Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Sociology (41)
- Education (30)
- Psychology (25)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (24)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (23)
-
- Arts and Humanities (18)
- Communication (17)
- Mental and Social Health (15)
- Social Justice (15)
- Counseling (14)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (12)
- Higher Education Administration (10)
- Mass Communication (10)
- Other Social and Behavioral Sciences (10)
- Social Policy (10)
- Family, Life Course, and Society (9)
- Public Policy (9)
- Public Health (8)
- Public Relations and Advertising (8)
- Race and Ethnicity (8)
- Social Psychology (8)
- Social Welfare (8)
- Business (7)
- Civic and Community Engagement (7)
- Clinical Psychology (7)
- Organizational Communication (7)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (7)
- Clinical and Medical Social Work (6)
- Institution
-
- California State University, San Bernardino (44)
- University of South Carolina (34)
- Walden University (26)
- Nova Southeastern University (15)
- University of Montana (15)
-
- Western Kentucky University (12)
- Liberty University (9)
- Loyola University Chicago (9)
- Abilene Christian University (5)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (5)
- West Virginia University (5)
- Wilfrid Laurier University (5)
- Bridgewater State University (4)
- Fordham University (4)
- Kutztown University (4)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (4)
- University of Southern Maine (4)
- Winthrop University (4)
- Portland State University (3)
- San Jose State University (3)
- The University of Akron (3)
- University of Kentucky (3)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (3)
- Eastern Michigan University (2)
- Georgia Southern University (2)
- Marshall University (2)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (2)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (2)
- University of North Dakota (2)
- University of Texas at Arlington (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations (35)
- Faculty and Staff Publications (32)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (23)
- Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects (15)
- JADARA (14)
-
- Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy (9)
- WKU Administration Documents (8)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (6)
- Social Work: School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Other Works (6)
- Dissertations (5)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (5)
- Faculty & Staff Scholarship (5)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (4)
- Senior Honors Theses (4)
- Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) (4)
- All Student Scholarship (3)
- Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity (3)
- Journal of Social Work in the Global Community (3)
- Manuscript Collection (3)
- School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations (3)
- Social Service Faculty Publications (3)
- Social Work Doctoral Dissertations (3)
- Theses and Dissertations (3)
- Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects (3)
- AI Assignment Library (2)
- Honors Program Theses and Projects (2)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (2)
- Open Educational Resources (2)
- Publications and Research (2)
- Student Organizations (2)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 31 - 60 of 270
Full-Text Articles in Social Work
The Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment In A Sample Of Deaf Adults, Teresa Crowe Ph.D
The Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment In A Sample Of Deaf Adults, Teresa Crowe Ph.D
JADARA
This research studied the impacts of child maltreatment on 87 deaf adults' use of substances, anxiety and depression, involvement in victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence, age, gender identity, and parental language use. After IRB approval, participants completed an online survey about experiences of childhood maltreatment and its effects on their lives. Results showed that the sample: a) had low to moderate incidence of childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, b) reported mild levels of anxiety and depression, c) included 32.5% who met the threshold for IPV victimization and/or perpetration, d) relatively low levels of …
Case Study In Deaf Mental Health Care: Integration Of Therapeutic Attunement And Skills-Training, Julia Ball, Lindsey Sankin
Case Study In Deaf Mental Health Care: Integration Of Therapeutic Attunement And Skills-Training, Julia Ball, Lindsey Sankin
JADARA
Deaf Mental Health Care (DMHC) is a specialty involving clinical expertise and self-awareness in therapeutic work with D/deaf people.1 Within the DMHC framework, this case report describes the psychotherapy of one Deaf individual, whose developmental experiences are common among D/deaf people. It illustrates how clinical models developed with hearing people informed the clinical team working with this Deaf individual. The treatment integrated focused skill-building with reparative emotional and linguistic “attunement.” In addition, the case illustrates how clinicians and their clients can use the intersections of their different languages and cultures as growth opportunities.
Social Work Interventions And Emergency Room Utilization, Paige Elaine Bartholomew
Social Work Interventions And Emergency Room Utilization, Paige Elaine Bartholomew
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Emergency Room (ER) resources are a valuable commodity that are often misused as a point of care into the health system. Families who have no medical home and psychosocial needs frequent the ER on a regular basis to access care and necessary resources. Primary care and psychosocial ER utilization is costly and inefficient. Reducing avoidable visits is an important health system goal that must be balanced with the desire to deliver quality care to every family in a fiscally responsible manner that promotes long term health and wellness. In pediatrics, the first step will be to better understand the frequent …
Ai Case Study Assignment, Jeffrey Anvari-Clark
Ai Case Study Assignment, Jeffrey Anvari-Clark
AI Assignment Library
This assignment is intended to students develop digital literacy and social work skills by creating a social work case note using ChatGPT, Claude, or a similar AI software. By using the software, creating the note, and reflecting on the process, students will learn to: 1. appropriately integrate advanced AI technology into their work as helping professionals, 2. analyze the benefits and limits of AI usage (along with ethical considerations), 3. create a case note that is clear, concise, and comprehensive, and 4. evaluate the role of social demographics on individual well-being. The assignment is for a 200-level course, a prerequisite …
Msw Portfolio, Rylie Shade
Msw Portfolio, Rylie Shade
Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects
MSW portfolio, practicing Social work in Missoula, San Francisco, and Oakland.
Msw Professional Portfolio, Michelle Davis
Msw Professional Portfolio, Michelle Davis
Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects
A comprehensive review of the professional development required for an advanced integrated social work practitioner.
Cycles Of Change: Msw Portfolio, Paul T. Everett
Cycles Of Change: Msw Portfolio, Paul T. Everett
Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects
The purpose of this portfolio is to share my experience with these cycles from the individuals I have worked with, to families, groups and my community, implementing Just Practice’s own core process cycle of cultivating social justice through an integrated approach to practice. Relying on examples from my coursework and practicum opportunities, I offer critical self-reflection of my own values and assumptions shaping my ethical and professional behavior, demonstrating my growth as an advanced integrated practitioner. Incorporated are the theoretical approaches I have utilized in bringing historical, cultural, and political perspectives towards understanding difference, oppression, and social-justice oriented action. I …
Accessibility Of Services For Transgender Adolescents From A Child Welfare Perspective, Eduardo Cedeno
Accessibility Of Services For Transgender Adolescents From A Child Welfare Perspective, Eduardo Cedeno
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
The following is a quantitative study with an explorative element conducted at Southern California University with a convenience sample of 23 social worker participants with experience in child welfare. A Qualtrics questionnaire was administered during the Fall 2023 semester and was used to assess the social workers perception, preparedness, and knowledge in providing services to transgender youth in foster care. The study aimed to gain an understanding of the overall perception of the effect in available transgender resources and training within the child welfare system.
Conversations About Telehealth Eating Disorder Treatment: Participants Share Their Experiences, Rachel Allen Msw
Conversations About Telehealth Eating Disorder Treatment: Participants Share Their Experiences, Rachel Allen Msw
All Student Scholarship
This phenomenological study explores the use of telehealth as a modality in the treatment of eating disorders through the lenses of feminist, standpoint, and social constructionist theories. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth was utilized to offer continuity of service at a local, urban eating disorder treatment program in the Northeast. Post pandemic, this modality continued for staffing and accessibility reasons. However, little is known about this treatment from the perspective of service recipients. Intensive semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom with six adults who had completed the telehealth program to learn about individuals’ experiences with this modality. …
A Study Of Diet Culture In Lgbtqia+ Women’S Communities, Cait Rush Msw
A Study Of Diet Culture In Lgbtqia+ Women’S Communities, Cait Rush Msw
All Student Scholarship
Diet culture is a pervasive aspect of the sociocultural environment characterized by contradictory messages about food and health, and a moral imperative to attain thinness (Jovanovski & Jaeger, 2022). Hallmarks of diet culture include body dissatisfaction, lowered self-esteem, and adverse mental and physical health outcomes (Calogero et al., 2018; Kinavey & Cool, 2019; Puhl et al., 2021). While research suggests that LGBTQIA+ community involvement may play a role in safeguarding positive body image (Dahlenburg et al., 2021; Hanley & McLaren, 2015), studies on body dissatisfaction among queer women have yielded mixed, often contradictory results. The purpose of this study was …
Impact Of School-Based Mental Health Services On Student Attendance At A Southern California School District, Johanna Garcia-Fernandez, Morgan Stokes
Impact Of School-Based Mental Health Services On Student Attendance At A Southern California School District, Johanna Garcia-Fernandez, Morgan Stokes
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
When children experience trauma, it impacts their development, mental stability, learning, and behavior. This causes an increased need for prevention and early intervention mental health services within the public school system. Some California school districts offer mental health services students can utilize at their schools. Social workers are best equipped to assist and provide students with the necessary mental health resources due to their education, training, and role. This study used secondary data from 101 randomly selected Southern California school district participants. This study examined the relationship between children’s attendance, age, gender, primary diagnosis, living arrangements, number of traumatic events …
Covid-19, Social Isolation, And Msw Students’ Mental Health, Cassandra Barajas
Covid-19, Social Isolation, And Msw Students’ Mental Health, Cassandra Barajas
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
New literature has found that the COVID-19 pandemic has grown the prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst college students (University Communications, 2021). The purpose of this research study was to further explore how the sudden restrictions and isolation protocols enforced and caused by the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health symptoms amongst MSW students. The study sample consisted of social work students who were 18 years old or older and who were enrolled in a Master of Social Work Program at some point in time during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
This study was conducted using a post-positivism approach and by …
Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Asian Consumers Of The Maryland Behavioral Health Service System, Kota Takayama Ph.D, Teresa Crowe Ph.D
Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Asian Consumers Of The Maryland Behavioral Health Service System, Kota Takayama Ph.D, Teresa Crowe Ph.D
JADARA
This exploratory study examines the demographic profile and diagnoses of deaf and hard of hearing Asian consumers in Maryland who received behavioral healthcare services from January 2016 to January 2019. Results show that: 1) most deaf consumers lived in private residences, 2) most consumers felt somewhat satisfactory in their mental health recovery, 3) almost half had mood disorder diagnoses, 4) nearly 25% had a schizophrenia diagnosis which was more than three times higher than the prevalence for non-Asian populations, and 5) deaf Asian consumers were more likely to have alcohol-related disorders. The discussion includes comparisons with other racial and ethnic …
Stories Of Dismantling Whiteness In Social Work Educational Spaces, Jeanean Mohr
Stories Of Dismantling Whiteness In Social Work Educational Spaces, Jeanean Mohr
West Chester University Doctoral Projects
Social work and higher education are rooted in systems of racism and exclusion and continue to operate as racialized spaces. As the social work profession grapples with its past and calls upon social work educators to support efforts to undo structural racism, paying attention to what is happening in educational spaces is essential. In this study, I examined the stories and tensions of White Social Work faculty engaged in efforts to dismantle whiteness in their classrooms, departments, and universities. Using narrative inquiry, I interviewed nine White faculty from different universities representing five regions across the United States. I explored their …
Adjustments To Social Work Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic In North Carolina: Effects On Burnout And Commitment, Aaron R. Brown, Jayme E. Walters, Aubrey E. Jones, Lara Cates
Adjustments To Social Work Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic In North Carolina: Effects On Burnout And Commitment, Aaron R. Brown, Jayme E. Walters, Aubrey E. Jones, Lara Cates
Journal of Human Services: Training, Research, and Practice
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for social workers in the U.S. and abroad has increased. There is demand for more social workers in North Carolina due to ongoing and increasing mental health, substance use disorder, and child welfare needs. COVID-19 has taken a toll on the personal and professional lives of social workers, and research is needed to understand the pandemic’s effects on burnout and commitment among social workers. The present study sought to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the personal and professional lives of social workers practicing in North Carolina and to determine how …
"Better Equipped"? Examining The Role Of Social Work In Clinical Countering Violent Extremism, David Yuzva Clement
"Better Equipped"? Examining The Role Of Social Work In Clinical Countering Violent Extremism, David Yuzva Clement
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Hate and violent extremism persist in communities, online environments, and societies across the globe. In addition to their most violent expressions, including hate crimes, extremist and terrorist violence, these phenomena wield severe negative, detrimental, traumatic, and intergenerational impacts. Grounded in evidenced-based policy, comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts, as well as the transfer of knowledge across scientific disciplines, a whole-of-society approach is fundamental to prevent and counter hatred, violence, and extremism. Although violent radicalization and associated societal problems are advancing at unprecedented speeds, preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) is an emerging intervention field in behavioural health and social sciences. While …
What Are The Ethics Of Ai In Relation To The Nasw Code Of Ethics?, Lea Saga
What Are The Ethics Of Ai In Relation To The Nasw Code Of Ethics?, Lea Saga
AI Assignment Library
The use of Artificial intelligence (AI) in the social work profession is an emerging area of practice. AI promises to revolutionize the way we work by using computer systems to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning from experience, reasoning, problem-solving and understanding natural language. The use of AI has raised questions about how to harness its benefits, mitigate its risks, and ensure it aligns with the values and standards in the NASW Code of Ethics. What are the ethics of AI, including issues related to informed consent; managing risks and benefits; and ensuring that AI respects …
Incarceration Effects On Children And Families, Sharon Rose
Incarceration Effects On Children And Families, Sharon Rose
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Children of incarcerated parents have been found to experience long-term trauma as an effect of parental incarceration. There is little information regarding resources and programs available to these children to mitigate these issues. This study aims to identify recurring themes experienced by children and families separated by incarceration which cause negative long-term issues. The study will identify these overlaps and identify plans that can be implemented by social service agencies to alleviate and diminish the rates at which children are affected by incarceration. The researcher will conduct individual interviews with participants to complete an exploratory cross-sectional study. Data gathered from …
Barriers And Challenges That Lgbtq+ Individuals Face When Acquiring Mental Health Care Services., Stephanie Nunez-Rivera
Barriers And Challenges That Lgbtq+ Individuals Face When Acquiring Mental Health Care Services., Stephanie Nunez-Rivera
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to address the challenges and barriers that LGBTQ+ individuals face when accessing mental health care services. This research is significant because though LGBTQ+ community faces many challenges such as discrimination and trauma, which greatly affect their mental health, yet LGBTQ+ specific mental health care is not widely available. This unavailability has resulted in only 12.6% of mental health care institutions having LGBTQ+ specific mental health care services. In addition, the small percentage of LGBTQ+ programs that are available in mental health institutions are not available in every city or region, which has resulted in …
Students' Educational Outcomes For Hybrid Msw Program, Carolina Profeta
Students' Educational Outcomes For Hybrid Msw Program, Carolina Profeta
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed post-secondary social work program mode of learning throughout the nation. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, social work program transitioned from in-person to hybrid a modality. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the social work program’s hybrid modality on students’ learning outcomes. Specifically, this study will examine participants’ cognitive presence, perceived effectiveness, and student perceptions. This study is important, as there is no research on social work program’s hybrid modality on students’ learning outcomes. This is a quantitative study and uses online surveys to gather results. The ANOVA and chi …
Asian Discrimination: In The Field Of Social Work, Sunghay Cho
Asian Discrimination: In The Field Of Social Work, Sunghay Cho
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This research explored how anti-Asian rhetoric influences the work experiences and lives of Asian American (A.A.) social workers. This is a qualitive, exploratory study that used a non-probability, convenience sample, and snowball technique for sampling, and interviews with participants via Zoom who identified as Asian American and who had completed their master’s degree in social work. It was found that different types of anti-Asian rhetoric influence Asian American social workers’ own expectations of themselves, their mindset, creates fear, and even sets limitations. It was also found that immigration status/generation (first/second generation) has an influence on their experiences as well. This …
Using Interprofessional Collaboration To Assist Refugees, Hannah E. Hoekstra
Using Interprofessional Collaboration To Assist Refugees, Hannah E. Hoekstra
Social Work Masters Capstone Projects
This capstone will demonstrate my competency and ability to use interprofessional collaboration with the nine Eastern Kentucky University (2022a) Master of Social Work (MSW) program interprofessional social work practice competencies. I will begin by describing my practicum setting and learning goals (EKU, 2022b) for the MSW program, as well as the two sub-groups within the agency I primarily worked with. Next, I will do a literature review of previously researched interprofessional collaboration with the two sub-groups, before demonstrating my practice of the nine competencies using my practicum experiences. I will then finally end with evaluating the effectiveness of interprofessional collaboration …
Exploration Of The Reflective Supervision Relationship: Meaning Making, Communication, And Transformative Learning In Educational Environments, Elizabeth Betsy Stoelt
Exploration Of The Reflective Supervision Relationship: Meaning Making, Communication, And Transformative Learning In Educational Environments, Elizabeth Betsy Stoelt
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Reflective supervision is ongoing professional development, often utilized by the social work field that originates from infant mental health supervisory practices. Reflective supervision increases one’s capacity to become aware and manage the strong emotions that are inherent in direct service work and understand relational dynamics within families and between professionals and family members. Using the 3 central tenets of collaboration, reflection and regularity, the goal of reflective supervision is to develop and maintain effective service delivery by understanding the practitioner’s positionality. This study utilized the practice of reflective supervision with five educators over a 10-week period of time. The goal …
The Intersection Between Harm Reduction And Social Work, Sydney Biondi
The Intersection Between Harm Reduction And Social Work, Sydney Biondi
Undergraduate Research Posters
This qualitative study explores the intersection of harm reduction and social work. Social workers who practice harm reduction were recruited to participate in interviews. In the field of social work, harm reduction is seen as a promising practice, but we do not know very much about what it looks like in practice. The purpose of this research study is to find out how the perceptions of social workers of harm reduction aid or inhibit community harm reduction efforts. We think that the geographical location of a social worker impacts the perceptions and experiences of harm reduction, because of the resources …
Social Workers’ Perspectives On Why Stepparents Kill, Laquitta Daniella Simms
Social Workers’ Perspectives On Why Stepparents Kill, Laquitta Daniella Simms
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The term accidental filicide refers to the death of a child that occurs inadvertently due to abuse or neglect. In this category of child homicides, death was not the intended outcome. Stepparents outnumber biological parents as the primary perpetrators of accidental filicide based on data collected nationwide. There is limited research on how child protection social workers perceive the risk and safety associated with accidental filicide by stepparents. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and risk factors related to accidental filicide and the perceived barriers through the lens of child protection social workers who investigated allegations …
The Community Collaboration Model For School Improvement: A Scoping Review, Dawn Anderson-Butcher, Samantha Bates, Hal A. Lawson, Tasha M. Childs, Aidyn Iachini Ph.D., Msw, Lsw
The Community Collaboration Model For School Improvement: A Scoping Review, Dawn Anderson-Butcher, Samantha Bates, Hal A. Lawson, Tasha M. Childs, Aidyn Iachini Ph.D., Msw, Lsw
Faculty and Staff Publications
Schools worldwide are developing innovative models in response to, and in anticipation of, societal changes. Aiming to address non-academic barriers to learning, while capitalizing on out-of-school time, some school and community leaders have prioritized family and community partnerships, especially in the United States (U.S.). The Community Collaboration Model (CCM) is one such U.S. partnership-oriented model of expanded school improvement. In contrast to some partnership-oriented models, the CCM prioritizes improvements in classrooms and communities, aiming to support students, assist teachers, and improve relationships beyond the typical school day. This scoping review examines 14 peer-reviewed articles which describe CCM-centered innovations and documented …
An Investigation Of ‘Restrictive Practices’ Within Services For Adults With An Intellectual Disability: Perspectives Of Professionals And Those Involved With Their Care., Rebecca Donovan
Theses
Restrictive practices “are an infringement of a person’s fundamental rights to personal liberty and bodily integrity” (Health Information and Quality Authority, 2019, p.1). The most recent study in Ireland, found 23% of the 627 inspection reports by HIQA, human-right were violated by the use of restrictive practices (Murphy and Bantry- White, 2021). It is recognised that the core function of restrictive practices is to stop, or prevent, an individual from doing something they wish to do, in such a way that manages challenging behaviour outbursts, and provides safety for both staff and service users (Nankervis and Chan, 2021). The uncertain …
The Impact Of Long-Term Travel On The Socio-Political Consciousness Of South Carolina Students, Sierra Davis
The Impact Of Long-Term Travel On The Socio-Political Consciousness Of South Carolina Students, Sierra Davis
The Winthrop McNair Research Bulletin
This pilot study’s driving force is to contribute to the student travel and study abroad literature and provide insight for social workers interested in practice on the global level. Social Work practice strongly emphasizes the importance of continuing education. On the macro level, advocacy and knowledge of policy can inform actions taken in the field. Literature surrounding study abroad among students typically focuses on cultural and educational impact, with little broad research focus on how study abroad experiences impact global awareness. The United Nations created a list of goals, known as the Sustainable Development Goals, aimed towards the rectification of …
Influences On The Attachment Style Of Deaf Adults With Hearing Parents, Ellen Schaefer-Salins
Influences On The Attachment Style Of Deaf Adults With Hearing Parents, Ellen Schaefer-Salins
JADARA
The current study explored variables that could contribute to the development of a secure or insecure attachment style of 15 deaf adults between the ages of 30 and 50 with hearing parents. There is a paucity of information on the relationship of deaf adults to their hearing parent and how that relationship may influence attachment. For the current study, quantitative methods were used to explore both childhood and adulthood variables, such as type of communication used with parents, type and level of schooling, and current attachment style. Variables also studied include age, gender, race, birth order, marital status, the hearing …
Mental/Behavioural Health And Educational Outcomes Of Grandchildren Raised By Custodial Grandparents: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review, Yanfeng Xu Ph.D., Yao Wang, Lauren P. Mccarthy, Theresa Harrison, Hanna Doherty
Mental/Behavioural Health And Educational Outcomes Of Grandchildren Raised By Custodial Grandparents: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review, Yanfeng Xu Ph.D., Yao Wang, Lauren P. Mccarthy, Theresa Harrison, Hanna Doherty
Faculty and Staff Publications
Grandparents caring for grandchildren has increased globally in the past two decades, but we have a limited understanding of its effects on custodial grandchildren's mental/behavioural health and educational outcomes. This mixed methods systematic review aims to synthesise mental/behavioural health and educational outcomes of custodial grandchildren within custodial grandparent-headed families and with comparison to other types of household structure and further examine factors associated with these outcomes. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted. We searched ERIC, Family Studies Abstracts, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Social Work Abstract and SocINDEX in March 2021 and …