Social Work Commons^™

Child Spacing And Contraception Among The Poor In Zambia., Rashmi Gupta, Vijayan K. Pillai

Social Work Faculty Publications & Presentations-Archive

For decades, family planning programs have targeted women in developing countries. These programs bestow a great deal of autonomy on women with respect to fertility decision making. It is well known that a number of close relatives in multigenerational and extended family systems influence women’s fertility decisions with respect to child spacing and contraceptive use. One approach toward a systematic study of fertility decision making is to explicitly consider the husband’s influences on fertility decision making. This study examines the effects of a selected number of factors on the desired birth interval lengths. We interviewed husbands and wives separately from …

Staying On Course: The Effects Of Savings And Assets On The College Progress Of Young Adults, William Elliott Iii, Sondra G. Beverly

Center for Social Development Research

Increasingly, college graduation is seen as a necessary step toward achieving the American Dream. However, large disparities exist in graduation rates. This study examines the college progress of young adults. Findings suggest that 57% of young adults between the ages of 17 and 23 are “on course,” that is, are currently attending or have graduated from college. Those with family assets and savings of their own are more likely to be on course. In multivariate analysis, both net worth and youth school savings are strong predictors of college progress. Youth school savings and parental savings for youth are strong predictors …

Poverty, Vulnerability, And Provision Of Healthcare In Afghanistan, Jean-Francois Trani, Parul Bakhshi, Ayan A. Noor, Dominque Lopez, Ashraf Mashkoor

Brown School Faculty Publications

This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ongoing debate about barriers to healthcare in low-income as well as fragile states. In 2002, the Government of Afghanistan established a Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS), contracting primary healthcare delivery to non-state providers. The priority was to give access to the most vulnerable groups: women, children, disabled persons, and the poorest households. In 2005, we conducted a nationwide survey, and using a logistic regression model, investigated provider choice. We also measured associations between perceived availability and usefulness of healthcare providers. Our results indicate that the …

International Volunteerism In The United States, 2008, Benjamin Lough

Center for Social Development Research

Over one million individuals reported volunteering internationally in 2008. Young or middle-aged, White, college graduates with higher incomes, employed full-time, and married without dependent children were the most frequent candidates for volunteer service abroad. The majority of international volunteers served with a faith-based organization. Data for this report were gathered from the September 2004 through September 2009 volunteer supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS)—a monthly survey of approximately 60,000 households. The volunteer supplement includes questions about service performed domestically and abroad. Two items specifically assess the rate and frequency of international volunteer service. More detailed information about sampling, definitions, …

The Child As Held In The Mind Of The Mother: The Influence Of Prenatal Maternal Representations On Parenting Behaviors, Carolyn Joy Dayton, Alytia A. Levendosky, William S. Davidson, G. Anne Bogat

Social Work Faculty Publications

Using a longitudinal design, this study examined the relationship of a mother’s prenatal representation of her child and her parenting behavior with that child at one-year-of-age in a sample of women who were either exposed or not exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) (n = 164; mean child age = 1.1 years, sd = .11 years; 52% male). Controlling for prenatal IPV, a MANCOVA analysis revealed that prenatal representational typology was significantly related to parenting behavior one year post-partum. Mothers whose representations were affectively deactivated (disengaged) were more behaviorally controlling with their children. Mothers whose representations were affectively overactivated (distorted) …

The Children's Bureau: Research Note, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This research note brings together some of the well-known facts about one of the very first national public human service agencies in the U.S., together with a variety of lesser-known aspects. This unpublished research note includes information gathered from the National Archives.

Living In A Mixed-Income Development: Resident Perceptions Of The Benefits And Disadvantages Of Two Developments In Chicago, Mark L. Joseph

Faculty Scholarship

Policy-makers in several countries are turning to income- and tenure-mixing strategies in an attempt to reverse decades of social and economic isolation in impoverished urban areas. In the US city of Chicago, all high-rise public housing developments across the city are being demolished, public housing residents are being dispersed throughout the metropolitan area and 10 new mixed-income developments are being created on the footprint of former public housing complexes. Findings are presented from in-depth interviews with residents across income levels and tenures at two mixed income developments and the paper explores residents’ perceptions of the physical, psychological and social impacts …

Cognitive And Psychodynamic Mechanisms Of Change In Treated And Untreated Depression, Daniel Coleman, Diane Cole, Leslie Wuest

Faculty Publications - College of Social Work

Two patient-level mechanisms of change, defenses, and cognition were tested over 3 time points in 65 depressed adults, approximately half receiving treatment. Early changes in automatic thoughts and immature defenses were associated with symptom change from time-one to time-three. The directionality of early automatic thought change predicting symptom change was partially supported, but immature defense change occurs simultaneously with, or after, symptom change. Given the convergent evidence of cognitive change as a mediator of depression reduction, all depression therapies should consider how they address depressive cognition. To build a more complete understanding of how to ameliorate depression, future studies should …

Review Of Health Disparities In The United States: Social Class, Race, Ethnicity, And Health. Donald A. Barr. Reviewed By Krista Drescher-Burke., Krista Drescher-Burke

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Donald A. Barr, Health Disparities in the United States: Social Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Health. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. $40.00 papercover.

The President's Emergency Plan For Aids Relief (Pepfar): A Social Work Ethical Analysis And Recommendations, Robert J. Barney, Stephan L. Buckingham, Judith M. Friedrich, Lisa M. Johnson, Michael A. Robinson, Bibhuti K. Sar

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the most recent international social program instituted by the U.S. Government to combat HIV/AIDS. Since its inception in 2003, this foreign policy initiative has dedicated $63 billion for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in foreign countries. Despite PEPFAR's many accomplishments, it continues to promote controversial prevention strategies. This paper analyzes these prevention strategies, utilizing social work values as described in the NASW Code of Ethics. Policy, practice, and research implications are discussed.

Review Of God's Heart Has No Borders: How Religious Activists Are Working For Immigrant Rights. Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo. Reviewed By Jennifer Morazes., Jennifer Morazes

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, God's Heart has no Borders: How Religious Activists are Working for Immigrant Rights. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2008. $21.95 papercover.

Review Of The Nordic Model: Scandinavia Since 1945. Mary Hilson. Reviewed By Anupama Jacob., Anupama Jacob

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Mary Hilson, The Nordic Model: Scandinavia Since 1945. London: Reaktion Books, 2008. $24.95 papercover. (Available From the University of Chicago Press.)

Social Justice Implications Of The Organism Metaphor, Gerald V. O'Brien

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The denigration of marginalized groups is frequently supported through the widespread employment of metaphors that present a pejorative image of the group in question. The organism metaphor, wherein the target group is portrayed as a threat to the integrity of the social body, is a particularly important metaphoric theme in the advancement of social injustice. Drawing largely from primary source documents, this paper provides an overview of the organism metaphor as it has been employed historically to denigrate various social subgroups. Implications for the social work profession are discussed.

The Changing Nature Of Accountability In Administrative Practice, Lawrence L. Martin, Kathryn Frahm

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article looks at the subject of accountability in the administration of the human services. The history of accountability over the last four decades is chronicled and discussed. The point is made that during this period, funders have largely determined the nature of accountability. Because funders have been primarily concerned with funding, accountability has tended to be financial in nature. The authors argue that the focus on financial accountability had two major detrimental effects. First, programmatic accountability was reduced to secondary importance. Second, a wedge was driven between macro administrative practice and micro direct practice as social work managers and …

Review Of Reassembling Social Security: A Survey Of Pensions And Health Care Reforms In Latin America. Carmelo Mesa-Lago. Reviewed By James Midgley, James Midgley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Carmelo Mesa-Lago, Reassembling Social Security: A Survey of Pensions and Health care Reforms in Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. $150.00 hardcover.

Review Of The Politics Of Identity: Solidarity Building Among America's Working Poor. Erin E. O'Brien. Reviewed By Robert D. Weaver., Robert D. Weaver

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Erin E. O'Brien. The Politics of Identity: Solidarity Building Among America's Working Poor. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2008. $80.00 hardcover, $28.95 papercover.

Review Of Against The Wall: Poor, Young, Black And Male. Elijah Anderson. Reviewed By Paul G. Wright., Paul G. Wright

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Elijah Anderson, Against the Wall: Poor, Young, Black and Male. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press, Reissue edition, 2009. $24.95 papercover.

Confronting Oppression Not Enhancing Functioning: The Role Of Social Workers Within Postmodern Practice, Phillip Dybicz

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article represents a philosophical hermeneutic endeavor to explore the meaning of oppression as it expresses itself within social work practices based in both modern and postmodern thought. Practices based within the Modern Discourse, drawing from an authority base of scientific expertise, exhibit a disconnect between the goal of enhancing functioning and social work values and concerns such as confronting oppression; this disconnect must be bridged by the social worker. Practices based within the Postmodern Discourse are founded upon the notion of confronting oppressive narratives as their main goal; social work values are an essential component in this process.

Exploring Homeowner Opposition To Public Housing Developments, Joanna Duke

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper examines the beliefs and attitudes of homeowners in two receiving communities of public housing units. Opposition to housing mobility programs is generally attributed to fear offalling property values and increased crime rates. Given the spatial and redistributive nature of the programs, this paper proposes and explores space and liberty-based ideologies as causes ofdormant opposition persisting beyond relocation. Survey data were collected from two neighborhoods where developments containing public housing were located. Results indicate that ideologies about space and liberty are important to understanding receiving community opposition as well as the extent to which members of the receiving community …

Evaluation Of The House Of Healing: An Alternative To Female Incarceration, Sara Lichtenwalter, Maria L. Garase, David B. Barker

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The House of Healing (HOH) is a court-mandated, community based residential program for female offenders. Women reside with their children at the HOH, which serves as a base from which to receive health/mental health care and substance abuse treatment while working toward successful community reintegration. An evaluation based on the records of 94 female offenders residing at the HOH for various time periods between 1998 and 2006 revealed a significant relationship between residents' reunification with their children and successful completion of the HOH program. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between successful program completion and female offenders' recidivism.

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 37, No. 1 (March 2010)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• THE PRESIDENT'S EMERGENCY PLAN FOR AIDS RELIEF (PEPFAR): A SOCIAL WORK ETHICAL ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - Robert J. Barney, Stephan L. Buckingham, Judith M. Friedrich, Lisa M. Johnson, Michael A. Robinson, and Bibhuti K. Sar
• CONFRONTING OPPRESSION NOT ENHANCING FUNCTIONING: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS WITHIN POSTMODERN PRACTICE - Phillip Dybicz
• EXPLORING HOMEOWNER OPPOSITION TO PUBLIC HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS - Joanna Duke
• EVALUATION OF THE HOUSE OF HEALING: AN ALTERNATIVE TO FEMALE INCARCERATION - Sara Lichtenwalter, Maria L. Garase, and David B. Barker 75
• SOCIAL JUSTICE IMPLICATION OF THE ORGANISM METAPHOR - Gerald V O'Brien
• "LIKE A PRISON!": …

"Like A Prison!": Homeless Women's Narratives Of Surviving Shelter, Sarah L. Deward, Angela M. Moe

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Relying on field observation and twenty qualitative interviews with shelter residents, this article examines how the bureaucracy and institutionalization within a homeless shelter fits various tenets of Goffman's (1961) "total institution," particularly with regard to systematic deterioration of personhood and loss of autonomy. Women's experiences as shelter residents are then explored via a typology of survival strategies: submission, adaptation, and resistance. This research contributes to existing literature on gendered poverty by analyzing the nuanced ways in which institutionalization affects and complicates women's efforts to survive homelessness.

Institutional Structures Of Opportunity In Refugee Resettlement: Gender, Race/Ethnicity, And Refugee Ngos, Stephanie J. Nawyn

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Previous research suggests that social welfare assistance can further subordinate already disadvantaged recipients. Refugee resettlement, essentially a social welfare program, offers a diferent perspective on how welfare assistance might exert social control. Using data gathered from 60 in-depth interviews with people working in resettlement and observations at refugee non-governmental organizations (NGOs), this paper argues that refugee NGOs provide a complex institutional opportunity structure that has the potential to reproduce the gender and racial/ethnic subordination embedded in refugee welfare policy while also providing opportunities for refugees to counteract subordinating gender and racial/ethnic relations through advocacy and cultural activities. These findings refine …

Review Of Inheriting The City: The Children Of Immigrants Come Of Age. Philip Kasinitz, John H. Mollenkopf, Mary C. Waters And Jennifer Holdaway. Reviewed By Joanna Doran., Joanna Doran

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Philip Kasinitz, John H. Mollenkopf, Mary C. Waters and Jennifer Holdaway, Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008. $49.95 hardcover

Review Of Culture And The Welfare State. Wim Van Oorschot, Michael Opielka And Birgit Pfau-Effinger (Eds.). Reviewed By James Midgley., James Midgley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Wim van Oorschot, Michael Opielka and Birgit Pfau-Effinger (Eds.) Culture and the Welfare State: Values and Social Policy in Comparative Perspective. Williston, VT: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008. $140.00, hardcover.

Review Of Adoption In The United States: A Reference For Families, Professionals, And Students. Martha J. Henry And Daniel Pollack. Reviewed By Dorinda N. Noble., Dorinda N. Noble

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Martha J. Henry and Daniel Pollack, Adoption in the United States: A Reference for Families, Professionals, and Students. Chicago, IL: Lyceum, 2008. $42.95 papercover.

Review Of When Mothers Kill: Interviews From Prison. Michelle Oberman And Cheryl Meyer. Reviewed By Mary Ann Kanieski., Mary Ann Kanieski

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Michelle Oberman and Cheryl Meyer, When Mothers Kill: Interviews from Prison. New York: New York University Press, 2008. $24.00 hardcover.

Review Of The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, And The Nation. Leo R. Chavez. Reviewed By Barbara Robles., Barbara Robles

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Leo R. Chavez, The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens and the Nation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008. $21.95 papercover.

Review Of Citizens And Paupers: Relief, Rights, And Race, From The Freedmen's Bureau To Workfare. Chad Alan Goldberg. Reviewed By James Midgley., James Midgley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Chad Alan Goldberg, Citizens and Paupers: Relief, Rights, and Race, from the Freedmen's Bureau to Workfare. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2008. $22.00 papercover.

Asset Building In The South: Organizations And Services, Gena Gunn, Jennifer Heffern, Karen Edwards

Center for Social Development Research

Asset Building in the South: Organizations and Services