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Articles 91 - 108 of 108
Full-Text Articles in Social Work
Toward A Conceptual Model Linking Community Violence Exposure To Hiv-Related Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents: Directions For Research, Dexter R. Voisin
Toward A Conceptual Model Linking Community Violence Exposure To Hiv-Related Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents: Directions For Research, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
Purpose: To present a conceptual framework which accounts for the relationship between community violence exposures (CVEs) and youth HIV risk behaviors. Methods: This article provides an overview of existing research on the links between CVE and HIV risk for youth and offers a conceptual framework for clarifying how CVE might contribute to HIV sexual risk behaviors. Results: Increasing empirical findings substantiate that the links between CVE and HIV risk behaviors among youth are mediated by psychological problem behaviors, low school success rates, and negative peer influences. Conclusions: Researchers have identified the behaviors that place teens at risk for becoming infected …
Whose Space? Whose Rules? Social Challenges In Mixed-Income Developments, Mark L. Joseph
Whose Space? Whose Rules? Social Challenges In Mixed-Income Developments, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
Mixed-income developments are being built in Chicago and across the country as a strategy to help address poverty and rebuild communities in the inner city. Tese eforts seek to attract higher-income residents to the sites of former public housing developments and integrate low-income residents back into them in contexts of greater safety, stability, opportunity, and order. Such eforts are not without challenges, however. Based on feldwork conducted between 2007 and 2009, this brief focuses in particular on the challenges raised in negotiating the uses and expectations of space in three mixed-income developments that are part of Chicago’s Plan for Transformation: …
Mechanisms Linking Violence Exposure And School Engagement Among African American Adolescents: Examining The Roles Of Psychological Problem Behaviors And Gender, Dexter R. Voisin
Mechanisms Linking Violence Exposure And School Engagement Among African American Adolescents: Examining The Roles Of Psychological Problem Behaviors And Gender, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
This study examines whether the relationship between violence exposure and school engagement is mediated by psychological problem behaviors and whether such relationships are gendered. Five hundred and sixty-three high school African American adolescents (ages 13-19 years) completed questionnaires that assessed two types of violence exposure (community violence and marital conflict), psychological problem behaviors (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, anxiety, withdrawal, and aggressive behaviors), and school engagement (i.e., student-teacher connectedness and grade point average [GPA] obtained from school records). For male adolescents, psychological problem behaviors collectively mediated the relationship between community violence exposure and student-teacher connectedness. For female adolescents, both community …
Is Mixed-Income Development An Antidote To Urban Poverty?, Mark L. Joseph
Is Mixed-Income Development An Antidote To Urban Poverty?, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
I critically assess the potential for mixed-income development as a means of helping lift families in U.S. inner cities out of poverty. I identify four main propositions for the promise of mixed-income development, provide a conceptual framework that delineates the pathways through which mixed-income development can be hypothesized to improve the quality of life for the urban poor, and review the evidence from existing research on the relevance of these propositions. Because of the scale and possible elimination of the HOPE VI (Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere) program, I pay particular attention to what we have learned from it. The …
Living In A Mixed-Income Development: Resident Perceptions Of The Benefits And Disadvantages Of Two Developments In Chicago, Mark L. Joseph
Living In A Mixed-Income Development: Resident Perceptions Of The Benefits And Disadvantages Of Two Developments In Chicago, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
Policy-makers in several countries are turning to income- and tenure-mixing strategies in an attempt to reverse decades of social and economic isolation in impoverished urban areas. In the US city of Chicago, all high-rise public housing developments across the city are being demolished, public housing residents are being dispersed throughout the metropolitan area and 10 new mixed-income developments are being created on the footprint of former public housing complexes. Findings are presented from in-depth interviews with residents across income levels and tenures at two mixed income developments and the paper explores residents’ perceptions of the physical, psychological and social impacts …
Creating Mixed-Income Developments In Chicago: Developer And Service Provider Perspectives, Mark L. Joseph
Creating Mixed-Income Developments In Chicago: Developer And Service Provider Perspectives, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
Mixed-income development has been embraced by policymakers across the country as a promising means of deconcentrating poverty and revitalizing inner city neighborhoods. The unprecedented scale of Chicago’s effort at mixed-income development provides an important opportunity to learn about the possibilities and challenges of this approach. Most of the new developments have completed at least one pre-occupancy phase of construction, marketing, and resident outreach. This paper explores the perspectives of two key actors in the mixed income development process: private developers and social service providers. In Depth interviews were conducted with 26 individuals working on nine of Chicago’s major new mixed-income …
Community Violence And Health Risk Factors Among Adolescents On Chicago's Southside: Does Gender Matter?, Dexter R. Voisin
Community Violence And Health Risk Factors Among Adolescents On Chicago's Southside: Does Gender Matter?, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
We assessed community violence, school engagement, negative peer influences, mental health problems, and human immunodeficiency virus risk among 563 black adolescents. Boys reported higher rates of community violence exposures and gang involvement, while girls reported higher mental health distress. In the presence of multiple risk factors, negative peer norms were the strongest correlate of human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors.
The Nature Of Social Interaction In Mixed-Income Developments, Mark L. Joseph
The Nature Of Social Interaction In Mixed-Income Developments, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
Tis brief focuses on early social relations in two mixed-income developments, Oakwood Shores and Westhaven Park, that are part of the City of Chicago’s Plan for Transformation. We investigate how diferent residents—relocated public housing residents,2 afordable and market-rate renters, and afordable and market-rate owners—describe and assess their social interactions with their neighbors. We frst discuss three main types of interactions among residents: Casual relations among neighbors; “Instrumental” exchanges of information or favors; Negative interactions. We then explore how these interactions compare to where residents used to live. Finally, we analyze barriers and challenges to interaction.
Creating And Sustaining Successful Mixed-Income Communities: Conceptualizing The Role Of Schools, Mark L. Joseph, Jessica Feldman
Creating And Sustaining Successful Mixed-Income Communities: Conceptualizing The Role Of Schools, Mark L. Joseph, Jessica Feldman
Faculty Scholarship
This article examines the theory and evidence behind the increased policy and scholarly interest in the role that schools might play in promoting neighborhood revitalization, focuses on the extent to which schools might be a key component in the growing efforts across the country to address urban poverty by creating and sustaining mixed-income neighborhoods, identifies five channels through which investment in high-quality public schools might help facilitate the types of neighborhood- and individual-level outcomes sought through mixed-income development, explores the theoretical arguments behind these pathways, and draws on research to assess the potential value of each. The article concludes that …
Living In A Mixed-Income Development: Resident Perceptions Of Benefits And Disadvantages, Mark L. Joseph
Living In A Mixed-Income Development: Resident Perceptions Of Benefits And Disadvantages, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
This brief focuses on early resident experiences in two mixed-income developments, Oakwood Shores and Westhaven Park, which are part of the City of Chicago’s Plan for Transformation. We investigate how diferent residents—relocated public housing renters,2 afordable and market-rate renters, and afordable and market-rate owners—perceive the early benefts and disadvantages of living in a mixed-income development. Respondents’ refections about their early experiences in the new mixed-income developments focus on the following four areas: Physical environment and quality of life; Emotional health and stress; Social relations among residents; Financial implications
Building Community In Mixed Income Developments: Assumptions, Approaches And Early Experiences, Mark L. Joseph
Building Community In Mixed Income Developments: Assumptions, Approaches And Early Experiences, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
As an urban-redevelopment strategy, the goals of mixed-income development are often talked about in terms of building “communityâ€â€”the shaping of environments, opportunities, and social arrangements that promote healthy neighborhood life, particularly for the low-income people who live there. This article explores the strategies engaged, expectations for, and early responses to efforts to build “community†in three mixed-income developments being built on the footprint of former public housing developments in Chicago. In doing so, it investigates the expectations among residents and stakeholders, distills and explores three major strategic orientations being engaged by developers and their partners, and examines how these strategies …
Low School Engagement And Sexual Behaviors Among African American Youth: Examining The Influences Of Gender, Peer Norms, And Gang Involvement, Dexter R. Voisin
Low School Engagement And Sexual Behaviors Among African American Youth: Examining The Influences Of Gender, Peer Norms, And Gang Involvement, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
This research examined whether negative peer influences (i.e., norms favoring risky sex and drug use and gang involvement) mediated the relationship between school engagement (i.e., grade point averages [GPAs] obtained from school records and student-teacher connectedness) and sexual behaviors (i.e., sexual début, sex without condoms, group sex, and sex while using drugs) among African American high school adolescents, and whether these relationships varied by gender. Five hundred sixty-three high school adolescents (ages 13 to 19) completed self-administered questionnaires that assessed school engagement markers, peer influences, sexual début, and risky sex. Major findings for boys indicate that GPA was negatively associated …
Evidence Matters (Spring 2009), Center For Evidence-Based Practices
Evidence Matters (Spring 2009), Center For Evidence-Based Practices
Evidence Matters
Newsletter of the Center for Evidence-Based Practices at Case Western Reserve University
Building Mixed-Income Communities: Documenting The Experience In Chicago Mixed-Income Development Study, Mark L. Joseph
Building Mixed-Income Communities: Documenting The Experience In Chicago Mixed-Income Development Study, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
Te goal of the research study is to inform a broad audience—including the developers and their social service partners, the Chicago Housing Authority, other community and public agency stakeholders, and other local and national practitioners and policymakers—about the early unfolding of and emerging lessons from the mixedincome component of the Plan for Transformation.
Pathways To Drug And Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Detained Adolescents, Dexter R. Voisin
Pathways To Drug And Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Detained Adolescents, Dexter R. Voisin
Faculty Scholarship
This study recruited 559 youths from detention centers (mean age was 15.4 years; 50.1% of detainees were girls) to investigate pathways that link witnessing community violence in the 12 months before detainment to drug and sexual risk behaviors in the two months preceding detainment. Through the use of audio-computer-assisted technology, data were collected on demographics, family factors, peer influences, religiosity, witnessing community violence, and drug and sexual risk behaviors. When controlling for demographics and family variables, the authors found positive associations between witnessing community violence and drug and sexual risk behaviors. Witnessing community violence was directly linked to sexual risk …
Early Resident Experiences At A New Mixed-Income Development In Chicago, Mark L. Joseph
Early Resident Experiences At A New Mixed-Income Development In Chicago, Mark L. Joseph
Faculty Scholarship
Mixed-income development is an increasingly popular poverty deconcentration strategy in the United States but there have been few in-depth studies about the experiences of residents once they move in to the new housing developments. This article explores the early experiences of residents of all income levels who have moved into a new mixed-income development on the south side of Chicago. In-depth interviews have been conducted with 46 residents of the development, including 23 former public housing residents. Interviews were also conducted with a comparison group of 69 public housing residents who did not move to the development. I find that …
The Theoretical Basis For Addressing Poverty Through Mixed-Income Development, Mark L. Joseph, Henry S. Webber
The Theoretical Basis For Addressing Poverty Through Mixed-Income Development, Mark L. Joseph, Henry S. Webber
Faculty Scholarship
This article examines the theoretical foundations upon which the rationale for mixed-income development as a strategy to confront urban poverty is built. The authors focus on four propositions that draw from theories on social networks, social control, culture and behavior, and the political economy of place. They assess available evidence about the relative importance of the four theoretical propositions. They conclude that the most compelling propositions are those that suggest that some low-income residents may benefit from a higher quality of life through greater informal social control and access to higher quality services. They find less evidence that socioeconomic outcomes …
Serving The Homeless: Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Homeless Shelter Services, Robert L. Fischer
Serving The Homeless: Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Homeless Shelter Services, Robert L. Fischer
Faculty Scholarship
The effects of homeless assistance services at the local level are tremendously difficult to ascertain. In this study, a four-month sample of homeless persons served by a local homeless shelter and case management program were contacted nine to eleven months after receiving services. The findings suggest that the program had some initial success in assisting the homeless clients to locate housing within the first year after leaving the shelter. However, the housing costs paid by these formerly homeless were quite high, with nearly three-quarters of them spending forty percent or more of their income on housing.