Health Policy Commons^™

Regulatory Disclosure Policies And Potential Induced Changes In Behavior: An Outcome Evaluation Of Santa Clara County’S Enhanced Food Safety Program Elements, Christian Cruz

Master's Projects

Despite countless advances in food microbiology and public health regulations, foodborne illness continues to be a major strain on public health outcomes and a costly economic burden. In the United States, many agencies are responsible for ensuring the quality of food, both domestically produced and imported. States and localities are delegated the responsibility of identifying and ensuring sound practices in the latter stages of the food production process, namely the retail distribution of food products to consumers.

Regulatory policies across the nation have only recently incorporated the evidenced-based principles of hazard risk management (Law, 2003). Still, food-related acute gastrointestinal illnesses …

Z4, A Slow Puncture: An Autoethnographic Exploration Of Language, Embodiment, And Meaning-Making, Charlotte Rose Samuels

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In my ISP, I explored language as it relates to the ways in which people living in Cato Manor make sense of HIV/AIDS in their community. With 7.1-7.2 million people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in South Africa, individuals across the country are either infected or affected by illness. KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), the province with the highest rate of HIV, is also the province that was surveyed with the disproportionately highest internal stigma rates for PLWHIV. High prevalence of HIV, particularly in KZN, calls for a constant contextualization of life in the presence of illness.

Throughout the world, metaphor and symbolism is …

From The American People: An Autoethnographic Exploration Of South African Ngos' Perceptions Of Pepfar, Antonia Asher

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The aim of this research was to understand what the ideal partnership would be between United States (US) governmental aid agencies and South African non-governmental organizations (NGOs), specifically concerning HIV/AIDS programs funded by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), from the perspective of NGOs. PEPFAR is the largest relief fund for a single disease; thus, I additionally sought to deeply reflect upon myself as a US citizen in South Africa, a country that has received trillions of dollars from taxpayers such as myself.

To accomplish this, I interviewed NGO staff about the nature of current partnerships, outcomes …

Characterizing Systems Of Reporting And Mitigating Anthrax Outbreaks Near Mto Wa Mbu, Monduli District, Tanzania, Megan Levy

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Northern Tanzania has experienced several anthrax outbreaks in the recent past. In Monduli district, an outbreak in 2016 prompted an organization of district officials to create an updated outbreak response action plan. The pastoralist community is often affected by these outbreaks due to their frequent direct contact with cattle and herds’ proximity to wild species potentially affected by the disease. This characterization of the existing systems of reporting and mitigating anthrax outbreaks was accomplished through structured interviews with ward and village officers, local veterinarians, and members of the pastoralist community in Monduli district near Mto wa Mbu. The purpose of …

Vaccine Hesitancy In The United States And Switzerland, Anna E. Lunderberg

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Vaccine hesitancy (VH), or the reluctance or refusal to participate in vaccination programs, is a complex phenomenon with far-reaching impacts on society. VH can impact vaccine uptake and facilitate subsequent outbreaks, as seen with the case of measles. Perceptions of vaccination are similar in the United States and Switzerland, and misinformation in each country contributed to VH through impaired parental risk-benefit analysis; parental analysis and subsequent VH is associated with both anti-vaccination messages gaining prominence and a decrease in the public perception of the health risk from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). There are many proposed strategies for addressing VH on both …

Knowledge And Practice In Household Waste Management, Agnes Fitria Widiyanto, Suratman Suratman, Nisrina Alifah, Tri Murniati, Oktafiani Catur Pratiwi

Kesmas

Declining environmental quality is one of population caused by household consumption behavior. Some of the highest contaminant contributions are domestic waste, waste, and company waste. Waste contamination will lead to dead fish, decreased water quality and disease transmission. Community approach can be done to solve the waste problem, especially at the household level. This study uses quantitative methods to analyze the effect of intervention and waste management training on changes in household waste management knowledge and practices. This type of research uses quasi experiment with one group of pre and post test design. The results showed that there was an …

Exclusive Breastfeeding And Decrease Of Upper Respiratory Infection Incidence Among Infants Aged 6-12 Months In Kampar District, Riau Province, Musfardi Rustam, Renti Mahkota, Nasrin Kodim

Kesmas

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of infants and toddlers in developing countries. The high infant morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia are associated with the low exclusive breastfeeding ability. Breast milk is a natural drink for newborns in the first month of life that is beneficial not only for the babies, but also for mothers. The aim of study was to determine exclusive breastfeeding and decrease in incidence of URI among infants aged 6-12 months. This study was conducted by using case control design. Samples were taken by using cluster random sampling. Subject …

The Consumption Of Fresh Vegetables From Street Food And Sanitation Of Street Stalls At Four Locations In Bogor City, Donna Fujie Rahaditha Utami, Winiati P. Rahayu, Lilis Nuraida

Kesmas

The consumption of fresh vegetables at the stalls needs serious attention. This research aimed to estimate the exposure probability due to fresh vegetables consumption of street food consumers, to measure sanitation level of street stalls that serving fresh vegetables, and to recommend a mentoring program for the stalls at four locations in Bogor City. This research was conducted at 16 stalls located at four locations in Bogor City. The number of respondents surveyed was 293 people and determined by stratified sampling method. Food frequency questionnaire was used as a tool in the survey. The survey showed that men consumed more …

Perception Of People Living With Hiv/Aids On Social Stigma Of Hiv/Aids In Sukoharjo District, Titik Haryanti, Wartini Wartini

Kesmas

The stigma of wrong society about HIV / AIDS is one of the obstacles to prevention and control of HIV / AIDS in Sukoharjo District. This study aims to determine the relationship of characteristics, causal factors and duration of HIV / AIDS with the perception of people living with HIV to the stigma of society about HIV / AIDS in Sukoharjo District. The research used is analytical descriptive with cross sectional approach. The population is all people with HIV / AIDS until April 2016 amounted to 256 with a sample of 156 people with sampling technique quota sampling. Bivariate analysis …

Prediction Models For Descreasing Visual Acuity In Wig Makers, Nur Ulfah, Siti Harwanti, Ngadiman Ngadiman

Kesmas

One of the occupational diseases that can arise for workers with high accuracy is a decrease in their visual acuity. Therefore, it is necessary to study the risk factors of decreasing visual acuity in workers with high accuracy, such as in wig makers. This study aimed to examine the correlation between age, working period, lighting intensity, fatigue, and nutritional status with visual acuity, and to observe the main risk factors that can be used as a reference for predicting decreasing visual acuity. This study was an observational study that used a cross-sectional design. The population number for this study was …

Relationship Model For Occupational Safety And Health Climate To Prevent Needlestick Injuries For Nurses, Ketut Ima Ismara, Adi Heru Husodo, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Widodo Hariyono

Kesmas

The risk of accidents and disease transmission when working at hospitals is quite high, especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship model between the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) climate and behavior intention in OSH performance to prevent needlestick injuries (NSI) based on a theory of planned behavior. A mixed approach using qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Data were obtained from Structural Equation Model questionnaires, observation, and documentation, and interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The population was 1,042 nurses at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta. The sample consisted of 289 respondents determined by purposive random sampling …

Effect Of Condom Utilization On Sexuall Transmitted Infection Among Female Sex Workers, In Tulungagung District, East Java, Indonesia, Ainun Hanifah, Ari Natalia Probandari, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari

Kesmas

One effective strategy for preventing sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence and providing protection for female sex workers (FSWs) from their sexual partners is correct and consistent condom use behavior. This study examined the effect of condom use on STI among FSWs in Tulungagung District, East Java. This analytic and observational study using a cohort prospective design was conducted at Ngujang ex- prostitution area and Gunung Bolo prostitution area, Tulungagung District, from November to January 2017. The total sample selected was 90 FSWs. Data was collected through a set of questionnaires and tracking condom use in a diary. Data were analyzed …

Influence Of Decentralization And Type Of Patient On Loss To Follow-Up Among Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients In Indonesia From 2014 To 2015, Noerfitri Noerfitri, R. Sutiawan, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Pratiwi Ayuningtyas Hartono

Kesmas

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) patients have a greater risk of loss to follow-up (LTFU) than drug-sensitive TB patients, due to their longer treatment duration. This study aimed to determine the influence of decentralization and patient type on LTFU among multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients in Indonesia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at all MDR-TB treatment healthcare facilities in Indonesia from 014 to 2015. Using total sampling technique, 961 patients were examined and sampled. Of these patients, 86.03% were decentralized. Patients were classified into types as follows: 35.17% were “relapse” patients, 5.52% were “new,” 13.94% were classified as “after LTFU” patients, 23.10% …

Wellness Policy Awareness Among School Leaders And The Impact On Written Policy Scores, Mariah Reil

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: All schools participating in the National School Lunch Program must possess a written School Wellness Policy (SWP) as mandated by the Healthy, Hunger- Free Kids Act of 2010.1 School officials and leaders play a major role in SWP implementation. It is essential to written SWP implementation that school level officials and leaders in the district are aware of the SWP. However, the association between school leader awareness of SWP and policy quality has not yet been studied.
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine if school leader awareness of a SWP impacts the written SWP quality. …

Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: Reforming Organized Dentistry To Address Persistent Oral Health Disparities In The U.S., Aparna Chintapalli

Pomona Senior Theses

The importance of oral health has been largely neglected from the conventional standards of healthcare in terms of public understanding & prioritization, the industrial infrastructure, and the scope of prevention & early-intervention services. Its adjunctive locus to the field of medicine has lead to the bifurcation of the oral cavity from the rest of the human body. As a result of this divide, there have been multiple factors that have allowed socially stratified oral health outcomes to manifest. This thesis examines the determinants of oral health disparities through a multidisciplinary lens (i.e. biology, public policy, infrastructure), and offers evidence of …

Pizza And Hamburger Consumption To Overweight Among Adolescents In Jambi City, Ummi Kalsum, Sahridayanti Nainggolan, Nawi Ng

Kesmas

Junk food is unhealthy and poor in nutrient quality, and may result in weight gain, obesity, and coronary heart disease, if consumed regularly. The prevalence of overweight in adolescents is 5-10% higher in urban areas. Adolescents undergo lifestyle changes, including in food consumption behavior. This study aimed to determine relation between junk food consumption patterns and overweight in adolescents. This study was conducted based on a cross-sectional design. A total of 137 high school students in Jambi City were involved in this study. Patterns of junk food consumption were assessed using food frequency questionnaires that examined the eating habits of …

Adolescents' Attitude Toward Hiv/Aids Prevention In Yogyakarta, Meysa Tiranda, Nanik Setiyawati, Anita Rahmawati

Kesmas

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the second leading cause of death in adolescent groups in the world. In Indonesia, the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adolescents increases annually. Yogyakarta, well-known as the education city, has the highest number of HIV/AIDS cases in the productive age group of 20–29 years old, which means that they have been already infected with HIV since teen age. This study aimed to determine influential factors that affect adolescents' attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention. The study was an analytic survey research with a cross-sectional design. Stratified random sampling was applied to select a sample size of …

Risk Factors Associated With Low Birth Weight, Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin, Yudhy Dharmawan

Kesmas

Neonatal deaths are associated with preterm birth complications. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors associated with LBW. This was a crosssectional study held in Bulu Primary Health Care, Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. The sample size required for this study was 69 based on the Slovin formula. Data were collected using questionnaires and semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire forms. Data on infant birth weight was taken from midwives’ delivery cohort records. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin level, blood pressure, maternal age, parity, nutritional intake, and serum transferrin receptor data were taken from the infant’s mother using a …

Role Stress, Personality Type, Burnout, And Performance Of Midwives Towards Postnatal Care Program Achievement In Surabaya City, Elita Halimsetiono, Thinni Nurul Rochmah, Dewi Retno Suminar

Kesmas

The coverage of postnatal care program in Surabaya City had declined since 2011–2013 and could not reach the target. This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted during April–May 2015 to analyze the effect of role stress, personality type, and burnout on midwives’ performance towards postnatal care program achievement in Surabaya City. A total sample of 45 midwives was collected from eight primary health care centers in Surabaya City with basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care services. Accidental sampling was used for sample selection. This study indicated that most of the midwives were aged 20–30 years and …

Family Perception Towards Health Role In Filariasis Countermeasures Using The Health Belief Model Approach In Aceh Besar District, Said Devi Elvin, Mutia Yusuf, Wirda Hayati, Teuku Alamsyah

Kesmas

Aceh Besar District is a filariasis endemic area. This endemic state is strongly influenced by people’s perception of filariasis countermeasures. This study aimed to determine relation between family perceptions towards health role in filariasis countermeasures using the Health Belief Model. An analytical survey was applied with a cross-sectional study approach. The study population was families at three villages that are Lambaro Bileu, Lambaet, and Cot Preh of Kuta Baro Primary Health Care. This represents 1,113 families with a sample of 92 families that were selected using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The study instrument was a questionnaire and data …

Work-Related Skin Diseases Among Workers In The Sewing Section At Pt. X Shoe Company In West Java, Hendra Hendra, Eva Nirwana, Marzuki Isahak

Kesmas

Occupational skin diseases are the most common work-related diseases in many countries. Shoe industry workers are potential to be affected by work-related skin diseases (WRSDs). This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with WRSDs among workers in the sewing section at a shoe company in West Java. A total of 477 workers were examined and interviewed using the modified Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire-2002/LONG from May 2016 to July 2016. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors related to WRSDs. The results showed that 57.7% of the workers suffered from WRSDs. Most of the …

Health Promotion Toward Knowledge And Intention For Early Detection Of Cervical Cancer In Commercial Sex Workers, Desi Rusmiati, Tiurlan Yunetty Silitonga, Warendi Warendi

Kesmas

Cervical cancer is one of the cancer types that become a haunting danger for many women in the world. In Indonesia, the prevalence rate reached 0.8% or an estimated 98,692 patients. Its prevalence increased to 10% in the commercial sex worker group. This study aimed to explain the effect of health promotion on knowledge and intention for early detection of cervical cancer using the inspection of visual acetate method in the commercial sex workers. This study was quantitative with a quasi-experimental type, one group of pretest and posttest design. The population sample included the commercial sex workers at Genteng Subvillage, …

Impact Of Budget Increase On Primary Health Care Performance In The Era Of National Health Insurance: Case Study In Buleleng District, Kadek Suranugraha, Ni Made Sri Nopiyani, Pande Putu Januraga

Kesmas

Since 2014, there has been an increase in funds for primary health care (PHC) coming from the National Health Insurance program capitation funds and the Health Operational Assistance Fund. This study aimed to explore the effect of this budget increase on the health care services at PHC. The case study used a qualitative approach and interviews from 19 PHC health workers with the highest and lowest budget. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and supported by quantitative data. The positive impact of the increasing PHC budget was felt by PHC staff due to the addition of operational equipment and incentives …

Utilization Of Styrofoam As Soundproofing Material With Auditory Frequency Range, Sjahrul Meizar Nasri, Iting Shofwati

Kesmas

The utilization of bricks made of styrofoam is expectedly able to be a soundproof for noise control and as a preventive action to reduce the steadily increasing prevalence of hearing loss. This study aimed to assess the use of sound absorption material in which styrofoam was utilized to reduce the noise exposure. In this study, fine aggregates (sand and styrofoam) were made with a mixture of cement with a composition of 1:4 and 1:6, also the addition of polystyrene waste with a percentage of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Determination of acoustical property of the mixture was done by …

Consumption Profiles Of Illicit And Neuropsychiatric Drugs In Urban And Rural Communities In Kentucky Using Sewage Epidemiology, Tara Croft, Katelyn Foppe, Rhiannon Huffines, Bikram Subedi

Posters-at-the-Capitol

The drug overdose deaths in the USA increased by ~20% from 2015 to 2016 to the total >63,600 drug overdose deaths in 2016. Kentucky is among the highest rate of drug overdose death states in the USA. The current estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse are based on the self-reported surveys, overdose/toxicological reports, and drug-related crime statistics. Survey-based conventional approaches are not only cost and time-intensive but also underestimate the actual consumption of drugs. As “wastewater never lie,” the drug residues in raw wastewater collected from the centralized wastewater treatment plants were utilized to determine the consumption rate of …

Using Social Media To Assess The Consumer Nutrition Environment: Comparing Yelp Reviews With A Direct Observation Audit Instrument For Grocery Stores, Ying Shen, Philippa Clarke, Iris N. Gomez-Lopez, Alex B. Hill, Daniel M. Romero, Robert Goodspeed, Veronica J. Berrocal, Vg Vinod Vydiswaran, Tiffany C. Veinot

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

Objective
To examine the feasibility of using social media to assess the consumer nutrition environment by comparing sentiment expressed in Yelp reviews with information obtained from a direct observation audit instrument for grocery stores.

Design
Trained raters used the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) in 100 grocery stores from July 2015 to March 2016. Yelp reviews were available for sixty-nine of these stores and were retrieved in February 2017 using the Yelp Application Program Interface. A sentiment analysis was conducted to quantify the perceptions of the consumer nutrition environment in the review text. Pearson correlation coefficients (ρ) were …

The Critical Need For Mental Health Education To Be Mandated In New Mexico's Public Schools, Bonnie L. Murphy

Shared Knowledge Conference

Based on a review of research and best practices in mental health awareness and skills, this inquiry project argues for state legislative policies that would require mental health awareness and skills in the K-12 curriculum. Mental health affects individual accomplishments in every stage of people’s lives beginning in early childhood and throughout the life cycle. Prevention and treatment of mental illness plays a key role in the ability of an individual to cope with loss and develop resiliency and perseverance in challenging times and to make better decisions that improve the individual’s life and the lives of those around them. …

Factors Influencing Immunisation Schedule Adherence And Completion At The Regional Level In The Philippines, Paolo Miguel Manalang Vicerra

Kesmas

Penyebab utama kematian bayi sebagian besar dapat dicegah dan terdapat alasan baik dari sisi suplai maupun permintaan layanan kesehatan hal itu dapat terus berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan memastikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku layanan kesehatan preventif imunisasi bayi di Filipina yang tepat waktu karena tingkat kelengkapan, atau kepatuhan, telah stabil dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Metode yang digunakan adalah pembuatan model statistik di tingkat subnasional. Sampel berisi bayi yang lahir sebelum Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Nasional Filipina tahun 2013 untuk menentukan kepatuhan yang tepat terhadap jadwal imunisasi yang dimandatkan oleh pemerintah. Hal ini melibatkan penggabungan 17 wilayah administratif negara ke tiga wilayah …

Husband’S Support For Their Wives In Antenatal Care Visit, Awalia Hanifah, Hadi Pratomo, Giang Hoang

Kesmas

Di wilayah Puskesmas Cimanggis, Kota Depok, cakupan kunjungan antenatal pertama (K1) dan kunjungan ke-4 (K4) sebesar 99,4% (2013) dan 91% (2014). Dukungan suami ibu hamil merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam kunjungan antenatal pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai faktor predisposisi, pemungkin dan penguat dari dukungan suami terhadap ANC istrinya dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain Rapid Assessment Procedure. Lima suami dan istrinya yang sedang hamil dipilih sebagai informan serta dua bidan puskesmas sebagai informan kunci. Analisis data menggunakan matriks data kualitatif dan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor predisposisi, pemungkin dan penguat dari suami …

Influential Host Factors To The Incidence Of Hiv/Aids In Key Populations In Pati District, Dwi Murtono, Puguh Riyanto, Zahroh Shaluhiyah

Kesmas

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan penyakit berbahaya di dunia yang salah satu metode penularannya adalah melalui hubungan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian HIV/AIDS pada populasi kunci. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Maret sampai September 2016. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol pada populasi kunci di Kabupaten Pati. Kasus sebanyak 53 pasien positif HIV/AIDS, sedangkan kontrol sebanyak 53 pasien negative HIV/AIDS.Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh dari riwayat medis dan wawancara kuesioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji kai kuadrat pada analisis bivariat dan regresi logistik ganda pada analisis multivariat. …