Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons^™

Spirit Of Soccer: Enriching And Saving Lives Through The Beautiful Game, Jim Marshall, Scotty Lee

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

According to the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), a mine risk education (MRE) project should achieve the following:

• Provide information, assurance and encouragement required to encourage mine-safe behaviour.
• Identify and promote model mine-safe behaviour.
• Teach essential skills and ensure that beneficiaries can utilise these skills.
• Provide a social environment that supports mine-safe behaviour.
• Provide ongoing encouragement to sustain mine-safe behaviour.
• Encourage beneficiaries to transfer knowledge and information to others.

Geneva Diary: Report From The Gichd, Ian Mansfield

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) has recently initiated a range of activities designed to improve the standard and effectiveness of mine action evaluations. The Centre is following a two-track approach. One aspect is to develop a range of tools available to all, which will assist in improving the standard of evaluations, and the second is to undertake a range of evaluations itself where appropriate.

The Mine Detection Dog Center For Southeast Europe, Marija Alilovic

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Mine Detection Dog Center for Southeast Europe (MDDC) is an institution of the Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) government. The center was established by a Memorandum of Understanding signed by the U.S. Department of State, the International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs of BiH. The MDDC is located in Borci near Konjic, and officially opened on October 14, 2003. For the first three years, operations are being funded by the U.S. government.

Angola, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Since it gained independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola has faced many landmine challenges as a result of civil wars. Mines that were laid during conflicts now litter the environment, blocking roads and bridges and contaminating agricultural fields. These mines prove a constant threat to the people of the country as well as to those who are working to prevent future accidents through mine removal. Fernando Arroyo of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Huambo, Angola, said, “Everyone ... appears to have buried landmines here. You’ll find Portuguese mines from the 1960s, Cuban mines from …

Colombia, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Colombia is the only country in Latin America where landmines are still being emplaced, and it is also considered the country most affected by landmines in the Western Hemisphere. The severity of the landmine problem in Colombia is a result of the ongoing 40-year internal conflict among armed rebel groups. Illegal armed groups are responsible for placing over 80,000 mines in Colombia's rural areas. Of Colombia's 1,119 municipalities, one out of two is affected by mines across 31 of its 32 departments; essentially, half of the country's territory is affected. Colombia ranks fourth in the world behind Chechnya, Afghanistan and …

Development Of Mine Hand: An Extended Prodder For Protected Demining Operations, Naota Furihata, Shigeo Hirose

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Manual operations remain indispensable in the demining process despite the use of heavy machines in the field. Although considerable research has focused on demining sensors, automated machines and heavy machines, research has paid little attention to devices used in manual operations. The objective of this paper is to detail the development of a new device for manual operations. This machine increases the safety of manual operations and aids in the most dangerous process of APM removal.

Some Steps To A Refined Rest Technology, Kai-Uwe Goss

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

In the Remote Explosive Scent Tracing (REST) technology, air from a suspect site is passed through a filter in order to trap the target odor. The filter is then analyzed in a laboratory environment, usually by animals. Although REST is a potentially efficient technology for area reduction, it appears that there has not yet been any strict optimization of the technical procedure. The following work gives a theoretical analysis of the REST concept and first results of a lab study on the performance of various filters for the sampling of gaseous 2,4-DNT.

Kosovo, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Kosovo

Mine Action In Yemen: An Example Of Success, Faiz Mohammad

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

During the past 30 years, from the revolution to the period of civil confrontation in 1994, Yemen has witnessed a number of conflicts, each leaving behind a significant level of problems with mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW). In 2000, a Landmine Impact Survey (LIS) was carried out in Yemen. The survey provided vital information about the landmine and ERW impact on the Yemeni communities. A total of 592 communities were identified as heavily impacted by landmines and ERW. Fourteen communities, with a population totaling 36,000, were found to be highly impacted, while medium or low impact was reported …

Handicap International 1995–2005: Learning How To Respond To The Needs Of Mine-Affected Communities, Stan Brabant

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Handicap International (HI) was born 23 years ago, in a refugee camp on the Thai-Cambodian border. The organization was created in order to respond to the suffering caused by landmines and to provide support to people with disabilities in general. Ten years later, in 1992, HI was one of the founding members of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL). Simultaneously, the organization started developing mine action programs in the field.

The Marshall Legacy Institute: The Development Of A Mine Action Non-Profit Organization, Amy Eichenberg

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Marshall Legacy Institute (MLI) celebrated its eighth anniversary in March 2005 as a successful mine action non-profit organization. The goals and focus of the organization have evolved over time to help war-torn countries help themselves.

Iraq, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Some of the landmines uncovered in Iraq in recent years date as far back as World War II and many are left over from previous conflicts that were meant to isolate or expel citizens from the country. In the 1960s and 1970s, Iraqis utilized landmines against Kurdish mountain fighters to prevent military action by the Kurds. Numerous mines were laid during the Iraq/Iran war of 1980–1988, as well.

Systematic Test And Evaluation Of Metal Detectors: The Ec's Stemd Project, Dieter Guelle, A.M. Lewis

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

There is an international need for people within the humanitarian demining community (HDC) to be informed about appropriate metal detectors for the clearance process. Those involved in information exchange within the HDC will know that metal detector trials are performed regularly. User requirements and test results can easily be published because a network exists within the HDC. The Journal of Mine Action itself is part of this network and readers will probably also be familiar with the websites and publications of the International Test and Evaluation Program for Humanitarian Demining (ITEP) and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD). …

The Missing Link In Strategic Planning: Alara And The End-State Strategy Concept For National Mine Action Planning, Chip Bowness

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Planning for mine action programs has come a long way since 1989 when the United Nations first supported mine clearance under the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan (UNOCHA). The first mainstream use of the term “mine action” occurred when the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) stood up as a national institution in 1993, with responsibilities extending far beyond clearance of mines and UXO. The world had begun to understand that solving the landmine and UXO problem would be a huge undertaking and require an incalculable amount of time and money to alleviate human suffering …

Over A Decade Of Oas Mine Action, Juan Carlos Ruan

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

A number of countries in the Americas have lived with the legacy of landmines that remains from, at times, decade-old conflicts. The Organization of American States (OAS) has been at the forefront in alleviating the negative effects this weapon has on communities in its member states. Over the course of 15 years, the OAS program has evolved significantly to better react to the needs of mine-affected communities. This evolution, and the adoption of a collaborative civil-military structure, has ensured the OAS remains an effective and efficient means to provide assistance in all facets of mine action.

Anama Expands Demining Operations Towards An Azerbaijan Free From The Impact Of Mines, Emil M. Hasanov

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Azerbaijan, located south of the Caucasus on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, is a country rich with oil resources. As of 2005, Azerbaijan has a population of 8.1 million people living in 65 regions of the country and the autonomous exclave of Nakhchivan to the west. One-fifth of Azerbaijan territory is currently occupied by Armenia.

From Demining To Mine Action: The Development Of Mine Action And The Role Of The United Nations, Martin Barber

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The aftermath of the Russian withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989 marks the start of the United Nations’ involvement in mine action. In the early 1990s, programmes started in Cambodia, Mozambique and Angola, and in 1996 in Bosnia. Today, the United Nations supports mine action in 35 countries. During the past 15 years, the United Nations has learned many lessons in mine action—some the hard way.

Development Of Mine Action Legislation, Emil M. Hasanov

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

There are about 72 mine action programs (MAPs) around the world, most of them working in collaboration with the United Nations—United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), etc.—depending on the political, social and/or economic situation of the country. A majority of the MAPs work in collaboration with UNDP. It is important for all MAPs to have a legal framework because it makes their jobs much easier through division of the residual responsibilities among different governmental bodies (ministries, committees, etc.). Numerous examples exist of MAPs facing competition with the Ministry …

Survivor Assistance Profile: Clear Path International Rebuilding Shattered Lives In Southeast Asia, Imbert Matthee

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

When Clear Path International (CPI) staff first met Le Van Phuc in the spring of 2001, the 29-year-old Vietnamese UXO survivor's situation was desperate. He had suffered multiple injuries after he set off an unidentified piece of ordnance while hoeing in the backyard of his family's home in Dong Ha.

New Questionnaire Form Tested During Anama Countrywide Survey, Rauf Mamedov

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

From June until October 2004, the Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA) Countrywide Survey Project on Mine/UXO Survivors' Needs Research was implemented. Research has revealed about 2,300 mine and UXO survivors in Azerbaijan, and a wide range of needs of 1,883 of them has been studied. The new questionnaire form, added to the standard Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) Casualty Incident Form, has covered a wide range of mine survivors' needs and served as a basis for research.

Cambodia, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Considered one of the most heavily mine-affected countries in the world, Cambodia has endured a harsh history of warfare. The country's turmoil dates back to World War II, when UXO was strewn across the country. As one war ended, another was soon to come, and subsequently landmines were emplaced throughout Cambodia, increasing civilian casualties by the thousands. The French-Indochina Wars hit Cambodia during the 1950s and were followed by the South Vietnamese invasion from 1970 through 1975, when 539,129 tons of bombs were dropped over Cambodia. These weapons still pose a threat to Cambodians today.

Vietnam, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Vietnam

The Journal Of Mine Action Issue 9.1 (2005), Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

A Retrospective

Unsung Heroes: Adnana Handzic, Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Adnana Handzic has been called a heroine in the world of mine action because of her work at the Bosnia-Herzegovina Mine Action Center (BHMAC). She began working there shortly after its inception in 1996 and has never looked back. Dedicated to designing flawless mine awareness programs throughout her career, Handzic has been a key player in mine action for the last nine years. Currently working for the U.N. Development Programme Bosnia-Herzegovina (UNDP BiH) as a project assistant, she continues to leave her mark.

Mine Action: Success And Challenges, Sayed Aqa

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Since the launch of the first-ever civilian mine action operations in Afghanistan in 1988, significant progress has been made to rid the world of this terrible weapon—a weapon that kills and maims so many and presents a persistent obstacle to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in many countries. Based on the successful advocacy of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the organization's work with governments, 122 states banned the production, use and stockpiling of landmines by signing the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention in 1997. Today, just eight years later, 144 states have ratified or acceded …

Clearing Mined Roads For Agricultural Development In Angola: Hdi's Unique Public-Private Partnership, Daniela Kempf

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Humpty Dumpty Institute (HDI) is putting the pieces together again—again! This time, HDI is putting together landmines, agriculture, milk and the U.S. government to create and implement an innovative partnership project for mine clearance in Angola.

The Landmine Victim Assistance Component Implemented By The Oas In Nicaragua, Carlos Orozco

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

In 1990, Nicaragua registered approximately 135,000 mines buried within its national territory and another 133,435 mines in military stockpiles as a result of the internal conflict witnessed in Nicaragua during the 1980s. Although this article does not touch on the details related to the operations, it is important to note that Nicaragua is the most heavily mined country in Central America and on the entire continent. As of June 2004, approximately 27,400 APMs remain buried within Nicaraguan territory.

Ethiopia And Eritrea, Country Profile

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Today, Ethiopia and Eritrea are two separate countries with individual governments and distinctly different mine action programs. So why, then, are they consistently grouped together when discussing mine action? Phil Lewis, Program Manager of United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea Mine Action Coordination Center (UNMEE MACC), explains that "historically, the ties between these two countries have always been very close. It is thus not surprising that the countries are consistently grouped together even when talking about mine action; however, ... it is critical to keep in mind that each country has its own idiosyncrasies that explain and impact the …

Anti-Personnel Landmines: A 10-Year Review Of Eu Action, Daniela Dicorrado-Andreoni

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

This issue of the Journal of Mine Action comes at an important juncture in the European Community's (EC's) fight against landmines and is the right moment to look back and reflect. November 2004 brought the first Review Conference of the Anti-personnel Landmine Ban Convention in Nairobi, which marked significant progress made by the international community in this area. The EC's Multi-Annual Programme and Strategy 2005–2007 was adopted at the end of 2004, which responded to the Nairobi Action Plan.

Adopt-A-Minefield®: Engaging Civil Society In Mine Action, Nahela Hadi

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

In 1998, following the signing of the Ottawa Convention, the United Nations Association of the USA (UNA-USA) began developing a program to address the landmine issue. The challenge was UNA-USA wanted to do more than just raise awareness of the landmine problem. We did not want to leave people without the ability to act once they had learned about the problem and felt compelled to act. We wanted to do something different through a program that would engage civil society in clearing minefields. Thus, the Adopt-A-Minefield (AAM) campaign was born.