development
Camp remains a powerful experience for youth of any age, but special care must be taken to ensure camps are supportive of diverse audiences. This article describes the process by which 4-H camp organizers created a welcoming and affirming camp for teen dependents of active duty, retired, or veteran military personnel, especially those campers who identified as non-binary or LGBTQ+. This included careful consideration of language used in recruitment documents, evaluation documents, volunteer and staff training, as well as communication with campers and families. Through careful planning and implementation, the 4-H adventure camps engaged over 90 teens, and survey results …
Children As Design Visionaries, Learners, And Socio-Political Wayfinders: Mapping The Layers, Hierarchies, And Rhythms Of A School Community, Natalie R. Davis, Roni Barsoum
Children As Design Visionaries, Learners, And Socio-Political Wayfinders: Mapping The Layers, Hierarchies, And Rhythms Of A School Community, Natalie R. Davis, Roni Barsoum
Occasional Paper Series
Despite the seemingly intractable problems of public schooling, we (as researchers and dreamers) remain encouraged by the persistent efforts to reconfigure and reimagine the sociopolitical landscape of schools. We begin this essay by recognizing the work of individuals bravely and imperfectly expanding notions of what schools could and should be. We stand in solidarity with the innovators sowing, designing, and reaching toward more just social futures, dreaming of schools for children that are not so distant from the paradise Butler (2001) describes (Figure 1). This liberatory dreamwork coincides with long histories of communal ingenuity (Vossoughi et al., 2016), resistance against …
Predictors Of College Student Support Toward Colin Kaepernick’S National Anthem Protests, Brooke Coursen, Nicole Peiffer, Sakira Coleman, Philip Lucius
Predictors Of College Student Support Toward Colin Kaepernick’S National Anthem Protests, Brooke Coursen, Nicole Peiffer, Sakira Coleman, Philip Lucius
VA Engage Journal
Racial discrimination and inequality have perpetuated within the U.S. since its inception. In 2016, Colin Kaepernick initiated the national anthem protests to oppose the oppression of people of color in America. This study was developed in 2018 to identify social determinants of health underlying discriminatory beliefs and behaviors. The objective was to investigate the impacts of college students’ race, gender, political ideology, socio-economic status [SES], NFL interest, patriotism, and general protest support on support for the national anthem protests. We administered paper-and-pencil surveys across locations on the James Madison University campus using a convenience sample. There were 408 participants included, …
Staying Engaged While Staying Home?: Service-Learning, Writing, And Covid-19, Christopher Iverson
Staying Engaged While Staying Home?: Service-Learning, Writing, And Covid-19, Christopher Iverson
The SUNY Journal of the Scholarship of Engagement: JoSE
As an approach to writing instruction that has traditionally required students to engage in in-person community projects, service-learning has also traditionally involved risks. For example, students engaging in service-learning without proper support often do not approach community partners with the appropriate respect, and when university stakeholders fail to make clear what their side can offer in a partnership, they can leave community partners in the lurch when the semester ends and students finish their community-engaged coursework. These risks can be mitigated through education and reflection for instructors and students alike. The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing social distancing orders, however, left …
Exploring The Impact Of The Habitat For Humanity Home-Building Process On Partner Families' Holistic Well-Being, Hawkley Pusey, Nikhil Mathur, Kathryn Figliomeni, Nanditha Srinivasan, Keely R. Dehn, Jason A. Ware
Exploring The Impact Of The Habitat For Humanity Home-Building Process On Partner Families' Holistic Well-Being, Hawkley Pusey, Nikhil Mathur, Kathryn Figliomeni, Nanditha Srinivasan, Keely R. Dehn, Jason A. Ware
Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how participating in the Habitat for Humanity house-building process influenced participants’ purpose well-being, social well-being, community well-being, physical and mental well-being, and financial well-being, and how effective Habitat for Humanity is in aiding neighborhood revitalization within the Greater Lafayette area. The research project resulted in a presentation of quantitative data and a testimonial video that highlighted the stories of families that had worked with Habitat for Humanity. Quantitative data was gathered through a survey that addressed respondents’ levels of satisfaction within the various categories of well-being mentioned above. Testimonial information was gathered …
Uniting For Important Paws: The Independent Cat Society And S.H.I.N.E., Kayla Vasilko
Uniting For Important Paws: The Independent Cat Society And S.H.I.N.E., Kayla Vasilko
Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement
Homeless pets outnumber homeless people 5 to 1; only 1 in 10 animals in animal shelters are spayed or neutered; thus, organizations like the Independent Cat Society (ICS), a non-profit, cage-less, no kill cat shelter are vital community resources (Gaille, 2017). At the ICS, every cat admitted is spayed or neutered and updated on any needed medical treatment; feline overpopulation is addressed through trap, neuter, release (TNR), and additional programs to educate the public on responsible animal care practices (“About the ICS,” 2019). Through volunteerism and two Purdue Service-Learning grants, the Purdue University Northwest student organization S.H.I.N.E (students helping ignite …
Politics As War: The Ideology Of The Attack On Indigenous Territorial Rights, Artionka Capiberibe
Politics As War: The Ideology Of The Attack On Indigenous Territorial Rights, Artionka Capiberibe
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
No abstract provided.
Territorial Rights In Brazil: Chronic Difficulties And New Approaches To Sustaining Traditional Landscapes, Jeremy M. Campbell
Territorial Rights In Brazil: Chronic Difficulties And New Approaches To Sustaining Traditional Landscapes, Jeremy M. Campbell
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
No abstract provided.
Brazilian Indigenous Peoples: Territories, Legal Rights And The Obstacles Of Structural And Institutional Racism, Maria Rosário De Carvalho
Brazilian Indigenous Peoples: Territories, Legal Rights And The Obstacles Of Structural And Institutional Racism, Maria Rosário De Carvalho
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
No abstract provided.
Povos Da Terra And Originary Rights, Marcela Coelho De Souza
Povos Da Terra And Originary Rights, Marcela Coelho De Souza
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
No abstract provided.
The Right To Exist, Carlos Marés
The Right To Exist, Carlos Marés
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
No abstract provided.
Health Agents On The Move: Yanomami Agency And The Struggle For Wellbeing, Alejandro Reig
Health Agents On The Move: Yanomami Agency And The Struggle For Wellbeing, Alejandro Reig
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
This paper examines the sanitary and sociopolitical impact of the work of a Yanomami Health Agent in the Upper Ocamo area of the Venezuelan Amazonas State, and its relationship with the national health system, and argues that these build up into an interface of transformations. This is an interactional milieu composed by a dynamic mesh of incorporations and transformations working at different scales and in different directions: the State sanitary device incorporating a hinterland cluster of villages, a village at the center of this cluster incorporating the resources of the outside world, a young adult incorporating the potencies of outsiders …