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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Public Policy
Selection Bias In College Admissions Test Scores, Jesse Rothstein, Melissa Clark, Diane Schanzenbach
Selection Bias In College Admissions Test Scores, Jesse Rothstein, Melissa Clark, Diane Schanzenbach
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
Data from college admissions tests can provide a valuable measure of student achievement, but the non-representativeness of test-takers is an important concern. We examine selectivity bias in both state-level and school-level SAT and ACT averages. The degree of selectivity may differ importantly across and within schools, and across and within states. To identify within-state selectivity, we use a control function approach that conditions on scores from a representative test. Estimates indicate strong selectivity of test-takers in "ACT states," where most college- bound students take the ACT, and much less selectivity in SAT states. To identify within- and between-school selectivity, we …
The Obama Administration's Challenges After The 'War On Science': Reforming Staffing Practices And Protecting Scientific Integrity In The Executive Branch, Justin Vaughn, José Villalobos
The Obama Administration's Challenges After The 'War On Science': Reforming Staffing Practices And Protecting Scientific Integrity In The Executive Branch, Justin Vaughn, José Villalobos
José D. Villalobos
In this article, we examine the difficult leadership position President Barack Obama inherited as he took office with respect to science and technology policy making and implementation, particularly following the Bush administration and years of the so-called "war on science." We contend that the Obama administration's challenge is not only to take substantive policy action, but also to reform certain administrative practices, particularly in light of the previous administration's practice of the politics of strategic vacancies, a managerial technique that rearranges an agency's ideological inclinations not through the usual forms of active politicization (i.e., by filling the appointee ranks with …
Using Facility-Location Models To Optimally Locate Hierarchical Community-Based Health Facilities In Davao City, Myra Silva, Michael Johnson
Using Facility-Location Models To Optimally Locate Hierarchical Community-Based Health Facilities In Davao City, Myra Silva, Michael Johnson
Michael P. Johnson
Alternative hierarchical location-allocation models are used to locate two types of community-based health facilities in Davao City relative to population locations. Accounting for factors such as politics and resource availability, different optimization approaches were implemented to locate a mix of health centers and nutrition posts across the rural and urban areas of the city. The results were evaluated based on operating costs, average travel distance and population coverage. Computational results revealed that, by optimally locating barangay health centers and health posts, the current level of public investment in the health delivery infrastructure can be sufficient to cover a significant proportion …
Conservatism And American Political Development, Brian Glenn, Steve Teles
Conservatism And American Political Development, Brian Glenn, Steve Teles
Brian J. Glenn
No abstract provided.
An Interface-Driven Analysis Of User Behavior Of An Electronic Health Records System, Kai Zheng, Rema Padman, Michael Johnson, Herbert Diamond
An Interface-Driven Analysis Of User Behavior Of An Electronic Health Records System, Kai Zheng, Rema Padman, Michael Johnson, Herbert Diamond
Michael P. Johnson
Objectives: This study sought to investigate user interactions with an electronic health records (EHR) system by uncovering hidden navigational patterns in the EHR usage data automatically recorded as clinicians navigated through the system’s software user interface (UI) to perform different clinical tasks. Design: A homegrown EHR was adapted to allow real-time capture of comprehensive UI interaction events. These events, constituting time-stamped event sequences, were used to replay how the EHR was used in actual patient care settings. The study site is an ambulatory primary care clinic at an urban teaching hospital. Internal medicine residents were the primary EHR users. Measurements: …
Presidential Staffing And Public Opinion: How Public Opinion Influences Politicization, José Villalobos, Justin Vaughn
Presidential Staffing And Public Opinion: How Public Opinion Influences Politicization, José Villalobos, Justin Vaughn
José D. Villalobos
Scholars traditionally frame presidential efforts to politicize the federal bureaucracy as the result of divergence between the president's preferences and an agency's output. The authors argue that presidential concern with agency output is dynamic and is in part conditioned by the president's relationship with the public. To assess the relationship between politicization and public opinion, the authors use a data set that combines information on presidential efforts to politicize the Council of Economic Advisers from 1989 to 2004 with that of public attitudes concerning the president's handling of the economy. Their results indicate that public opinion does indeed bear a …
Federalism, Partisan Politics, And Shifting Support For State Flexibility: The Case Of The U.S. State Children’S Health Insurance Program, Colleen Grogan, Elizabeth Rigby
Federalism, Partisan Politics, And Shifting Support For State Flexibility: The Case Of The U.S. State Children’S Health Insurance Program, Colleen Grogan, Elizabeth Rigby
Elizabeth Rigby
No abstract provided.
The Managing Of The Presidency: Applying Theory-Driven Empirical Models To The Study Of White House Bureaucratic Performance, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
The Managing Of The Presidency: Applying Theory-Driven Empirical Models To The Study Of White House Bureaucratic Performance, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
José D. Villalobos
We argue that scholars of the presidency should begin to apply their rich descriptive understanding of White House organization and personnel to questions of causality. To help guide this effort, we offer a theory-driven empirical model that explains organizational performance. Importing theory from the public management literature, we show how scholars can use the Meier-O'Toole (MO) model to explain performance outcomes and dynamics for key political and policy functions within the institutional presidency. We introduce the MO model and discuss its potential impact on the field of presidency studies.
Obama’S Empty Cupboard: Contending With Administrative Vacancies And The Threat To Neutral Competence, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
Obama’S Empty Cupboard: Contending With Administrative Vacancies And The Threat To Neutral Competence, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
José D. Villalobos
In this essay, we focus on the public administration challenge concerning the rising number of politically motivated administrative vacancies resulting from George W. Bush's tenure in office with which President Barack Obama must now contend. We argue that the hyper-politicization of personnel decision-making during the presidency of George W. Bush left many parts of the federal bureaucracy understaffed, yet more densely populated by staffers chosen more for ideological and political congruence than administrative competence. For President Obama to achieve key aspects of his policy agenda, he must first attend to fixing these staffing problems and then to reforming the personnel …
Strategic Foresight: Anticipation And Capacity To Act, Beat Habegger
Strategic Foresight: Anticipation And Capacity To Act, Beat Habegger
Beat Habegger
No abstract provided.
Identifikation Von Risiken (Factsheet), Beat Habegger
Identifikation Von Risiken (Factsheet), Beat Habegger
Beat Habegger
No abstract provided.
Horizon Scanning In Government: Concept, Country Experiences, And Models For Switzerland, Beat Habegger
Horizon Scanning In Government: Concept, Country Experiences, And Models For Switzerland, Beat Habegger
Beat Habegger
No abstract provided.