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The Missing Link In Strategic Planning: Alara And The End-State Strategy Concept For National Mine Action Planning, Chip Bowness
The Missing Link In Strategic Planning: Alara And The End-State Strategy Concept For National Mine Action Planning, Chip Bowness
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Planning for mine action programs has come a long way since 1989 when the United Nations first supported mine clearance under the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan (UNOCHA). The first mainstream use of the term “mine action” occurred when the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) stood up as a national institution in 1993, with responsibilities extending far beyond clearance of mines and UXO. The world had begun to understand that solving the landmine and UXO problem would be a huge undertaking and require an incalculable amount of time and money to alleviate human suffering …
Development Of Mine Action Legislation, Emil M. Hasanov
Development Of Mine Action Legislation, Emil M. Hasanov
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
There are about 72 mine action programs (MAPs) around the world, most of them working in collaboration with the United Nations—United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), etc.—depending on the political, social and/or economic situation of the country. A majority of the MAPs work in collaboration with UNDP. It is important for all MAPs to have a legal framework because it makes their jobs much easier through division of the residual responsibilities among different governmental bodies (ministries, committees, etc.). Numerous examples exist of MAPs facing competition with the Ministry …
Mine Action: Success And Challenges, Sayed Aqa
Mine Action: Success And Challenges, Sayed Aqa
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Since the launch of the first-ever civilian mine action operations in Afghanistan in 1988, significant progress has been made to rid the world of this terrible weapon—a weapon that kills and maims so many and presents a persistent obstacle to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in many countries. Based on the successful advocacy of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the organization's work with governments, 122 states banned the production, use and stockpiling of landmines by signing the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention in 1997. Today, just eight years later, 144 states have ratified or acceded …
Anti-Personnel Landmines: A 10-Year Review Of Eu Action, Daniela Dicorrado-Andreoni
Anti-Personnel Landmines: A 10-Year Review Of Eu Action, Daniela Dicorrado-Andreoni
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
This issue of the Journal of Mine Action comes at an important juncture in the European Community's (EC's) fight against landmines and is the right moment to look back and reflect. November 2004 brought the first Review Conference of the Anti-personnel Landmine Ban Convention in Nairobi, which marked significant progress made by the international community in this area. The EC's Multi-Annual Programme and Strategy 2005–2007 was adopted at the end of 2004, which responded to the Nairobi Action Plan.
Mine Action Lessons And Challenges: Is Mine Action Making A Difference ... Or Avoiding The Question?, Eric Filippino, Ted Paterson
Mine Action Lessons And Challenges: Is Mine Action Making A Difference ... Or Avoiding The Question?, Eric Filippino, Ted Paterson
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Certainly, the international mine action community has learned a great deal over the past 15 years. But has mine action really made a significant difference to the people it is trying to help? Few things in mine action cause more frustration and misunderstanding among donors, recipient governments and programme managers than the question, "What results has the programme achieved?" Studies have decried that, despite data detailing the number of landmines destroyed, the area of land cleared and the number of people receiving mine awareness training, there are few data allowing an assessment of whether these achievements have enhanced the well-being …
Are We Setting The Wrong Target?, Robert Keeley
Are We Setting The Wrong Target?, Robert Keeley
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The Ottawa Convention was signed by 122 countries in Ottawa in December 1997. In September of the following year, Burkina Faso became the 40th country to ratify the agreement, triggering entry into force six months later. Thus, in March 1999, the Ottawa Convention became binding under international law. Article 5 of the Convention states, "Each State Party undertakes to destroy or ensure the destruction of all anti-personnel mines in mined areas under its jurisdiction or control, as soon as possible but not later than 10 years after the entry into force of this Convention for that State Party."
Dear Mr. President...: Landmines All Over The World Are Tearing Lives Apart, Saiann Films
Dear Mr. President...: Landmines All Over The World Are Tearing Lives Apart, Saiann Films
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
"The mine is a stealthy killer. Long after conflict is ended, its innocent victims die or are wounded singly, in countries of which we hear little. Their lonely fate is never reported."
-Diana, Princess of Wales, 1997
Red Rocks And Green Grapes, Jed Harris
Red Rocks And Green Grapes, Jed Harris
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
As I stopped along the roadside north of Kabul, three young boys emerged from an overgrown vineyard and proudly offered me a handful of fresh grapes. Soon more children emerged. The sight brought back childhood memories of summer days spent roaming through the vast vineyards that joined our ranch in California. However, my smile quickly vanished with alarm. The unmistakable signs of a minefield, rocks painted red, surrounded the field from where these children surfaced. Why would they trespass through the jeopardy of a minefield I wondered? The oldest boy quickly responded, ma goashna, "we are hungry." The basic …
Working Towards A Mine-Free Hemisphere, Suzanne Fiederlein
Working Towards A Mine-Free Hemisphere, Suzanne Fiederlein
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The government of Ecuador served as the host of the Americas Regional Mine Action Conference "One More Step Toward a Mine-Free Hemisphere" held in Quito, Ecuador, on August 12–13, 2004. The government of Canada and the Organization of American States Mine Action Program (AICMA, for its initials in Spanish) co-sponsored the conference, the fourth in a series of annual meetings convened in the region since 2001.
International Mine Action Standards: Some Frequently Asked Questions And Answers, Phil Bean
International Mine Action Standards: Some Frequently Asked Questions And Answers, Phil Bean
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
International Mine Action Standards (IMAS) were requested by the mine action community and are produced and sponsored by the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), with support from a variety of organisations, including the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD). The initial design and development of the standards involved extensive participation from representative elements of the mine action sector during the period of 1998–2000. Since that time, the sector has continued to expand with the addition of new programmes and new people joining the sector. IMAS continue to evolve and now benefit from the experience of practical application into …
The Role Of Military Technical Advisors, Rohan Maxwell
The Role Of Military Technical Advisors, Rohan Maxwell
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
In 1989 a multinational contingent of soldiers began to arrive in Pakistan to support a humanitarian mine action program for Afghan refugees. They were, in effect, Technical Advisors (TAs) in the field of humanitarian mine action, and in the years since, military TAs have participated in many other programs. This has not been without its controversial aspects.
Humanitarian Vs. Military Mine Action, Nicole Kreger
Humanitarian Vs. Military Mine Action, Nicole Kreger
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and commercial companies are well-known in the mine action community for conducting demining operations all over the world. But there is another breed of deminer that is becoming more and more common—the military. Militaries often have different objectives, tactics, opinions and experiences from professional mine action practitioners, which is frequently reflected in the way they conduct clearance operations. Can two groups so different find some common ground and work towards a world in which they not only coexist, but actually work in tandem to assist one another in carrying out demining?
The Role Of The Military In Mine Action, Ian Mansfield, Eric Filippino
The Role Of The Military In Mine Action, Ian Mansfield, Eric Filippino
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
This article is drawn from a study conducted by the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) entitled A Study of the Role of the Military in Mine Action, published in September 2003. The study was commissioned by the United Nations, and sought to address issues such as the suitability, appropriateness and capability of the military to undertake mine action. The findings show that while using military actors in mine action is not always appropriate, militaries can play a positive role.
The Military In Mine Action: An Interview With Ltc Bob Crowley, U.S. Southcom, Nicole Kreger
The Military In Mine Action: An Interview With Ltc Bob Crowley, U.S. Southcom, Nicole Kreger
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The Military in Mine Action: An Interview With LTC Bob Crowley, U.S. SOUTHCOM
The Use Of Belgian Military Experts In Eod, Vincent Muylkens
The Use Of Belgian Military Experts In Eod, Vincent Muylkens
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
For many years, a large debate over the use of military experts in humanitarian demining has existed. Some individuals are against military demining arguing the military performs different techniques and holds different priorities from humanitarian demining. Others are favourable toward military demining, as they are the majority of demining centres. The Belgian military has been active in demining since World War I (WWI). Still today, explosive remnants from WWI and World War II (WWII) remain a daily concern in the life of Belgians. The minefields have been cleared for many years, yet every day military experts still dispose of UXO …
Humanitarian Demining Within The American Continent: A Silent And Successful Reality, Colonel Mellado
Humanitarian Demining Within The American Continent: A Silent And Successful Reality, Colonel Mellado
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The objective of the Millennium Development plan of the United Nations is to "eradicate extreme poverty and hunger [and] guarantee the sustainability of the environment." Through the selfless efforts of the humanitarian demining programs in Central and South America by the United Nations, the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB), the preceding objectives are being accomplished. Thus, I am overwhelming compelled to share the successes and sing the praises of the personal sacrifices taken on by demining personnel.
Rethinking Humanitarian Demining For Coalition Forces, Tom Barnett, Kyle Shaffer
Rethinking Humanitarian Demining For Coalition Forces, Tom Barnett, Kyle Shaffer
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
When you first arrive as a member of the Multinational Brigade North (MNB(N)), you are full of promise. You know your team of highly trained professional soldiers will make a difference in the lives of those that live in BiH. Then it sets in. Your six-month tour of duty doesn’t allow you time to finish what you start. So what is it you can do to make a difference in only six months? This is the exact question that started the process of developing the National Guard Demining Initiative in BiH. This initiative was undertaken by the U.S. Army National …
The Military In Peacekeeping Operations, Bob Kudyba, Andrea Poelling
The Military In Peacekeeping Operations, Bob Kudyba, Andrea Poelling
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
In 2003, the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) Mine Action Coordination Center (MACC) implemented a revised work plan that focused on mandate-specific activities and UNMEE Peacekeeping Force (PKF) demining assets. The novel and successful integration of the Force Mine Action Centre (FMAC) with the MACC represents a first in UN peacekeeping history, as Force demining assets are now coordinated by a single body and they work to International Mine Action Standards (IMAS). Unanticipated national events in mine action in Eritrea in 2002 prompted an opportune moment for the UNMEE MACC to demonstrate the key role that military …
Erw: States Conclude A Protocol, Paul Ellis
Erw: States Conclude A Protocol, Paul Ellis
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
In November 2003, the States Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) met in Geneva and agreed to the creation of a fifth protocol on explosive remnants of war (ERW). This new international humanitarian law is designed to minimise the risks and effects of ERW in the post-conflict period.
The Ottawa Convention In Perspective, Dennis Barlow
The Ottawa Convention In Perspective, Dennis Barlow
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Seldom has a name caused such polarity among like-minded people, in this case those concerned with mine action. The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (APMBC) of 1997, commonly called the "Mine Ban Treaty," or more often the "Ottawa Treaty," is loved by some—loathed by others. To some it is the lynchpin of mine action activities, to others it is a distracter from pragmatic mine action challenges. Some will not take action against mines without "it" being invoked, others will not take action if "it" is invoked.
The Cost Capture Issue In Humanitarian Mine Action, Robert Keeley
The Cost Capture Issue In Humanitarian Mine Action, Robert Keeley
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The necessity of cost capture is often overlooked in the mine action community. A truly successful cost assessment must include clear and effective cost-capture mechanisms and even a standard structure used throughout different mine action programs.
Myths, Mines And Ground Clearance, Andy Smith
Myths, Mines And Ground Clearance, Andy Smith
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Building on an article published in issue 2.3 of this journal, the author discusses some of the prevailing myths that beset the humanitarian demining (HD) industry and which he believes restrict its progress. Intended as a discussion prompt, some of the points he makes may be contentious.
Explosive Remnants Of War: The Negotiations Continue, Paul Ellis
Explosive Remnants Of War: The Negotiations Continue, Paul Ellis
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
From 16–27 June 2003, States Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) met in a Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) to discuss a draft proposal for an Instrument on Explosive Remnants of War (ERW). A previous article in the Journal of Mine Action outlined the background to this process, and the June meeting was the second to take place in 2003. This article explains what was discussed in June, what will happen next and some of the broad issues of interest to the mine action community.
In The Name Of Humanity, Eddie Banks
In The Name Of Humanity, Eddie Banks
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
A recent study of the Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) mine action programme concentrated on the effective use of donations from political, financial and productivity perspectives. The premise of the study was that similar tasks, undertaken by a similar work force, with similar training and equipment, in the same time period, should be achieved with comparable timeframes and costs. Results and analysis of the BiH programme from the past several years are discussed below.
Use Of Landmines In Azerbaijan And Its Consequences, Hafiz Safikhanov
Use Of Landmines In Azerbaijan And Its Consequences, Hafiz Safikhanov
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenian over the last decade featured the widespread use of landmines. While the Journal of Mine Action does not take a position on which nation opened hostilities or first employed landmines against the other, the author of the following article lays out his interpretation of the major events of the conflict as well as the possibility of both countries banning landmines in the near future.
Socio-Economic Impact Of Landmines In Iraq, Cisr Jmu
Socio-Economic Impact Of Landmines In Iraq, Cisr Jmu
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Years of war and internal conflict have left Iraq littered with landmines, UXO and stockpiled munitions. Mr. Johan Van Der Merwe of the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) and Colonel Lionel Dyck, MineTech chairman, describe the hazards Iraqis face that threaten normal activity and disrupt socio-economic redevelopment.
Opportunities For Regional Cooperation In Mine Action In Southeastern Europe, Ian Mansfield
Opportunities For Regional Cooperation In Mine Action In Southeastern Europe, Ian Mansfield
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The goal of addressing landmine problems in southeastern Europe (SE Europe) with a regional approach entails the cooperation of countries on a number of complex issues. The following article discusses some of the primary issues involved in the process of incorporating a regional approach to landmine problems in SE Europe.
Deminers Facing More Responsibilities In Developmental Phase, Leng Mouly
Deminers Facing More Responsibilities In Developmental Phase, Leng Mouly
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
In Cambodia, mine action is no longer only about saving lives; it is also about supporting development efforts. However, in the context of development, the quality of mine clearance will be scrutinized. A recent mine accident during road construction has raised new issues involving the responsibilities of deminers.
Taming The Minefields, Davor Druzijanic
Taming The Minefields, Davor Druzijanic
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Demining is a dangerous, labor-intensive and costly process. An underlying precept of successful demining operation is a perfect safety record. The question is, how can a perfect safety record be achieved while the overall cost of the demining operation be reduced at the same time? It is not an easy or simple task, but with a good tool box and a skilled management team this can be accomplished.
Explosive Remnants Of War: The Impact Of Current Negotiations, Paul Ellis
Explosive Remnants Of War: The Impact Of Current Negotiations, Paul Ellis
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
“While there has been significant progress in reducing the scourge of APLs, the menace posed by unexploded artillery shells, mortar rounds, hand grenades, cluster bomb submunitions and other similar objects must also be addressed.”—ICRC President Jakob Kellenberger, 2002.