Environmental Policy Commons^™

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1985, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1984, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Simulation Analyses Of Space Use: Home Range Estimates, Variability, And Sample Size, Marc Bekoff, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Simulations of space use by animals were run to determine the relationship among home range area estimates, variability, and sample size (number of locations). As sample size increased, home range size increased asymptotically, whereas variability decreased among mean home range area estimates generated by multiple simulations for the same sample size. Our results suggest that field workers should ascertain between 100 and 200 locations in order to estimate reliably home range area. In some cases, this suggested guideline is higher than values found in the few published studies in which the relationship between home range area and number of locations …

An Analysis Of Howling Response Parameters Useful For Wolf Pack Censusing, Fred H. Harrington, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were studied from April 1972 through April 1974 in National Forest in northeastern Minnesota by radio-tracking and simulated howling. Based during 217 of 456 howling sessions, the following recommendations were derived for using howling as a census technique: (1) the best times of day are dusk and night; (2) July, August, and are the best months; (3) precipitation and winds greater than 12 km/hour should be avoided; (of 5 single howls should be used, alternating "flat" and "breaking" howls; (5) trials should 3 times at about 2-minute intervals with the first trial at lower …

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1982, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Dynamics, Movements, And Feeding Ecology Of A Newly Protected Wolf Population In Northwestern Minnesota, Steven H. Fritts, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The gray wolf Canis lupus occupies only about 1 percent of its former range in the lower 48 states (Mech 1974a). Most of the range is in northern Minnesota, where the resident population is classified as "threatened" by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Wolves have been and will continue to be the subject of considerable controversy in Minnesota.

The first scientific study of wolves in Minnesota was conducted by Olson (1938a,b). That and all subsequent re- search was in the Superior National Forest (SNF) of northeastern Minnesota even though wolves inhabit approximately the northern third of the state. Consequently, …

Deer Social Organization And Wolf Predation In Northeastern Minnesota, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus has been subject to intensive research and management, yet we are just beginning to understand its social organization. Little is known about home range formation, migration, social bonds, and traditions in this deer, what functions they serve, and what selective forces have affected them.

Predation by wolves Canis lupus, in particular, has not been examined as a factor in deer evolution, yet the intimate interactions between deer and wolf through the millennia no doubt strongly influenced major morphological and behavioral adaptations in both species. It is a reasonable assumption that wolf predation has been …

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1981, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1980, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Population Regulation In Wolves, Jane M. Packard, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The possibility of social regulation of wolf populations has been discussed in the literature for several years. Some of the first ecological studies of wolves indicated that their populations did not increase as rapidly as was theoretically possible, and that they reached a saturation point apparently not set by food. Subsequent captive studies demonstrated the existence of social mechanisms possibly capable of regulating population growth. However, the importance of these factors in wild populations has not been established. This paper has four objectives: (1) to evaluate the existing concept of "intrinsic limitation," (2) to propose that wolf population dynamics may …

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1979, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Wolf Howling And Its Role In Territory Maintenance, Fred H. Harrington, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The wolf (Canis lupus) is a wide-ranging social carnivore with a complex spatial organization (MECH, 1972; 1973). The precise manner in which this organization is maintained is unknown, but territory advertisement using olfactory and acoustic modes seems to be involved.

The acoustic mode includes primarily howling. Within a wolf pack, howling may be useful to reassemble separated members (MECH, 1966; THEBERGE & FALLS, 1967), and may communicate information on individual identity, location, and other behavioral and environmental contingencies (THEBERGE & FALLS, 1967). Between packs, however, howling may serve to advertise territory, communicating the locations of packs and thus …

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1978, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Relating Wolf Scat Content To Prey Consumed, Theodore J. Floyd, L. David Mech, Peter A. Jordan

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

In 9 trials, captive wolves (Canis lupus) were fed prey varying in size from snowshoe (Lepus americanus) to adult deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and the resulting scats were counted. collectible scats were distinguished from liquid, noncollectible stools. In collectible scats, the small prey occurred in greater proportion relative to the prey's weight, and in lesser proportion to the prey's numbers, than did the remains of larger prey. A regression equation with an excellent the data (r² = 0.97) was derived to estimate the weight of prey eaten per collectible scat for With this information …

Productivity, Mortality, And Population Trends Of Wolves In Northeastern Minnesota, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Population parameters, mortality causes, and mechanisms of a population decline were studied in wolves (Canis lupus lycaon) from 1968 to 1976 in the Superior National Forest. The main method was aerial radio-tracking of 129 wolves and their packmates. Due to a decline in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the wolf population decreased during most of the study. Average annual productivity varied from 1.5 to 3.3 pups per litter, and annual mortality rates from 7 to 65 percent. Malnutrition and intraspecific strife accounted equally for 58 percent of the mortality; human causes accounted for the remainder. As wolf …

Wolf-Pack Buffer Zones As Prey Reservoirs, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Abstract. In a declining herd, surviving deer inhabited overlapping edges of wolf- pack territories. There, wolves hunted little until desperate, in order to avoid fatal encounters with neighbors. Such encounters reduce wolf numbers and predation pressure and apparently allow surviving deer along territory edges to repopulate the area through dispersal of their prime, less vulnerable offspring into territory cores.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1977, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1976, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Protecting The Appalachian Trail In Maine, University Of Maine At Portland - Gorham

Maine Collection

Protecting the Appalachian Trail In Maine

A Handbook Compiled by the Allagash Environmental Institute, Center for Research & Advanced Study, University of Maine Portland - Gorham, 1976.

Directed & edited by Patricia Solotaire.

Contents: The Project Itself / The History of Trail Agreements in Maine / The Landowner's Duty to Hikers and Campers / History and Description of the Statutory Protection of the Appalachian Trail / An Overview of Tax Considerations / Land Protection Devices / Using the Information / Bibliography / Footnotes / Appendices

Research In National Parks, Robert J. Baker, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

This was our first involvement with research in the National Parks and we would like to make some observations concerning interactions among basic researchers, park personnel, and the philosophy on which our park systems are based. Our conclusions are not based only on our own experiences, but also on conversations with other basic researchers (especially those who contributed to this symposium) and with park personnel who have aided and worked with other researchers who were not employed by the National Park Service.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1974, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Canis Lupus., L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Order Carnivora, Family Canidae. The genus Canis includes eight species. Approxi- mately 24 New World and eight Old World subspecies of C. lupus are recognized, the number depending on authorities accepted. For summary, see Mech (1970); for full synonymy, see Pocock (1935), Goldman (1944), Ellerman and Morrison- Scott (1951), Novikov (1956), and Hall and Kelson (1959).

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1973, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1972, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1971, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1970, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Daily Reminder 1968, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Field Notes Summer 1966, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Factors Affecting Nesting Success Of The Canvasback In The Aspen Parklands, Jerome H. Stoudt

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The Minnedosa study area is located in the southwestern portion of Manitoba just south of the town of Minnedosa. It is 90 square miles in size and roughly square in shape. The Aspen Parkland, in which the study area is located, is characterized by gently rolling terrain and black soils. Mixed farming is the rule with emphasis on small grain production consisting of wheat, barley, and oats. Roughly 50 percent of the water areas in the parkland are ringed with aspen, Populus tremuloides, and large blocks of aspen are interspersed throughout the area. The Minnedosa area differs because of …

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1965, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.