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2005

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Articles 31 - 60 of 77

Full-Text Articles in Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration

The Mine Detection Dog Center For Southeast Europe, Marija Alilovic Aug 2005

The Mine Detection Dog Center For Southeast Europe, Marija Alilovic

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Mine Detection Dog Center for Southeast Europe (MDDC) is an institution of the Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) government. The center was established by a Memorandum of Understanding signed by the U.S. Department of State, the International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs of BiH. The MDDC is located in Borci near Konjic, and officially opened on October 14, 2003. For the first three years, operations are being funded by the U.S. government.

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Unsung Heroes: Adnana Handzic, Cisr Jmu Aug 2005

Unsung Heroes: Adnana Handzic, Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Adnana Handzic has been called a heroine in the world of mine action because of her work at the Bosnia-Herzegovina Mine Action Center (BHMAC). She began working there shortly after its inception in 1996 and has never looked back. Dedicated to designing flawless mine awareness programs throughout her career, Handzic has been a key player in mine action for the last nine years. Currently working for the U.N. Development Programme Bosnia-Herzegovina (UNDP BiH) as a project assistant, she continues to leave her mark.

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Unsung Heroes: German Avagyan, Cisr Jmu Aug 2005

Unsung Heroes: German Avagyan, Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Freelance documentary photographer German Avagyan has dedicated his time, effort and art to the landmine situation in Armenia and Karabakh. Through his photography, he has helped to educate people on the seriousness of the landmine problem in Armenia. Over the past five years, Avagyan documented over 50 cases of landmine injury and became closely acquainted with the families he photographed, hearing their stories of tragedy and sometimes death. "The more I have learned from them, the stronger my determination has grown to tell their stories," Avagyan states.

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Angola, Country Profile Aug 2005

Angola, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Since it gained independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola has faced many landmine challenges as a result of civil wars. Mines that were laid during conflicts now litter the environment, blocking roads and bridges and contaminating agricultural fields. These mines prove a constant threat to the people of the country as well as to those who are working to prevent future accidents through mine removal. Fernando Arroyo of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Huambo, Angola, said, “Everyone ... appears to have buried landmines here. You’ll find Portuguese mines from the 1960s, Cuban mines from …

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Colombia, Country Profile Aug 2005

Colombia, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Colombia is the only country in Latin America where landmines are still being emplaced, and it is also considered the country most affected by landmines in the Western Hemisphere. The severity of the landmine problem in Colombia is a result of the ongoing 40-year internal conflict among armed rebel groups. Illegal armed groups are responsible for placing over 80,000 mines in Colombia's rural areas. Of Colombia's 1,119 municipalities, one out of two is affected by mines across 31 of its 32 departments; essentially, half of the country's territory is affected. Colombia ranks fourth in the world behind Chechnya, Afghanistan and …

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Ethiopia And Eritrea, Country Profile Aug 2005

Ethiopia And Eritrea, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Today, Ethiopia and Eritrea are two separate countries with individual governments and distinctly different mine action programs. So why, then, are they consistently grouped together when discussing mine action? Phil Lewis, Program Manager of United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea Mine Action Coordination Center (UNMEE MACC), explains that "historically, the ties between these two countries have always been very close. It is thus not surprising that the countries are consistently grouped together even when talking about mine action; however, ... it is critical to keep in mind that each country has its own idiosyncrasies that explain and impact the …

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Croatia, Country Profile Aug 2005

Croatia, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

In the 1990s, the collapse of the former Soviet Union led to the eventual disintegration of Yugoslavia. Consequently, the Croatian government’s decision to break away from Yugoslavia in 1991 prompted resistance from Belgrade and an uprising by the Serbian minority. During these years of conflict, all involved parties laid landmines as both offensive and defensive weapons against enemy forces. The mines were used to protect areas of strategic and economic importance, such as railway lines, power stations and pipelines. After Croatia’s secession in 1991, the country went to war with the Serbs, specifically over the area known as Slavonia. The …

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Iraq, Country Profile Aug 2005

Iraq, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Some of the landmines uncovered in Iraq in recent years date as far back as World War II and many are left over from previous conflicts that were meant to isolate or expel citizens from the country. In the 1960s and 1970s, Iraqis utilized landmines against Kurdish mountain fighters to prevent military action by the Kurds. Numerous mines were laid during the Iraq/Iran war of 1980–1988, as well.

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Kosovo, Country Profile Aug 2005

Kosovo, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Kosovo

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Vietnam, Country Profile Aug 2005

Vietnam, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Vietnam

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Systematic Test And Evaluation Of Metal Detectors: The Ec's Stemd Project, Dieter Guelle, A.M. Lewis Aug 2005

Systematic Test And Evaluation Of Metal Detectors: The Ec's Stemd Project, Dieter Guelle, A.M. Lewis

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

There is an international need for people within the humanitarian demining community (HDC) to be informed about appropriate metal detectors for the clearance process. Those involved in information exchange within the HDC will know that metal detector trials are performed regularly. User requirements and test results can easily be published because a network exists within the HDC. The Journal of Mine Action itself is part of this network and readers will probably also be familiar with the websites and publications of the International Test and Evaluation Program for Humanitarian Demining (ITEP) and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD). …

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Development Of Mine Hand: An Extended Prodder For Protected Demining Operations, Naota Furihata, Shigeo Hirose Aug 2005

Development Of Mine Hand: An Extended Prodder For Protected Demining Operations, Naota Furihata, Shigeo Hirose

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Manual operations remain indispensable in the demining process despite the use of heavy machines in the field. Although considerable research has focused on demining sensors, automated machines and heavy machines, research has paid little attention to devices used in manual operations. The objective of this paper is to detail the development of a new device for manual operations. This machine increases the safety of manual operations and aids in the most dangerous process of APM removal.

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Protection Against Secondary Fragmentation From Ap Mines Based On Natural Fibre Composites, Paul Wambua, Marc Pirlont, Ignaas Verpoest Aug 2005

Protection Against Secondary Fragmentation From Ap Mines Based On Natural Fibre Composites, Paul Wambua, Marc Pirlont, Ignaas Verpoest

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The 1997 Ottawa Convention defines a mine as "a munition designed to be placed under or near the ground or other surface area and to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of person or a vehicle." An AP mine is defined as "a mine designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person and that will incapacitate, injure or kill one or more persons."

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Endnotes Issue 9.1, Cisr Jmu Aug 2005

Endnotes Issue 9.1, Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Endnotes Issue 9.1

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The Journal Of Mine Action Issue 9.1 (2005), Cisr Jmu Aug 2005

The Journal Of Mine Action Issue 9.1 (2005), Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

A Retrospective

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Bosnia And Herzegovina, Country Profile Aug 2005

Bosnia And Herzegovina, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

After the death of Yugoslavia's ruler, Marshal Josip Broz Tito, in 1980, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) divided into five separate countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), and the Republic of Macedonia. Since that period, BiH has faced many changes. Shortly after its declaration of independence from the SFRY in March of 1992, the country broke out in conflict that lasted three years and resulted in three million displaced persons, over 250,000 dead or missing, and 170,000 wounded. Hostile action was primarily conducted by the Bosnian government army, the …

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The Benefits Of A Regional Approach To Mine Action, Suzanne Fiederlein Aug 2005

The Benefits Of A Regional Approach To Mine Action, Suzanne Fiederlein

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

For well over a decade, landmine clearance has figured prominently in the post-conflict reconstruction and national reconciliation processes in Latin America. During armed conflicts in Central America in the 1970–80s, combatants on both sides used anti-personnel landmines. As the conflicts drew to a close and peace agreements were negotiated, the removal of landmines emerged as both an agenda item in negotiations and an obstacle to address in the post-conflict reconstruction phase. El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua all commenced landmine clearance efforts in individualized ways based on the context of their national conflicts.

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Anama Expands Demining Operations Towards An Azerbaijan Free From The Impact Of Mines, Emil M. Hasanov Aug 2005

Anama Expands Demining Operations Towards An Azerbaijan Free From The Impact Of Mines, Emil M. Hasanov

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Azerbaijan, located south of the Caucasus on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, is a country rich with oil resources. As of 2005, Azerbaijan has a population of 8.1 million people living in 65 regions of the country and the autonomous exclave of Nakhchivan to the west. One-fifth of Azerbaijan territory is currently occupied by Armenia.

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Itf: A Look At The Past, Present And Future Of Mine Action, Dorijan Marsic, Iztok Hočevar Aug 2005

Itf: A Look At The Past, Present And Future Of Mine Action, Dorijan Marsic, Iztok Hočevar

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance (ITF) was established March 12, 1998, by the government of the Republic of Slovenia. The main activities of ITF are demining, mine victims assistance (MVA), training, mine awareness, mine risk education (MRE), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) development and regional cooperation. In the years since its inception, ITF has developed into the main regional actor in the field of mine action (MA) in the region of southeastern Europe (SEE). In addition, ITF is strongly involved in connecting the region through the Southeastern Europe Mine Action Coordination Council (SEEMACC).

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Unmee Macc's Four Years: Challenges And Responses, Andrea Poelling Aug 2005

Unmee Macc's Four Years: Challenges And Responses, Andrea Poelling

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The 30-year struggle between Ethiopia and Eritrea (1961–1991), as well as the border conflict between the two countries (1998–2000), left a legacy of serious mine and UXO contamination throughout much of Eritrea. The problem was not seriously addressed until four years ago with the signing of a comprehensive peace agreement between Ethiopia and Eritrea in 2000. This peace process rapidly opened the doors for a number of interested mine action players—including the United Nations as well as international mine action non-governmental organizations (NGOs)—to enter the arena and tackle the landmine problem of Eritrea. [Prior to this moment,] there was only …

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Are We Setting The Wrong Target?, Robert Keeley Aug 2005

Are We Setting The Wrong Target?, Robert Keeley

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Ottawa Convention was signed by 122 countries in Ottawa in December 1997. In September of the following year, Burkina Faso became the 40th country to ratify the agreement, triggering entry into force six months later. Thus, in March 1999, the Ottawa Convention became binding under international law. Article 5 of the Convention states, "Each State Party undertakes to destroy or ensure the destruction of all anti-personnel mines in mined areas under its jurisdiction or control, as soon as possible but not later than 10 years after the entry into force of this Convention for that State Party."

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Clearing Mined Roads For Agricultural Development In Angola: Hdi's Unique Public-Private Partnership, Daniela Kempf Aug 2005

Clearing Mined Roads For Agricultural Development In Angola: Hdi's Unique Public-Private Partnership, Daniela Kempf

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Humpty Dumpty Institute (HDI) is putting the pieces together again—again! This time, HDI is putting together landmines, agriculture, milk and the U.S. government to create and implement an innovative partnership project for mine clearance in Angola.

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Survivor Assistance Profile: Clear Path International Rebuilding Shattered Lives In Southeast Asia, Imbert Matthee Aug 2005

Survivor Assistance Profile: Clear Path International Rebuilding Shattered Lives In Southeast Asia, Imbert Matthee

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

When Clear Path International (CPI) staff first met Le Van Phuc in the spring of 2001, the 29-year-old Vietnamese UXO survivor's situation was desperate. He had suffered multiple injuries after he set off an unidentified piece of ordnance while hoeing in the backyard of his family's home in Dong Ha.

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Mine Risk Education In Azerbaijan, Musa Jalalov, Vagif Sadigov Aug 2005

Mine Risk Education In Azerbaijan, Musa Jalalov, Vagif Sadigov

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Mine risk education (MRE) is considered to be one of the key components of mine action throughout the world. It is the first step in reducing mine/UXO injury and death rates through dissemination of safe-behavior messages and rules among the population in contaminated and nearby areas. According to the Azerbaijan Mine Action Programme, MRE should be supported by and integrated with other forthcoming mine-related activities in Azerbaijan. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) MRE program in Azerbaijan is funded by the U.S. Department of State. It has been implemented and coordinated in close cooperation with the Azerbaijan National Agency for …

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Ronco-Trained Sri Lankan Army Demining Teams Respond To Post-Tsunami Clearance Tasks, Stacy L. Smith Aug 2005

Ronco-Trained Sri Lankan Army Demining Teams Respond To Post-Tsunami Clearance Tasks, Stacy L. Smith

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

In the early morning of December 26, 2004, a powerful tsunami hit the eastern seaboard of Sri Lanka, devastating fishing communities lining the shore and impacting villages as far as 1 kilometer (0.62 mile) inland. Within days of the catastrophic event, reports reminiscent of the migrating mine situation in Central America following Hurricane Mitch surfaced. As in Honduras in 1998, the possibility of displaced mines and other hazardous ordnance posed a threat to the local population and to emergency relief workers moving into the region to bring supplies and rebuild vital infrastructure. The mine action community in Sri Lanka responded …

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Masg Update, Cisr Jmu Aug 2005

Masg Update, Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The following article highlights the recent activities of the Mine Action Support Group (MASG), including updates on the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

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New Questionnaire Form Tested During Anama Countrywide Survey, Rauf Mamedov Aug 2005

New Questionnaire Form Tested During Anama Countrywide Survey, Rauf Mamedov

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

From June until October 2004, the Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA) Countrywide Survey Project on Mine/UXO Survivors' Needs Research was implemented. Research has revealed about 2,300 mine and UXO survivors in Azerbaijan, and a wide range of needs of 1,883 of them has been studied. The new questionnaire form, added to the standard Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) Casualty Incident Form, has covered a wide range of mine survivors' needs and served as a basis for research.

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Afghanistan, Country Profile Aug 2005

Afghanistan, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Afghanistan is one of the most heavily mine-infested countries in the world. During a 10-year occupation beginning in 1979 followed by years of internal warfare, landmines were planted throughout the country. The most heavily impacted areas are near the borders of Pakistan and Iran. Following the Soviet occupation, over 800 square kilometers (308.88 square miles) were contaminated with landmines. The exact number of mines plaguing the country is unknown, as minefield records are still incomplete. With such a vast problem, there was an immense need for action. In 1989, a mine action program was developed that would later become one …

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Cambodia, Country Profile Aug 2005

Cambodia, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Considered one of the most heavily mine-affected countries in the world, Cambodia has endured a harsh history of warfare. The country's turmoil dates back to World War II, when UXO was strewn across the country. As one war ended, another was soon to come, and subsequently landmines were emplaced throughout Cambodia, increasing civilian casualties by the thousands. The French-Indochina Wars hit Cambodia during the 1950s and were followed by the South Vietnamese invasion from 1970 through 1975, when 539,129 tons of bombs were dropped over Cambodia. These weapons still pose a threat to Cambodians today.

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Evaluation And Perceived Impacts Of The North-Central Region Sare Grants, 1988-2002, Shirley K. Trout, Charles A. Francis, John E. Barbuto Jr. Jun 2005

Evaluation And Perceived Impacts Of The North-Central Region Sare Grants, 1988-2002, Shirley K. Trout, Charles A. Francis, John E. Barbuto Jr.

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

Evaluation of government-funded programs is essential to identify ways in which initial funding makes an impact and programs can improve. The purpose of this study was to understand the value of the North Central Region's Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education (SARE) grants operated through the United States Department of Agriculture, from their inception through 2002. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, impacts were explored from the perspective of former grant recipients. Survey data were collected from 171 former SARE and 33 interviews conducted with grant recipients who represented three different grant "families"--researchers, producers and educators. Descriptive, comparative, and exploratory analyses …

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