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Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Defense and Security Studies
Terrorism In Africa: An Analysis Of The Efficacy Of U.S. Counterterrorism, Max Yong
Terrorism In Africa: An Analysis Of The Efficacy Of U.S. Counterterrorism, Max Yong
Global Tides
This paper seeks to identify whether United States aid to Africa has impacted violent terrorist activity on the continent. The existing literature has produced a range of critiques. Many have voiced concern about foreign terrorist organizations (FTO) growing and blame ineffective efforts by the U.S. for this reality. Instances of African nations, in the face of persisting security challenges from FTOs, turning to political adversaries of the U.S. for assistance is evidence of this sentiment. Furthermore, terror attacks since the onset of the U.S. Global War on Terror (GWOT) have only remained higher than in the previous era. Others have …
Power Projection And Counter-Terrorism: Strategies For Small States Like Brunei Darussalam, Brice Tseen Fu Lee, Gulshan Bibi Ms
Power Projection And Counter-Terrorism: Strategies For Small States Like Brunei Darussalam, Brice Tseen Fu Lee, Gulshan Bibi Ms
Journal of Terrorism Studies
This study delves into the intricacies of power projection strategies and counter-terrorism measures, emphasizing their relevance to small states, with a specific focus on Brunei Darussalam. Using a dual matrix model, the research categorizes various strategies based on risk-reward parameters, offering a structured insight into potential approaches these states can employ against potential aggressors. The counter-terrorism matrix is the initial focal point, recognizing the contemporary significance of terror threats and their unique challenges for small nations. Subsequently, the power projection matrix offers a broader view of defense tactics beyond counter-terrorism. By synthesizing information from primary academic sources, the study aims …
Keepers Of The Peace Or Soldiers: An Analysis Of The 1983 Beirut Marine Barracks Bombing And The Rationale Behind Deploying Troops In A Peacekeeping Capacity, Brock Bellinger
Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History
Despite President Reagan’s historic foreign policy success in ushering in the collapse of the Soviet Union and liberation of Eastern Europe, the loss of life during the Beirut Marine barracks bombing marks a substantial failure in Reagan’s foreign policy record. Reagan’s foreign policy failure in Beirut that resulted in the deaths of 241 Americans merits further examination amongst students of international relations as this peacekeeping mission illustrates the dangers of sending American troops into harm’s way without a clear and decisive goal and exit strategy. By evaluating the 1983 Beirut Marine barracks bombing, the hindsight and judgment of history allows …
Ai And National Security: The United States Risks Losing Its Competitive Edge, Royce Morris
Ai And National Security: The United States Risks Losing Its Competitive Edge, Royce Morris
Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy
Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have caused concern over the ethical implications of large-scale AI implementation. As a result, leading technologists and computer scientists have advocated an incremental rather than comprehensive approach to AI development and implementation to allow ethical and structural guidelines to provide a public safety net. However, such an approach does not account for the geopolitical and national security implications of lagging behind competitors like China, who have publicly stated goals of reaching AI supremacy within the next ten years. This article presents a national security analysis of the risks to American national security by allowing …
What Senior U.S. Leaders Say We Should Know About Cyber, Dr. Joseph H. Schafer
What Senior U.S. Leaders Say We Should Know About Cyber, Dr. Joseph H. Schafer
Military Cyber Affairs
On April 6, 2023, the Atlantic Council’s Cyber Statecraft Initiative hosted a panel discussion on the new National Cybersecurity Strategy. The panel featured four senior officials from the Office of the National Cyber Director (ONCD), the Department of State (DoS), the Department of Justice (DoJ), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The author attended and asked each official to identify the most important elements that policymakers and strategists must understand about cyber. This article highlights historical and recent struggles to express cyber policy, the responses from these officials, and the author’s ongoing research to improve national security cyber policy.
Twenty-One Years Later: Reflections On 9/11, Bessie Blackburn, Shaddi Spencer, Hayden O'Connor
Twenty-One Years Later: Reflections On 9/11, Bessie Blackburn, Shaddi Spencer, Hayden O'Connor
Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy
Twenty-one years ago, one of the greatest attacks on the American republic occurred. On September 11, 2001, American Airlines Flights 11, 77, 93, and 177 were hijacked by Islamic extremists and crashed in New York City, Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania. The atrocity of these incidents and the extensive loss of life impacted not only the United States but the entire world. Nevertheless, in light of this tragedy the American people found unity in patriotism, rekindling a sense of national purpose in the form of the “Global War on Terrorism.” This document is a compilation of reflection articles written by individuals …
‘Vox Populi?:’ Assessing Nato Popularity Relative To Political And Economic Indicators In Selected Member Nations, Zachary W. Cheek
‘Vox Populi?:’ Assessing Nato Popularity Relative To Political And Economic Indicators In Selected Member Nations, Zachary W. Cheek
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper seeks to identify the impact of political and economic conditions on a nation’s popularity/favorability ratings towards North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the world’s most powerful military alliance. It is found that in random-effect models there exists a significant positive relationship between a country’s democratic strength and favorability, as well as a negative relationship regarding unemployment. In fixed-effect models, however, there is slight evidence of a positive relationship with per-capita GDP, as well as negative relationships with the unemployment rate and the trade index. Overall, differences in member-nations largely account for whether democratic or macroeconomic conditions influence support.
Reinventing Multilateral Order, Sundeep Waslekar
Reinventing Multilateral Order, Sundeep Waslekar
New England Journal of Public Policy
The multiple crises of our time result from the breakdown of the multilateral order. Some of these crises may intensify between now and 2030. Multilateral organizations have been eroded to the extent that they are unable to manage catastrophic risk, including a military confrontation between superpowers. The weakening of multilateralism is mirrored in the strengthening of hypernationalism in many countries. It will not be sufficient to mend the multilateral system. It is necessary, instead, to envisage new principles for creating a global governance grid superseding the United Nations Security Council that serves the interests of human civilization and not the …
The White Supremacist Penetration Of Western Security Forces: The Wider Implications, Kumar Ramakrishna
The White Supremacist Penetration Of Western Security Forces: The Wider Implications, Kumar Ramakrishna
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article argues that recent instances of white supremacist penetration of Western security forces should not be regarded as isolated issues. They are related to the worrying wider phenomenon of the gradual societal and political mainstreaming of white supremacist ideas in Western countries. Drawing on the German and US cases as examples, the article unpacks the argument by first examining the core theories of white supremacism: the “great replacement” and “white genocide.” It then explores how these theories have been weaponized, before proceeding to analyze the structure and modalities of the white supremacist threat. The article then considers the wider …
Challenges For Multilateralism In A Pre-Post-Covid World, Richard Caplan
Challenges For Multilateralism In A Pre-Post-Covid World, Richard Caplan
New England Journal of Public Policy
Multilateralism today faces numerous challenges. This article offers some reflections on those challenges—what they are and how they originated—and how multilateralism can be reinvigorated. It argues that though multilateralism is not a panacea, many of the critical challenges that confront humanity today—biodiversity, cybersecurity, global warming, mass migration, arms proliferation, and the regulation of outer space, as well as the spread of infectious diseases—can be met only with states and peoples cooperating more closely.
Contributor's Guidelines And Article Index, Usawc Press
Contributor's Guidelines And Article Index, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Sino-Indian Border Disputes In An Era Of Strategic Expansions, Roman Muzalevsky
Sino-Indian Border Disputes In An Era Of Strategic Expansions, Roman Muzalevsky
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
The June 2020 clash between the People’s Republic of China and India in the disputed Ladakh border area resulted from the strategic expansions of both powers. Like two bubbles expanding in a contained space, these expansions were bound to collide and cause friction. This article explains how the expansions precipitated the incident and might exacerbate border disputes in the future. In pondering implications, it recommends Washington pursue a Eurasia-focused policy embracing the disputed region.
Sherman And His Historians: An End To The Outsized Destroyer Myth?, Mitchell G. Klingenberg
Sherman And His Historians: An End To The Outsized Destroyer Myth?, Mitchell G. Klingenberg
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
For years, scholars have viewed the career of William Tecumseh Sherman in light of an antiquated destroyer myth and neglected his memoirs, which were written as a military textbook. This essay reviews Sherman’s legacy and literature, both of which contributed to the advancement of modern military thought. His experiences may serve as a prescriptive text to servicemembers, providing critical lessons on military warfare and philosophy still relevant today.
Article Index, Usawc Press
Article Index, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Commentary And Reply, Claude A. Lambert
Commentary And Reply, Claude A. Lambert
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Review Essay, Robert L. Bateman
Review Essay, Robert L. Bateman
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Defeat Mechanisms In Modern Warfare, Frank Hoffman
Defeat Mechanisms In Modern Warfare, Frank Hoffman
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This article explores the current debate about service and Joint operating concepts, starting with the Army’s multi-domain operations concept. It argues for adaptations to an old operational design technique—defeat mechanisms; updates to Joint and service planning doctrine; and discipline regarding emerging concepts. Rather than debate over attrition versus maneuver, combinations of a suite of defeat mechanisms should be applied to gain victory in the future.
On “The Us Army And The Pacific: Challenges And Legacies”, Brian Mcallister Linn
On “The Us Army And The Pacific: Challenges And Legacies”, Brian Mcallister Linn
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This commentary responds to David M. Finkelstein’s article, “The US Army and the Pacific: Challenges and Legacies,” published in the Autumn 2020 issue of Parameters (vol. 50, no. 3).
The Air Littoral: Another Look, Maximilian K. Bremer, Kelly A. Grieco
The Air Littoral: Another Look, Maximilian K. Bremer, Kelly A. Grieco
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Assessing threats to the air littoral, the airspace between ground forces and high-end fighters and bombers, requires a paradigm change in American military thinking about verticality. This article explores the consequences of domain convergence, specifically for the Army and Air Force’s different concepts of control. It will assist US military and policy practitioners in conceptualizing the air littoral and in thinking more vertically about the air and land domains and the challenges of domain convergence.
Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan, Jared M. Mckinney, Peter Harris
Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan, Jared M. Mckinney, Peter Harris
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Deterring a Chinese invasion of Taiwan without recklessly threatening a great-power war is both possible and necessary through a tailored deterrence package that goes beyond either fighting over Taiwan or abandoning it. This article joins cutting-edge understandings of deterrence with empirical evidence of Chinese strategic thinking and culture to build such a strategy.
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
The Grand Strategic Thought Of Colin S. Gray, Lukas Milevski
The Grand Strategic Thought Of Colin S. Gray, Lukas Milevski
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Colin S. Gray distinguished himself from other scholars in the field of strategic studies with his belief that grand strategy is indispensable, complex, and inherently agential. This article identifies key themes, continuities, conceptual relationships, and potential discontinuities from his decades of grand strategic thought. Gray’s statement that “all strategy is grand strategy” remains highly relevant today, emphasizing the importance of agential context in military environments—a point often neglected in strategic practice.
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Absolute Impunity: On The Legacies Of 9/11 & The Policies Of The War On/Of Terror, Bryant William Sculos
Absolute Impunity: On The Legacies Of 9/11 & The Policies Of The War On/Of Terror, Bryant William Sculos
Class, Race and Corporate Power
It has been a little over twenty years since the attacks of September 11, 2001, and thus we are also going to be coming up on twentieth anniversaries of some of the most heinous restrictions on civil liberties in US history (though there is a lot of competition) and the twentieth anniversaries of instance after instance of unjustifiable atrocities committed in the name of the Stars and Stripes. Through autoethnographic reflection in conversation with Netflix’s Turning Point: 9/11 and the War on Terror (2021) and Spencer Ackerman’s Reign of Terror: How the 9/11 Era Destabilized America and Produced Trump (2021), …
The Alt-Right Movement And National Security, Matthew Valasik, Shannon E. Reid
The Alt-Right Movement And National Security, Matthew Valasik, Shannon E. Reid
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Identifying the January 6 insurrection at the US Capitol as an inflection point, this article analyzes the historical relationship between White supremacy and the US military from Reconstruction after the Civil War to the present. The article posits causes for the disproportionate number of current and former members of the military associated with White power groups and proposes steps the Department of Defense can take to combat the problems posed by the association of the US military with these groups.
Crisis Management Lessons From The Clinton Administration's Implementation Of Presidential Decision Directive 56, Leonard R. Hawley
Crisis Management Lessons From The Clinton Administration's Implementation Of Presidential Decision Directive 56, Leonard R. Hawley
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Drawing on personal experience, the author asks what the current administration can learn from the Clinton administration’s implementation of Presidential Decision Directive 56, examines the real-world application of the directive during the Clinton administration and the pitfalls of its agency-centric successor during the Bush administration, and identifies recurring problems and best practices for successfully responding to current global crises.
Hope Versus Reality: The Efficacy Of Using Us Military Aid To Improve Human Rights In Egypt, Gregory L. Aftandilian
Hope Versus Reality: The Efficacy Of Using Us Military Aid To Improve Human Rights In Egypt, Gregory L. Aftandilian
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Using US military aid as a lever to achieve human rights reforms has proven only marginally effective. This article examines the approaches employed by the Obama and Trump administrations to US military aid to Egypt and proposes practical steps that can be taken by policymakers and the military personnel on the ground to advance US human rights values.
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
Book Reviews, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
The Battalion Commander Effect, Everett Spain, Gautam Mukunda, Archie Bates
The Battalion Commander Effect, Everett Spain, Gautam Mukunda, Archie Bates
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Statistical evidence suggests Army battalion commanders are significant determinants of the retention of their lieutenants—especially high-potential lieutenants. Further, this so-called Battalion Commander Effect should be included in brigadier general promotion board assessments and used to inform officer professional military education curricula.
Reversing The Readiness Assumption: A Proposal For Fiscal And Military Effectiveness, Jason W. Warren, John A. Bonin
Reversing The Readiness Assumption: A Proposal For Fiscal And Military Effectiveness, Jason W. Warren, John A. Bonin
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Looming budget cuts will necessitate adept management to retain a military capable of competing and winning by avoiding the mistakes made in prior drawdowns. This article presents a framework for government and defense leaders to prepare for the coming drawdown and plan for the necessary capacity of tomorrow across the diplomatic, information, military, and economic framework.