Social Work Commons^™

The Challenge Of Integrating Social Justice Content; Making The Abstract Concrete, Simon Funge, Rashida Crutchfield, Lisa Jennings

Social Work Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Asian Americans’ Concerns And Plans About Alzheimer's Disease: The Role Of Exposure, Literacy And Cultural Beliefs, Yuri Jang, Hyumwoo Yoon, Nan Sook Park, Min-Kyoung Rhee, David A. Chiriboga

Social Work Faculty Publications

Responding to the increase of the Asian American population and the growing imperative to address issues on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in diverse populations, this study examined Asian Americans’ concerns about AD (both concerns about one's own development of AD and about becoming an AD caregiver) and plans for AD. Focus was given on exploring the role of AD exposure, AD literacy and cultural beliefs about AD in predicting AD‐related concerns and plans. Using data from 2,609 participants in the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life survey (aged 18–98), logistic regression models of three outcome measures (concerns about one's own development …

Barriers And Facilitators To Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Peruvian Adolescents Living With Hiv: A Qualitative Study, Jerome Galea, Milagros Wong, Maribel Muñoz, Emiliano Valle, Segundo R. Leon, Dayana D. Perez, Lenka Kolevic, Molly F. Franke

Social Work Faculty Publications

AIDS deaths among adolescents are increasing globally. This qualitative study investigated the barriers and facilitators to cART adherence among Peruvian adolescents living with HIV. Guided by a social ecological model, we analyzed transcripts from 24 psychosocial support groups for HIV-positive adolescents aged 13–17 years and 15 individual, in-depth interviews with cART providers and caregivers to identify the barriers and facilitators to cART adherence at the individual, family/caregiver and hospital levels. Most barriers and facilitators to cART adherence clustered at the individual and family/caregiver levels, centering on support provided to adolescents; history of declining health due to suboptimal cART adherence; side …

Barriers And Facilitators To Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Peruvian Adolescents Living With Hiv: A Qualitative Study, Jerome T. Galea, Milagros Wong, Maribel Muñoz, Emiliano Valle, Segundo R. Leon, Dayana D. Perez, Lenka Kolevic, Molly Franke

Social Work Faculty Publications

AIDS deaths among adolescents are increasing globally. This qualitative study investigated the barriers and facilitators to cART adherence among Peruvian adolescents living with HIV. Guided by a social ecological model, we analyzed transcripts from 24 psychosocial support groups for HIV-positive adolescents aged 13–17 years and 15 individual, in-depth interviews with cART providers and caregivers to identify the barriers and facilitators to cART adherence at the individual, family/caregiver and hospital levels. Most barriers and facilitators to cART adherence clustered at the individual and family/caregiver levels, centering on support provided to adolescents; history of declining health due to suboptimal cART adherence; side …

Crucial But Understudied: Incentives In Hiv Research, Brandon Brown, Jerome T. Galea, Karine Dubé

Social Work Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Use Of 'Eradication' In Hiv Cure-Related Research: A Public Health Debate, Karine Dubé, Stuart Luter, Breanne Lesnar, Luke Newton, Jerome T. Galea, Brandon Brown, Sarah Gianella

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: The landscape of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research has changed drastically over the past three decades. With the remarkable success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in decreasing AIDS-related mortality, some researchers have shifted their HIV research focus from treatment to cure research. The HIV cure research community often uses the term eradication to describe the science, and talks about eradicating the virus from the body. In public discourse, the term eradication could be conflated with disease eradication at the population level. In this paper, we call for a reframing of HIV cure research as control, as it is a …

Self-Care Among Social Workers Employed In Rural Settings: A Cross-Sectional Investigation, Diane N. Loeffler, J. Jay Miller, Theresia M. Pachner

Social Work Faculty Publications

Despite growing recognition about the importance of self-care for social work professionals, research related to the topic has not kept pace with the changing landscape of the profession. Particularly, self-care practices among rural social work professionals have been overlooked in the research. Rural social work practice is, in many ways, decidedly different from practice in more urban areas. Thus, the primary aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the personal and professional self-care practices of rural social workers. Specifically, the study sough to better understand how often social workers engage in self-care and whether or not there are associations …

Understanding The Impact Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Men’S Risk Behavior: Protocol For A Mixed-Methods Study, Martin J. Downing Jr., Dominique Brown, Jeffrey Steen, Ellen Benoit

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) remains a critical public health issue among black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM), as it is associated with multiple negative outcomes including substance misuse, poor mental health, revictimization, and high-risk sexual behavior. Most CSA research with MSM relies on quantitative assessment that often precludes consideration of cultural variations in how formative sexual experiences are understood and is based on inconsistent or overly restrictive definitions of abuse, and therefore may fail to detect certain abusive experiences (eg, those involving female perpetrators), which can have harmful health consequences if they remain unrecognized. …

Deliberative Dialogue: An Interdisciplinary Tool Promoting Civil Discourse And Enhancing Civic Literacy, Gayle Mallinger, Molly Kerby

Social Work Faculty Publications

Overview:

• Basic concepts of deliberative dialogue as an interdisciplinary tool
• Deliberative dialogue as a instrument for civil discourse
• The efficacy of deliberative dialogue on civic literacy

The Relationship Between Anogenital Hpv Types And Incident Hiv Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender Women In Lima, Peru: Findings From A Prospective Cohort Study, Brandon Brown, Logan Marg, Segundo R. Leon, Cynthia Chen, Junice Ng Yi Siu, Gino Calvo, Hugo Sánchez, Jerome T. Galea

Social Work Faculty Publications

Although it is known that individuals living with HIV have a higher HPV prevalence, the impact of individual HPV types on HIV acquisition is less clear. In this prospective cohort study we investigated the relationship between HPV types and incident HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Lima, Peru. Six hundred HIV-negative Peruvian MSM and TW participated in a 2-year study with biannual visits. At baseline, participants completed a computerized, self-administered questionnaire on sexual behavior and HPV knowledge and underwent a physical exam including anogenital swabs for HPV DNA (37 genotypes via …

Genotypic Clustering Does Not Imply Recent Tuberculosis Transmission In A High Prevalence Setting: A Genomic Epidemiology Study In Lima, Peru, Avika Dixit, Luca Freschi, Roger Vargas, Roger Calderon, James Sacchettini, Francis Drobniewski, Jerome Galea, Carmen Contreras, Rosa Yataco, Zibiao Zhang

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can elucidate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission patterns but more data is needed to guide its use in high-burden settings. In a household-based transmissibility study of 4,000 TB patients in Lima, Peru, we identified a large MIRU-VNTR Mtb cluster with a range of resistance phenotypes and studied host and bacterial factors contributing to its spread.

Methods: WGS was performed on 61 of 148 isolates in the cluster. We compared transmission link inference using epidemiological or genomic data with and without the inclusion of controversial variants, and estimated the dates of emergence of the cluster and antimicrobial …

The Risk Typology Of Healthcare Access And Its Association With Unmet Healthcare Needs In Asian Americans, Yuri Jang, Nan Sook Park, Hyunwoo Yoon, Ya-Ching Huang, Min-Kyoung Rhee, David A. Chiriboga, Miyong T. Kim

Social Work Faculty Publications

Using data from the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life Survey (N = 2,609), latent profile analysis was conducted on general (health insurance, usual place for care and income) and immigrant‐specific (nativity, length of stay in the U.S., English proficiency and acculturation) risk factors of healthcare access. Latent profile analysis identified a three‐cluster model (low‐risk, moderate‐risk and high‐risk groups). Compared with the low‐risk group, the odds of having an unmet healthcare need was 1.52 times greater in the moderate‐risk group and 2.24 times greater in the high‐risk group. Challenging the myth of model minority, the present sample of Asian …

Preparing To Launch The ‘Thinking Healthy Programme’ Perinatal Depression Intervention In Urban Lima, Peru: Experiences From The Field, B. S. Eappen, M. Aguilar, K. Ramos, C. Contreras, M. C. Prom, P. Scorza, B. Gelaye, M. Rondon, G. Raviola, Jerome T. Galea

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background. An estimated 19–25% of perinatal women in low- and middle-income countries are affected by depression which, untreated, is associated with multiple health problems for mothers and children. Nonetheless, few perinatal women have access to depression care. The Thinking Healthy Programme (THP), promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO), is an evidence-based, non-specialist delivered depression intervention that addresses this care gap. However, the WHO THP manual explains intervention delivery but not the antecedents to implementation. Here, we describe a principled, planned approach leading to the implementation of THP in Lima, Peru by the non-profit organization Socios En Salud with community …

Measurement Equivalence Of English Versus Native Language Versions Of The Kessler 6 (K6) Scale: An Examination In Three Asian American Groups, Yuri Jang, Daniel A. Powers, Hyunwoo Yoon, Min-Kyoung Rhee, Nan Sook Park, David A. Chiriboga

Social Work Faculty Publications

The use of languages other than English in population-based surveys is necessitated by the linguistic diversities in the United States. However, inclusion of multiple languages in survey data collection raises concerns about whether an instrument administered in different languages functions equivalently across groups. Using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 6 (K6), the present study examined differential item functioning (DIF) between surveys conducted either in English or the native language of the groups of Chinese Americans (n = 622), Korean Americans (n = 471), and Vietnamese Americans (n = 513). DIF analyses using a series of multiple-indicator multiple-cause models showed that …

Community Strengthening And Mental Health System Linking After Flooding In Two Informal Human Settlements In Peru: A Model For Small-Scale Disaster Response, Carmen C. Contreras, M. Aguilar, B. Eappen, C. Guzmán, P. Carrasco, A. K. Millones, Jerome T. Galea

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: Mental health is an important factor in responding to natural disasters. Observations of unmet mental health needs motivated the subsequent development of a community-based mental health intervention following one such disaster affecting Peru in 2017.

Methods: Two informal human settlements on the outskirts of Lima were selected for a mental health intervention that included: (1) screening for depression and domestic violence, (2) children's activities to strengthen social and emotional skills and diminish stress, (3) participatory theater activities to support conflict resolution and community resilience, and (4) community health worker (CHW) accompaniment to government health services.

Results: A total of …

Perceptions Of Macro Social Work Education: An Exploratory Study Of Educators And Practitioners, Katherine Hill, Christina L. Erickson, Linda P. Donaldson, Sondra J. Fogel, Sarah M. Ferguson

Social Work Faculty Publications

Social work graduate education is responsive to and reflective of larger environmental forces, including economic and job market trends, regulations by diverse organizations, and student interests. A national online survey of macro social work educators (n=208) and macro social work practitioners (n=383) explored their perceptions of the intersections between these forces and graduate social work education. Findings indicate that while there remains a consistent level of support for and inclusion of macro social work within MSW programs from both groups, macro practitioners identified a concurrent experience of negative perceptions, attitudes, and experiences toward macro social work education while in their …

Grand Challenges In School Social Work: Collaboration And Constraint In School Social Workers’ Sexuality Support For Children With Disabilities, Sharon J. Bolin, Heidi Adams Rueda, Kristen Faye Linton

Social Work Faculty Publications

Children with disabilities (CWD) face challenges to the development of their sexuality, in part due to a lack of appropriate, tailored sexual education in schools, role ambiguity regarding provision of sexual health services, and widespread discomfort with the topic. However, CWD have unique sexual health needs, an increased vulnerability to sexual and other forms of violence, and desire for skills and knowledge to build relationships. Using a phenomenological lens, authors conducted semistructured interviews with eight school social workers to understand how they are working with other professionals to support sexual and relational health of CWD (ages three to 11). Results …

Polyclonal Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infections And Risk For Multidrug Resistance, Lima, Peru, Ruvandhi R. Nathavitharana, Cynthia X. Shi, Leonid. Chindelevitch, Roger Calderon, Zibiao Zhang, Jerome T. Galea, Carmen C. Contreras, Rosa Yataco, Leonid Lecca, Mercedes C. Becerra, Megan B. Murray, Ted Cohen

Social Work Faculty Publications

Because within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis diversity complicates diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB), we measured diversity prevalence and associated factors among 3,098 pulmonary TB patients in Lima, Peru. The 161 patients with polyclonal infection were more likely than the 115 with clonal or the 2,822 with simple infections to have multidrug-resistant TB.

Queerness And Dating Violence Among Adolescent Mothers In Foster Care, Autumn M. Bermea, Heidi Adams Rueda, Michelle L. Toews

Social Work Faculty Publications

Adolescent mothers, queer, and foster youth are all groups at heightened vulnerability for teen dating violence victimization. It is unknown how mothers in residential foster care perceive and experience violence within same-sex relationships. Literature suggests, however, that violence within these contexts may be met by minimization and even denial on behalf of practitioners (e.g., social workers) who may not have a comprehensive understanding of how to best serve queer clients, especially clients who may not be automatically perceived as queer (e.g., adolescent mothers). The present study utilized a mixed qualitative methodological approach to triangulate the perspectives of program staff ( …

Peruvian Mental Health Reform: A Framework For Scaling-Up Mental Health Services, Mauricio Toyama, Humberto Castillo, Jerome T. Galea, L.R. Brandt, María Mendoza, Vanessa Herrera, Martha Mitrani, Yuri Cutipé, Victoria Cavero, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Jaime J. Miranda

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) use disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide; specifically in Peru, MNS affect 1 in 5 persons. However, the great majority of people suffering from these disorders do not access care, thereby making necessary the improvement of existing conditions including a major rearranging of current health system structures beyond care delivery strategies. This paper reviews and examines recent developments in mental health policies in Peru, presenting an overview of the initiatives currently being introduced and the main implementation challenges they face.

Methods: Key documents issued by Peruvian governmental entities regarding mental …

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale Among Youth In Mexico, Steven Hoffman, Heidi Adams Rueda, Matthew C. Lambert

Social Work Faculty Publications

The internal structure of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis for a sample of youth living in Michoacán, Mexico. While the chi-square test of model fit suggested misfit to the data, the alternative fit indices and standardized factor loadings supported the conclusion that the items are adequate and reliable indicators of a single underlying latent factor. The utilization of this strengths-based mental health instrument could help circumvent some of the negativity and stigma inherent in traditional mental health assessments.

Dropped In Without A Parachute: Library Managers’ Supervision Experiences, Simon Funge, Audrey Robinson-Nkongola, Laura Delancey, Austin G. Griffiths

Social Work Faculty Publications

A survey of U.S. library managers explored the relationship between their social identities, experiences supervising others, support from others, and their overall satisfaction in their professional role. The literature provides evidence that demographic differences give rise to challenges in the workplace. Though no statistically significant differences were found between minority and nonminority managers related to supervisees' microaggressive behaviors, written commentary provided evidence of these and other supervision challenges. A regression analysis found that supervisees' behaviors, along with a manager's age, were significant predictors of their satisfaction as a supervisor. Recommendations for further research and implications for libraries emerge from these …

Hpv Vaccine Knowledge And Acceptability Among Peruvian Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender Women: A Pilot, Qualitative Study, Jerome T. Galea, Emmi Monsour, César R. Nureña, Magaly M. Blas, Brandon Brown

Social Work Faculty Publications

Purpose Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally and is responsible for a variety of cancers in men and women. An effective HPV vaccine licensed for use in girls and boys has been indicated forbut is not widely implemented in men who have sex with men (MSM). Limited data are available for transgender women (TW). We explored the social and behavioral aspects related to HPV vaccine uptake and participation in HPV vaccine studies among Peruvian MSM and TW.

Methods Focus groups and individual in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain the knowledge, thoughts, and opinions from Peruvian …

The Impact Of A Civic Service Program On Biopsychosocial Outcomes Of Post 9/11 U.S. Military Veterans, Monica M. Matthieu, Karen A. Lawrence, Emma Robertson-Blackmore

Social Work Faculty Publications

Volunteering as a health promotion intervention, improves physical health, mental health, and social outcomes particularly in older adults, yet limited research exists for veterans. We conducted a preliminary study to explore whether volunteering impacts a variety of biopsychosocial outcomes, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, among returning military veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan. A survey enrolling a prospective cohort of United States (U.S.) veterans who served in the military after 11 September 2001 and who participated in a national civic service program was conducted. A total of 346 veterans completed standardized health, mental health, and psychosocial self-report …

Graduating Msw Students’ Recommended Interventions For Teen Dating Violence: A Descriptive Analysis, Heidi Adams Rueda, Alicia Hawley, Beverly M. Black, Bernadette Ombayo

Social Work Faculty Publications

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a widespread issue that social workers are likely to encounter in their practice with youth, yet little research exists concerning their preparedness to do so. This study assessed the proposed interventions of graduating MSW students (n=73) from two accredited universities in response to two scenarios of TDV. Each scenario reflected various forms of relational violence. Nearly one-third of students’ proposed interventions focused on the need to deliver some form of education, healthy relationships being the most prevalent theme. Other interventions included teaching about appropriate boundaries, issues of control and anger, self-esteem-building, and communication skills. The …

Teaching At Branch Campuses: The Faculty Experience, Whitney Harper, Larry W. Owens, Simon Funge, Dana J. Sullivan

Social Work Faculty Publications

There is limited research on the perceptions of faculty who teach branch campus students. Exploratory in nature, this qualitative study explored the branch campus teaching experiences of a particular subset of educators – those who teach in social work education programs. The paper will discuss social work faculty members’ perspectives about the advantages and challenges of teaching branch campus students. Eighty-one social work educators from twenty-six states completed an online survey developed by the researchers. The survey included qualitative questions that explored both resident and non-resident faculty members’ perceptions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of teaching branch campus students. The …

Theory Informed Practice For Undergraduate Social Work Students: Impact On Cultural Competence, Gayle Mallinger, April Murphy

Social Work Faculty Publications

Human Behavior & the Social Environment EPAS 2015

• Competencies 6-9
• Compentency 2

Theory informed mezzo/macro practice

Hpv Knowledge, Burden And Genital Wart Location Among Heterosexually Identified Versus Homosexually Identified Men Who Have Sex With Men In Lima, Peru: Cross-Sectional Results From A Cohort Study, Jerome T. Galea, Segundo R. León, Jesús Peinado, Gino Calvo, Jonathan Zamora, Hugo Sánchez, Brandon J. Brown

Social Work Faculty Publications

Objectives: The relationship between sexual practices, identity and role among Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV risk is the subject of ongoing investigation but less is known about how these aspects of sexuality relate to human papilloma-virus (HPV), an independent risk factor for HIV. This observational study investigated the relationship between HPV and sexual practices, identity and role as well as other sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV risk factors among HIV-negative heterosexually and homosexually identified Peruvian MSM.

Setting: Community-based clinic for MSM in Lima, Peru.

Participants: 756 subjects were screened based on inclusion criteria of: born anatomically …

Mental Disorders And Drug/Alcohol Use In Patients Commencing Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, J. Scuffell, D. Boccia, F. Garcia Velarde, Segundo R. Leon, G. Raviola, Leonid Lecca, Jerome T. Galea

Social Work Faculty Publications

Mental disorders and alcohol/drug use worsen treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), but data are lacking for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. We investigated the association of baseline mental disorders and alcohol/drug use on XDR-TB treatment outcomes in a retrospective study of 53 XDR-TB Peruvian patients during 2010–2012. Logistic regression estimated the odds ratios for unfavourable XDR-TB treatment outcomes. Overall treatment success was 25%. Mental disorders and drug/alcohol use were found in respectively 22.4% and 20.4% of patients; neither were associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes. Future research should explore the relationship between mental health and drug/alcohol use in XDR-TB treatment outcomes.

Therapeutic Alliance And Adherence To A Plant-Based Eating Plan To Treat Chronic Disease, Michiel A. Zyl, Lesley M. Harris, Rachel Hale

Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: Systematic reviews show that a plant-based diet offers many benefits to patients with a variety of chronic illnesses. However, more research is needed to show how plant-based diets are successfully prescribed by physicians and what supports are essential for adherence. The primary research questions in this study were: Is therapeutic alliance correlated with adherence to the eating plan?; Does a change in therapeutic alliance result in a change in adherence?; and How do patients view the doctor-patient relationship and adherence? Methods: This multiple methods feasibility study combined cross-sectional pre-post and six-month follow-up survey, a focus group and case study …