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Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies

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Inside The Black Box: Revealing The Process In Applying A Grounded Theory Analysis, Peter Rich Jun 2012

Inside The Black Box: Revealing The Process In Applying A Grounded Theory Analysis, Peter Rich

The Qualitative Report

Qualitative research methods have long set an example of rich description, in which data and researchers’ hermeneutics work together to inform readers of findings in specific contexts. Among published works, insight into the analytical process is most often represented in the form of methodological propositions or research results. This paper presents a third type of qualitative report, one in which the researcher’s process of coding, finding themes, and arriving at findings is the focus. Grounded theory analysis methods were applied to the interpretation of a single interview. The resulting document provides a narrative of the process one researcher followed when …


Getting To Grips With Bricolage: A Personal Account, Christopher Wibberley Jun 2012

Getting To Grips With Bricolage: A Personal Account, Christopher Wibberley

The Qualitative Report

This paper presents a personal account of how a PhD supervisor came to an understanding of an approach to research that was unfamiliar to him. Additionally it addresses the question of what makes the approach, in this case bricolage, an acceptable format for academic work and in particular PhD study. Bricolage is a relatively little used approach to research; therefore, researchers utilizing bricolage as a research design have less exemplary texts to draw on in coming to their own understanding of this approach to research. This paper presents an account of getting to grips with bricolage as a way of …


Strategies For Engaging Undergraduate Nursing Students In Reading And Using Qualitative Research, Judith A. Spiers, Pauline Paul, Diana Jennings, Kathryn Weaver Jun 2012

Strategies For Engaging Undergraduate Nursing Students In Reading And Using Qualitative Research, Judith A. Spiers, Pauline Paul, Diana Jennings, Kathryn Weaver

The Qualitative Report

Teaching undergraduate nursing research courses can be challenging. There is substantial research explicating why this is so, but little has been written about strategies to enhance students’ ability to engage in and learn about research, especially in the context of large classes offered over brief periods of time. An important role for those who teach research is to communicate their experiential successes, as these may be of value to other colleagues in the field. In this paper, we share some creative teaching strategies. These strategies include games, cross word puzzles, and projects based on common multimedia data such as commercial …


Teacher Educators As Role Models: A Qualitative Examination Of Student Teachers’ And Teacher Educators’ Views Towards Their Roles, Mahsa Izadinia Jun 2012

Teacher Educators As Role Models: A Qualitative Examination Of Student Teachers’ And Teacher Educators’ Views Towards Their Roles, Mahsa Izadinia

The Qualitative Report

Teacher Education is considered to be the first and perhaps the most important stage in the professional development of student teachers (Wideen, Mayer-Smith, & Moon, 1998) as teacher educators who work with student teachers during these programs exert significant influence on who students are and will become (Caires, 2007; Chalies, Ria, Bertone, Trohel, & Durand, 2005). This article highlights the impact of language teacher educators’ ideas and beliefs with regard to Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and their teaching practices on their student teachers’ beliefs and perceptions about their role as language teachers. 20 Iranian language student teachers …


The Perceived Effect Of The Sociocultural Context On Hiv/Aids Identity Incorporation, Lisa M. Baumgartner Jun 2012

The Perceived Effect Of The Sociocultural Context On Hiv/Aids Identity Incorporation, Lisa M. Baumgartner

The Qualitative Report

Contexts influence the experience of disease. In this study, I examined how the sociocultural context (e.g., race, class, gender, and sexual orientation) affected the experience of living with HIV/AIDS and the incorporation of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self. I interviewed 36 individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Findings indicate that race, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation affected access to HIV/AIDS resources and/or the disclosure of one’s HIV-positive status that, in turn, influenced the integration of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self. Additional research concerning the impact of gender on the HIV/AIDS identity corporation process is warranted.


The Perceived Effect Of Time On Hiv/Aids Identity Incorporation, Lisa M. Baumgartner Jun 2012

The Perceived Effect Of Time On Hiv/Aids Identity Incorporation, Lisa M. Baumgartner

The Qualitative Report

Individuals experience disease in a variety of contexts. In this study, I examined how the temporal context (e.g., historical time, social time, chronological age and the passage of time) affected the incorporation of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self. I used semi structured interviews to collect data from 36 individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Historical time did little to influence the initial reaction to the diagnosis. Chronological age shaped the initial reaction to the diagnosis for some participants. Social time affected immersion in the HIV/AIDS community and the passage of time influenced the integration of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self. …


Using Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (Caqdas) To Re-Examine Traditionally Analyzed Data: Expanding Our Understanding Of The Data And Of Ourselves As Scholars, Linnea L. Rademaker, Elizabeth J. Grace, Stephen K. Curda May 2012

Using Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (Caqdas) To Re-Examine Traditionally Analyzed Data: Expanding Our Understanding Of The Data And Of Ourselves As Scholars, Linnea L. Rademaker, Elizabeth J. Grace, Stephen K. Curda

The Qualitative Report

As diverse members of a college of education evaluation committee one of our charges is to support faculty as we document and improve our teaching. Our committee asked faculty to respond to three qualitative questions, documenting ways in which interdepartmental and cross-department conversations are used to promote reflective thinking about our practice. Three of us investigated the use of CAQDAS to provide an additional level of analysis and how we learned more about ourselves as scholars through this collaboration. Our findings include recommendations regarding the use of CAQDAS to support collaborative efforts by diverse scholars.


Hemiplegia In Men: A Case Study, Zenobia C.Y. Chan, Gary C.T. Wong May 2012

Hemiplegia In Men: A Case Study, Zenobia C.Y. Chan, Gary C.T. Wong

The Qualitative Report

Hemiplegia, or paralysis of one side of the body, is caused by injury or illness (for example, a stroke), and leads to other disabilities. People with hemiplegia are limited physically in their daily activities. This limitation affects their social well-being and thus can lead to depression. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on hemiplegia in men. A single case study of a man with hemiplegia living in Hong Kong is also presented here. A critical discussion of the signs and symptoms of “male-type” depression and humanising attitudes towards men with hemiplegia follows. Critical areas in rehabilitation, social support, and …


Keeping Focus Isn’T Easy: A Review Of Refocusing Focus Groups: A Practical Guide, Latonja Sallet May 2012

Keeping Focus Isn’T Easy: A Review Of Refocusing Focus Groups: A Practical Guide, Latonja Sallet

The Qualitative Report

The purpose of this review is to examine the salient aspects of the book Refocusing Focus Groups: A Practical Guide by Robert J. Morais (2010). This review will consider some of the strengths and weaknesses of focus groups as well as explain whether or not the author effectively achieved his goal of providing a tool that can be used by veterans and novices of qualitative research. Additionally, this review will further describe, analyze, and explore the book as well as what other researchers have shared about focus groups by comparing my experience with reading the book and how I was …


Examining The Potential Of Combining The Methods Of Grounded Theory And Narrative Inquiry: A Comparative Analysis, Shalini Lal, Melinda Suto, Michael Ungar May 2012

Examining The Potential Of Combining The Methods Of Grounded Theory And Narrative Inquiry: A Comparative Analysis, Shalini Lal, Melinda Suto, Michael Ungar

The Qualitative Report

Increasingly, qualitative researchers are combining methods, processes, and principles from two or more methodologies over the course of a research study. Critics charge that researchers adopting combined approaches place too little attention on the historical, epistemological, and theoretical aspects of the research design. Rather than discounting eclecticism in qualitative research, we prefer to place it on a continuum of integration whereby at the ideal end of the spectrum, the researcher demonstrates thorough knowledge of the approaches being drawn from and a thoughtful consideration of the rationale for combining methods. However, there is limited reflection in the literature on the combination …


Learning The Concept Of Researcher As Instrument In Qualitative Research, Mengxuan Annie Xu, Gail Blair Storr May 2012

Learning The Concept Of Researcher As Instrument In Qualitative Research, Mengxuan Annie Xu, Gail Blair Storr

The Qualitative Report

The authors describe the process whereby a student with a background in economics was guided to understand the central role in qualitative research of the researcher as instrument. The instructor designed a three-part mock research project designed to provide experiential knowledge of the enterprise of qualitative research. Students, as neophyte qualitative researchers, were guided to develop a sophisticated understanding of the necessity for congruence between the ontological and epistemological philosophical underpinnings of the research question, data collection techniques, and analysis. An example of the trail of analytic decisions one student made during analysis is included to show the complexity of …


Turkey’S Ministry Of National Education Study-Abroad Program: Is The Mone Making The Most Of Its Investment?, Servet Celik May 2012

Turkey’S Ministry Of National Education Study-Abroad Program: Is The Mone Making The Most Of Its Investment?, Servet Celik

The Qualitative Report

To answer an overwhelming demand for university faculty, Turkey’s Ministry of National Education (MoNE) developed a scholarship program to sponsor graduate study abroad. After completion, program recipients are expected to serve in Turkey’s universities. However, the cost of the program relative to the contributions of returning scholars has led to tremendous criticism. In order to explore whether this program is truly worth the investment, the author chose a qualitative research design to investigate the experiences of two program beneficiaries. The results revealed that their contributions were minimized by numerous institutional barriers; consequently, the system was unable to fully benefit from …


Balancing Act: A Phenomenological Study Of Female Adult Learners Who Successfully Persisted In Graduate Studies, Jeff Shepherd, Barbara Mullins Nelson May 2012

Balancing Act: A Phenomenological Study Of Female Adult Learners Who Successfully Persisted In Graduate Studies, Jeff Shepherd, Barbara Mullins Nelson

The Qualitative Report

A study was conducted utilizing Cross’ (1981) barriers to adult learning as a framework to better understand how adults successfully complete their graduate studies. Participants in the study were solicited via Facebook and LinkedIn. Three female adult learners who persisted in their graduate studies while balancing demands outside academics including employment and family responsibilities were selected. The study found the barriers identified by Cross 30 years ago–institutional, dispositional and situational–were still relevant for these female graduate adult learners. The phenomenological approach allowed the participants to describe how they made meaning of these barriers while overcoming them to persist in their …


An Autoethnographic Review Of Big Black Penis: Misadventures In Race And Masculinity, G. Corey Carlisle May 2012

An Autoethnographic Review Of Big Black Penis: Misadventures In Race And Masculinity, G. Corey Carlisle

The Qualitative Report

Autoethnography is a qualitative research method that allows a researcher to universalize their experience of being an individual, thus allowing others to experience their experience, be affected and continue a conversation. Big Black Penis: Misadventures in Race and Masculinity (Taylor, 2008) is a book that invites readers into the author’s experience as a Black male. As a Black male, I enter into, review, and continue the autoethnography dialogue started by Taylor. Big Black Penis is for those wanting to learn about the lived experiences of being a Black man in America.


Qualitative And Quantitative Approaches To The Study Of Poverty: Taming The Tensions And Appreciating The Complementarities, Sulaiman Y. Balarabe Kura May 2012

Qualitative And Quantitative Approaches To The Study Of Poverty: Taming The Tensions And Appreciating The Complementarities, Sulaiman Y. Balarabe Kura

The Qualitative Report

There is a germane relationship between qualitative and quantitative approaches to social science research. The relationship is empirically and theoretically demonstrated by poverty researchers. The study of poverty, as argued in this article, is a study of both numbers and contextualities. This article provides a general overview of qualitative and quantitative approaches to poverty studies and argues that only a combination of the two approaches, where necessary, would provide a robust, rich and reliable data for researching issues of poverty. Hence, the contemporary drive towards a mixed methods approach in poverty research is not only welcomed but certainly timely as …


The Individually Focused Interview: Methodological Quality Without Transcription Of Audio Recordings, Aksel Skovgaard Clausen May 2012

The Individually Focused Interview: Methodological Quality Without Transcription Of Audio Recordings, Aksel Skovgaard Clausen

The Qualitative Report

In this paper, I argue—with an example—that under certain conditions replacement of audio transcriptions with a combination of simultaneously taken and jointly produced notes can be done without affecting reliability, validity, and transparency. These conditions are: (1) professional or otherwise relatively “strong” interviewees (interview persons: IPs) with diverse backgrounds; (2) thorough planning of the interview with well-focused themes; and (3) a thorough and repeated introduction to the interview. The omission of audio transcriptions is an obvious solution to the researcher who wants a breadth of range of statements stemming from the use of many more interviewees than is often possible. …


Assessment Of The Utilization Of Hiv Interventions By Sex Workers In Selected Brothels In Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study, Nafisa Lira Huq, Mahbub Elahi Chowdhury May 2012

Assessment Of The Utilization Of Hiv Interventions By Sex Workers In Selected Brothels In Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study, Nafisa Lira Huq, Mahbub Elahi Chowdhury

The Qualitative Report

In this qualitative study of brothel-based Female Sex Workers (FSWs), the authors explored factors that influence safe sex practices of FSWs within an integrated HIV intervention. Qualitative methods, including focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews and key informant interviews were applied in four brothels in Bangladesh. Young and elderly FSWs, Sordarnis (Madams who own young FSWs and who may be either active or inactive sex workers themselves), program managers and providers were the participants for this study. Findings showed that condom use was high but not consistent among bonded FSWs (those who are under the control of a Sordarni) who …


Qualitative Research Gains Equality: A Review Of Research Methodology: A Step-By-Step Guide For Beginners, Li Jin May 2012

Qualitative Research Gains Equality: A Review Of Research Methodology: A Step-By-Step Guide For Beginners, Li Jin

The Qualitative Report

In this book review of Kumar’s 2011 edition of Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, I provide a summary of the book’s main content and a critical review of its content and structure including both the strengths and weaknesses. I conclude that this new edition of the book with Kumar presenting qualitative research as an equal methodology to quantitative research is an appropriate resource for students who are just starting to learn how to conduct empirical research studies. Two suggestions are provided for its future edition: (a) more classic resources about research methodology; and (b) more discussions about IRB …


Marketing Metaphoria: Undressing The Mind Of The Consumer, Vickie Covington Apr 2012

Marketing Metaphoria: Undressing The Mind Of The Consumer, Vickie Covington

The Qualitative Report

The book by Gerald Zaltman and Lindsay Zaltman (2008), Marketing Metaphoria: What Deep Metaphors Reveal about the Minds of Consumers, builds on the premise that most thoughts are unconscious and what people think are actually in frames of pictures, not necessarily words. The authors focus on seven deep metaphors in which they believe is the key to understanding consumer’s minds and thus that marketing firms and managers can truly understand what consumer’s desire and need. These seven deep metaphors are explained in detail and are the meat of this book. Mr. Zaltman has conducted several thousand qualitative inquiries using his …


Spousal Caregiver Narratives And Credible Authority: Uncertainty In Illness Of Spousal Caregivers, Karen Sodowsky Apr 2012

Spousal Caregiver Narratives And Credible Authority: Uncertainty In Illness Of Spousal Caregivers, Karen Sodowsky

The Qualitative Report

This article is taken from a larger longitudinal study that used caregiver interviews, caregiver surveys, and caregiver statistical information of one community. The interviews were conducted with six spousal caregivers to examine the narratives produced by spouses actively caring for their partners with dementia. The spousal caregivers were interviewed multiple times over approximately 12 to 18 months. The author was the caregiver counselor and had worked in the community in social services for fifteen years. The narratives were analyzed using a phenomenological approach that allowed the development of descriptions of uncertainty and sharing caregiver narratives with a specialized audience. The …


Teachers Are Making A Difference: Understanding The Influence Of Favorite Teachers, Mark A. Smith, Karen Schmidt Apr 2012

Teachers Are Making A Difference: Understanding The Influence Of Favorite Teachers, Mark A. Smith, Karen Schmidt

The Qualitative Report

Using the theoretical framework of occupational socialization, the purpose of this study was to examine preservice physical education teachers’ beliefs and values of teachers and teaching through analysis and interpretation of favorite teacher narratives. One hundred and eighty six preservice physical education teachers’ narratives were collected and analyzed using open and axial coding (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). The qualities and characteristics identified through analysis were organized into seven inclusive sub-categories of favorite teacher characteristics and abilities and were articulated into three central themes, described as Pay it Forward, Caring in Teaching, and Motivated to Learn. The findings suggest that understanding …


Insurrectionary Womanliness: Gender And The (Boxing) Ring, Melanie Joy Mcnaughton Apr 2012

Insurrectionary Womanliness: Gender And The (Boxing) Ring, Melanie Joy Mcnaughton

The Qualitative Report

Integrating sociological theory on sport with Judith Butler’s concept of insurrectionary speech, the author explores why and how womanliness is produced and problematized. In particular, this article investigates how participating in combat sport violates conventional womanliness by foregrounding physical capability and aggression. Using her identity as a female fighter as a starting point to engage the cultural construction of womanliness, the author connects a critical/cultural look at gender and sport with autoethnography.


Building Connections: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Qualitative Research Students’ Learning Experiences, Robin Cooper, Anne Fleisher, Fatima A. Cotton Apr 2012

Building Connections: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Qualitative Research Students’ Learning Experiences, Robin Cooper, Anne Fleisher, Fatima A. Cotton

The Qualitative Report

This paper describes a phenomenological study in which the authors explored students’ experiences learning qualitative research in a variety of academic fields. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with six participants from various academic fields who had completed at least one post-secondary-school-level qualitative research course and who were not students of the researchers. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the researchers identified five primary themes representing the lived experience and meaning found in the participants’ experience of learning qualitative research: (a) a variety of feelings are experienced, (b) a pivotal experience serves as a catalyst in the learning process, (c) the central …


Layering Sel(F)Ves: Finding Acceptance, Community And Praxis Through Collage, Sarah K. Mackenzie, Mary M. Wolf Apr 2012

Layering Sel(F)Ves: Finding Acceptance, Community And Praxis Through Collage, Sarah K. Mackenzie, Mary M. Wolf

The Qualitative Report

There are multiple aspects that shape one’s experience as a student teacher; however often as teacher educators, we focus on the intellectual rather than the emotional nature of the experience. Within this a/r/tographical inquiry, we render a story of what can happen when teacher educators intentionally engage the multidimensional nature of the student teaching experience through the integration of arts-informed epistemologies within the context of the student teaching seminar. Student teachers entered into a dialogic space of reflexivity and praxis where they discovered that their experiences mattered and did not occur in isolation. This project has implications for considering ways …


Fostering Growth In The Survivorship Experience: Investigating Breast Cancer Survivors’ Lived Experiences Scaling Mt. Kilimanjaro From A Posttraumatic Growthperspective, Shaunna M. Burke, Catherine M. Sabiston Apr 2012

Fostering Growth In The Survivorship Experience: Investigating Breast Cancer Survivors’ Lived Experiences Scaling Mt. Kilimanjaro From A Posttraumatic Growthperspective, Shaunna M. Burke, Catherine M. Sabiston

The Qualitative Report

The aim of this study was to use an ethnographic case study approach to explore breast cancer survivors’ experiences scaling Mt. Kilimanjaro from a posttraumatic growth perspective. Three breast cancer survivors who participated in interviews and observations during a nine-day climb on the mountain were included in this study. Findings are presented first as three individual case studies and then offered as a cross-case analysis to emphasize themes that illustrated the women’s shared experiences of growing from adversity. Participation in the climb on Mt. Kilimanjaro provided an opportunity for the women to (a) nurture priorities, (b) foster self-belief, and (c) …


Precincts And Prospects In The Use Of Focus Groups In Social And Behavioral Science Research, Dominic Sagoe Apr 2012

Precincts And Prospects In The Use Of Focus Groups In Social And Behavioral Science Research, Dominic Sagoe

The Qualitative Report

Over the past few years, the focus group method has assumed a very important role as a method for collecting qualitative data in social and behavioural science research. This article elucidates theoretical and practical problems and prospects associated with the use of focus groups as a qualitative research method in social and behavioural science research. The core uses of focus groups in social and behavioural science research are discussed. In addition, the strengths and limitations of employing focus groups in social and behavioural science research are elucidated. Furthermore, the article discusses practical recommendations for strengthening the focus group method in …


Indicators Of Relatedness In Adolescent Male Groups: Toward A Qualitative Description, Heidi Hutman, Karolina Anna Konieczna, Emily Kerner, Calli Renee Armstrong, Marilyn Fitzpatrick Apr 2012

Indicators Of Relatedness In Adolescent Male Groups: Toward A Qualitative Description, Heidi Hutman, Karolina Anna Konieczna, Emily Kerner, Calli Renee Armstrong, Marilyn Fitzpatrick

The Qualitative Report

Self-determination theorists (SDT) argue that the satisfaction of the need for relatedness is essential for growth and well-being. However, the current research has yet to account for the unique ways in which adolescent males engage in behaviors to fulfill their need for relatedness within their peer groups. This qualitative study investigates relatedness in six 16-to 17-year-old adolescent males. Independent observations of videotape data and a collaborative analysis revealed 13 main indicators of moment-to-moment relatedness. These indicators include expressing belonging, referring to shared experiences, and helping others out. The indicators of relatedness are discussed in the context of SDT, and additional …


Making Markets And Constructing Crises: A Review Of Ho’S Liquidated, Alexandra B. Cox Apr 2012

Making Markets And Constructing Crises: A Review Of Ho’S Liquidated, Alexandra B. Cox

The Qualitative Report

This book review is a beginning academic researcher’s interpretation of the robust methods and rich data Ho presents in her study of investment banking culture and the market in Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (2009). A unique contribution of the text is Ho’s combining of ethnographic methods in order to practice polymorphous engagement in her study. A weakness of the text is Ho’s lacking autoethnographic analysis of her experience as an Asian American woman on Wall Street. The book will be helpful for a scholarly audience interested in studying rigorous ethnographic methodologies and exploring the culture of Wall Street.


Reflexive Thinking Practices Of Bordered Helping Professionals: A Review Of Zingaro’S Speaking Out, Laura Bisaillon Apr 2012

Reflexive Thinking Practices Of Bordered Helping Professionals: A Review Of Zingaro’S Speaking Out, Laura Bisaillon

The Qualitative Report

Results from an interview based social science investigation into the organization of how the critical thinking and decision-making practices of thirteen experienced helping professionals are shaped are explicated. The skills and techniques these people use in their day-to-day support of people who have, like themselves, experienced oppression, inequity, and violence, is examined. The complex choices and consequences stemming from mobilizing one’s narrative as a resource in the support of others, and the price people pay to disclose the truth about themselves in this context, is carefully and compassionately explored. We learn how this group of helping professionals find sand employ …


Language Symmetry: A Force Behind Persuasion, Joseph Yeager, Linda Sommer Apr 2012

Language Symmetry: A Force Behind Persuasion, Joseph Yeager, Linda Sommer

The Qualitative Report

Language operates according to rules. Rules mean prediction. The application of these language rules to persuasive campaigns through linguistic technology can result in major gains in advertising, political and marketing outcomes. For qualitative researchers in communications, marketing and messaging, one area of persuasive language technology can be found in the linguistic feature of symmetry. Language has many forms of symmetry, and most persuaders are unaware that a great deal of persuasion depends upon symmetrical message structures. In persuasion, a mirror image or symmetrical reflection of an attitude or opinion is more persuasive than a random or non-symmetrical message or idea. …