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Institute Of Oceanology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences: Seventy-Five Years Of Deep Blue Aspirations, Illuminating Glory Through Scientific Excellence, Fan Wang, Hui Wang Oct 2024

Institute Of Oceanology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences: Seventy-Five Years Of Deep Blue Aspirations, Illuminating Glory Through Scientific Excellence, Fan Wang, Hui Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was established in 1950 and is the first national institution in New China dedicated to marine scientific research, making it the birthplace of marine science in China. Over the past 75 years, the Institute has made many foundational and pioneering contributions to basic marine research, leading the development of marine science in China. This article presents a clear overview of the institute’s contributions to national strategies and needs from perspectives of historical development, research achievements, and future outlook, while also envisioning a new chapter of glorious development for the institute.

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75th Anniversary Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences: Changchun Institute Of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Unites And Concentrates, Overcomes Challenges, And Innovates S&T, Dedicating To The Nation And People, Xuejun Zhang Oct 2024

75th Anniversary Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences: Changchun Institute Of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Unites And Concentrates, Overcomes Challenges, And Innovates S&T, Dedicating To The Nation And People, Xuejun Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is China’s first optics institution. With its long history, strategy-driven disciplinary layout, innovative pioneering, CIOMP has achieved remarkable breakings in many fields, including space optics, aviation optics, advanced optical materials and manufacturing, photoelectric control and large aperture photoelectric detection, advanced grating manufacturing, etc. Beyond its own research, CIOMP has made tremendous contributions by helping establish numerous academic, industrial and educational establishment in the field of optics, for which CIOMP is widely recognized as the cradle of Chinese optics. Looking ahead, CIOMP aims to advance …

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Basic Research: Understanding Leads To Innovation—Exploring Path Of Development Of Center For Excellence In Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Yu Zhang, Zhengxing Yang, Hong Ju, Bin Han Oct 2024

Basic Research: Understanding Leads To Innovation—Exploring Path Of Development Of Center For Excellence In Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Yu Zhang, Zhengxing Yang, Hong Ju, Bin Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study summarizes the development path of the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), including the developmental trajectories of disciplines and the institutional reform at specific historical opportunities. It also overviews the CEMPS’s strategic orientation (setting sights on the global frontiers of science and technology and the major needs of the country), the scientific achievements, and the core spirits of scientists, thus to provide references to the reform, innovation, and development of scientific research institutions in relevant fields.

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Wang Chi: China Aims To Become A Space Science Powerhouse, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Oct 2024

Wang Chi: China Aims To Become A Space Science Powerhouse, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Tan Weihong: Driving Medical Research And Clinical Practice With Basic Science, Promoting The Construction Of Healthy China, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Oct 2024

Tan Weihong: Driving Medical Research And Clinical Practice With Basic Science, Promoting The Construction Of Healthy China, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Information About Branches, Research Institutions And Universities Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Oct 2024

Information About Branches, Research Institutions And Universities Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Tang Yong: Focus On Nature Of Organic Chemistry, Pursue Excellence Of Achievement, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Oct 2024

Tang Yong: Focus On Nature Of Organic Chemistry, Pursue Excellence Of Achievement, Editorial Board Of Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Supporting National Development With Advanced Materials Creation—A Review And Reflection On Development History Of Shanghai Institute Of Ceramics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences In The Past Century, Dong Wang, Liangbi Su, Jianhua Yang, Xun Shi, Jina Yan, Chaoliang Mao, He Zhong, Yongqing Wu Oct 2024

Supporting National Development With Advanced Materials Creation—A Review And Reflection On Development History Of Shanghai Institute Of Ceramics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences In The Past Century, Dong Wang, Liangbi Su, Jianhua Yang, Xun Shi, Jina Yan, Chaoliang Mao, He Zhong, Yongqing Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Originated from the Engineering Institute of National Central Academy in 1928, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS) is one of the first 15 research institutions established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. As one of the main forces during the past 75 years since the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the growth of SICCAS has engraved the deep imprint of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and has embarked on a distinctive development path. On the basis of reviewing the development history of SICCAS in the past century, this study explores the internal development driving force …

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The Joint Functions: Theory, Doctrine, And Practice, Matthew J. Tackett Oct 2024

The Joint Functions: Theory, Doctrine, And Practice, Matthew J. Tackett

Joint Force Quarterly

This article analyzes the joint functions as a framework for organizing, planning, and conducting joint operations and argues that commanders should understand them through the combined lenses of military theory, doctrine, and practice. The author traces the development of the joint functions from earlier concepts of command, maneuver, fires, protection, intelligence, sustainment, and staff organization, emphasizing their role in providing a common language across the joint force. Drawing particularly on Milan Vego’s theory of operational functions, the article questions whether current doctrine adequately addresses the distinct requirements of operational-level warfare. It highlights command and control, information, movement and maneuver, and …

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The Fragile Balance Of Terror: Deterrence In The New Nuclear Age, John William Sutcliffe Iv Oct 2024

The Fragile Balance Of Terror: Deterrence In The New Nuclear Age, John William Sutcliffe Iv

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses The Fragile Balance of Terror: Deterrence in the New Nuclear Age, edited by Vipin Narang and Scott D. Sagan, which reconsiders nuclear deterrence in a strategic environment that differs substantially from the Cold War. The volume addresses both new and enduring challenges, including multipolar nuclear competition, personalist regimes, social media, open-source intelligence, evolving definitions of nuclear sufficiency, advances in counterforce capabilities, regional command-and-control practices, and assumptions about nuclear learning. The reviewer highlights the book’s use of diverse historical and contemporary case studies to show how deterrence can be undermined by miscalculation, political context, information dynamics, and …

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The Military Legacy Of Alexander The Great: Lessons For The Information Age, Robert D. Spessert Oct 2024

The Military Legacy Of Alexander The Great: Lessons For The Information Age, Robert D. Spessert

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses Michael P. Ferguson and Ian Worthington’s The Military Legacy of Alexander the Great: Lessons for the Information Age, which connects Alexander’s campaigns and leadership to contemporary military and national security challenges. The authors organize the book around themes including the operational environment, military organization, campaign design, strategic overreach, and the human dimension of war. The review highlights how Alexander’s decisions offer lessons on mission command, logistics, political objectives, leadership, and the limits of military success. Particular attention is given to the joint function of information, including Alexander’s use of deception, narrative, symbolism, and audience-specific messaging …

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Don’T Let’S Be Beastly To The Germans: The British Occupation Of Germany, 1945–49, Michael C. Davies Oct 2024

Don’T Let’S Be Beastly To The Germans: The British Occupation Of Germany, 1945–49, Michael C. Davies

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses Daniel Cowling’s Don’t Let’s Be Beastly to the Germans: The British Occupation of Germany, 1945–49, a study of British efforts to govern and reconstruct Germany after World War II. Drawing on archival research and personal accounts, the book traces the British occupation from early planning and ideological debates through implementation, near collapse, recovery, and the eventual restoration of German sovereignty. The reviewer highlights Cowling’s attention to the tension between punishment and reconciliation, the difficulties of working with former Nazis, and the ways personal relationships and individual judgment influenced policy. Particular emphasis is placed on the …

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From Sparta To Hostomel: The Enduring Role Of Joint Forcible Entry Operations, Jonathan Maxwell Cohen Oct 2024

From Sparta To Hostomel: The Enduring Role Of Joint Forcible Entry Operations, Jonathan Maxwell Cohen

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that joint forcible entry operations remain relevant despite the growing threat posed by antiaccess/area-denial networks. Using the Russian assault on Hostomel Airport during the opening phase of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine as a case study, the author contends that the operation failed not because forcible entry had become obsolete, but because Russian forces were unable to isolate and expand the lodgment, protect access for follow-on forces, and integrate maneuver and supporting fires effectively. The article traces the historical development of forcible entry from ancient amphibious operations through airborne and air assault doctrine, then applies lessons from …

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Better In Pairs: Divide The Indo-Pacific Theater In Half, Tim Devine Oct 2024

Better In Pairs: Divide The Indo-Pacific Theater In Half, Tim Devine

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the Department of Defense should reconsider the current geographic organization of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and create a second geographic combatant command in the region. The author contends that USINDOPACOM’s vast area of responsibility, expanding subordinate structure, growing operational demands, and increasing strategic competition with China are placing excessive strain on a single theater headquarters. Drawing on the U.S. experience in the Pacific during World War II, when separate commands under Admiral Chester Nimitz and General Douglas MacArthur divided responsibilities across the theater, the article presents a dual-command model as a historically proven way to improve span …

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The Need For U.S. Stability Policing, John F. Hussey Oct 2024

The Need For U.S. Stability Policing, John F. Hussey

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the U.S. military needs a dedicated stability policing capability to establish public order, protect civilians, uphold the rule of law, and consolidate gains during the transition from combat operations to postconflict stability. Drawing on U.S. experiences in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, the author contends that military forces have often been ill prepared to perform civilian policing or train indigenous police forces, leading to overly militarized approaches that can undermine legitimacy and public trust. The article emphasizes that stability policing requires personnel with civilian law enforcement expertise, particularly during the critical period immediately following major combat operations. …

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The Profession Of Arms: What Scholars, Practitioners, And Others Of Note Have Had To Say, Gregory D. Foster Oct 2024

The Profession Of Arms: What Scholars, Practitioners, And Others Of Note Have Had To Say, Gregory D. Foster

Joint Force Quarterly

This article brings together foundational and contemporary perspectives on the profession of arms to consider what defines military professionalism and whether that concept remains sufficient for today’s security environment. Beginning with the officer’s commission, oath of office, and joint doctrine, the author emphasizes that military service rests on constitutional loyalty, character, competence, expertise, responsibility, ethical conduct, and public trust. The article then presents influential views from figures such as George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, Alexis de Tocqueville, Samuel Huntington, Morris Janowitz, Sir John Winthrop Hackett, Charles Moskos, Douglas MacArthur, and Martin Dempsey, highlighting recurring themes of civilian control, selfless service, professional …

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Ethical Leadership Development: Highlights From The Past And A Glimpse Of The Future, Elias Ursitti, Eric J. Weis, Donald P. Loren Oct 2024

Ethical Leadership Development: Highlights From The Past And A Glimpse Of The Future, Elias Ursitti, Eric J. Weis, Donald P. Loren

Joint Force Quarterly

This article traces the development of ethical leadership in the U.S. military over the past century and argues that character, integrity, and ethical judgment remain essential to the profession of arms. Using the Eisenhower School’s centennial as a framework, the authors review how military ethics have adapted to changing forms of warfare, technology, law, civil-military relations, and social expectations from the interwar period through the post–Cold War era. They highlight recurring challenges involving civilian protection, command responsibility, nuclear weapons, counterinsurgency, autonomous systems, private military contractors, diversity and inclusion, toxic leadership, and the psychological effects of war. Looking ahead, the article …

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One Hundredth Anniversary Of The Eisenhower School For National Security And Resource Strategy: A Tribute In Three Verses, Gregory D. Foster Oct 2024

One Hundredth Anniversary Of The Eisenhower School For National Security And Resource Strategy: A Tribute In Three Verses, Gregory D. Foster

Joint Force Quarterly

This article commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy and places the school’s development within the broader history of U.S. national security, professional military education, and the profession of arms. Founded in 1924 as the Army Industrial College in response to mobilization challenges revealed by World War I, the institution later became the Industrial College of the Armed Forces before adopting its current name in 2012. The article traces this evolution alongside major changes in U.S. defense organization, strategy, civil-military relations, and the international security environment. It also introduces a Joint …

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Stop Talking To Yourself: Military Recruiting In The Modern Age, Richard R. Bell, Elizabeth Goldsmith, Robert Martinez, Donghyun Lee Oct 2024

Stop Talking To Yourself: Military Recruiting In The Modern Age, Richard R. Bell, Elizabeth Goldsmith, Robert Martinez, Donghyun Lee

Joint Force Quarterly

This article explores the Department of Defense’s military recruiting challenges and argues that outdated communication strategies are limiting its ability to connect with Generation Z. The authors contend that young people’s perceptions of military service are shaped by concerns about physical and psychological risk, separation from family and friends, career opportunities, and the military lifestyle, as well as by misinformation and selective information-sharing on digital platforms. At the same time, DOD has struggled to adapt its recruiting efforts to the new media environment and to communicate the benefits of service in ways that are relevant and credible to younger audiences. …

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Considering The Utility Of Modern Blockade In A Protracted Conflict With China, Thomas A. Krasnicki Oct 2024

Considering The Utility Of Modern Blockade In A Protracted Conflict With China, Thomas A. Krasnicki

Joint Force Quarterly

This article evaluates the potential use of maritime blockade as part of a U.S. strategy for ending a protracted conflict with China. Drawing on historical examples from the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II, the author argues that blockade remains relevant because China depends heavily on seaborne energy imports and maritime trade. The article proposes a modernized approach that combines close and distant blockade operations to pressure China’s economy while reducing risk to U.S. and allied forces. Close blockade elements would focus on neutralizing Chinese shipping near contested waters, while distant blockade forces would help identify …

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Winners Of The 2024 Essay Competitions, National Defense University Press Oct 2024

Winners Of The 2024 Essay Competitions, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

This article announces the winners of the 2024 National Defense University Press essay competitions and highlights the role of joint professional military education in advancing national security research and strategic thought. Twenty-eight faculty judges from 17 professional military education institutions evaluated 97 submissions across three categories: the Secretary of Defense National Security Essay Competition, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Strategic Research Paper Competition, and the Chairman’s Strategy Article Competition. Winning papers addressed contested logistics in a potential conflict with China, changes in the character of war, defense industrial base resilience, blockade strategy, Arctic and European security, nuclear-powered …

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Cbrn Defense Readiness Reporting, Jeffrey A. French-Lujan, Taylor Harrington, Ron Fizer, Domah Diggs Oct 2024

Cbrn Defense Readiness Reporting, Jeffrey A. French-Lujan, Taylor Harrington, Ron Fizer, Domah Diggs

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the Department of Defense lacks a sufficiently standardized system for assessing and reporting chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense readiness across the joint force. Although the Defense Readiness Reporting System provides common measures for personnel, equipment, materiel condition, and training, current CBRN reporting requirements rely too heavily on subjective assessments and can overstate a unit’s actual ability to operate in a contaminated environment. Using the Marine Corps as a case study, the authors show how standardized training and equipment metrics can provide commanders with a more accurate picture of CBRN preparedness and operational risk. They contend …

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The Implications Of The New Security Environment On The National Health Systems Enterprise, Martin Charles Bricknell, Derek Licina Oct 2024

The Implications Of The New Security Environment On The National Health Systems Enterprise, Martin Charles Bricknell, Derek Licina

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the changing global security environment requires the United States to treat the military health system and the broader national health systems enterprise as strategic national capabilities rather than primarily as peacetime healthcare services. Drawing on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and growing risks of large-scale conflict, the authors contend that future crises could produce military and civilian casualty levels that exceed the capacity of existing military medical systems. They emphasize the need for military health services to operate as part of an integrated civil-military health system capable of supporting deployed forces, receiving …

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The Key To Arctic Dominance: Establishing An Arctic-Focused Subordinate Unified Command, Joseph R. Blume, Nathan L. Golike, Geoffrey R. Latimer, Michael Stanski Oct 2024

The Key To Arctic Dominance: Establishing An Arctic-Focused Subordinate Unified Command, Joseph R. Blume, Nathan L. Golike, Geoffrey R. Latimer, Michael Stanski

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the United States should establish an Arctic-focused subordinate unified command under U.S. Northern Command to improve unity of command, resource management, and coordination in a region of growing strategic importance. The authors contend that current responsibility for Arctic operations, divided among U.S. Northern Command, U.S. European Command, and U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, complicates command and control and weakens unity of effort. They trace how reduced sea ice, expanding shipping and resource access, Russia’s military modernization, and China’s growing Arctic activity are increasing competition and security demands in the region. After comparing subordinate unified commands, joint task forces, …

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Executive Summary, William T. Eliason Oct 2024

Executive Summary, William T. Eliason

Joint Force Quarterly

This executive summary introduces Joint Force Quarterly 115 against a backdrop of ongoing global conflict, strategic competition, and an approaching U.S. presidential election. William T. Eliason emphasizes the importance of aligning national interests, strategy, policy, and the instruments of national power while recognizing the difficulty of deterring war, ending conflict, and adapting to changing security conditions. The issue features articles on Arctic security, military health systems, chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear readiness, contested logistics in the Pacific, blockade strategy in a potential conflict with China, and military recruiting. It also highlights joint professional military education, including the annual Secretary of …

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Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 115, 4th Quarter 2024, National Defense University Press Oct 2024

Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 115, 4th Quarter 2024, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

This JFQ issue highlights a range of military and security issues, including Arctic defense, health system impacts, and military readiness, while celebrating the achievements of joint professional military education and student essays on national security topics.

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Refereed Research - Religiosity And Sociality As Sources Of Resilience For Women Subsistence Entrepreneurs During The Pandemic, Rozina Akther Oct 2024

Refereed Research - Religiosity And Sociality As Sources Of Resilience For Women Subsistence Entrepreneurs During The Pandemic, Rozina Akther

Subsistence Marketplaces

This study examines challenges faced by subsistence women entrepreneurs during COVID-19, the crisis of 2020, and their resilience in addressing the circumstances. The results of qualitative interviews with 13 subsistence marketplace women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh are presented in this article. In the current study, two themes are found to best capture the experiences and resilience of women business owners in the subsistence marketplaces. Furthermore, the study provides important insights from informant interviews, showing how women business owners navigate their operations during a pandemic. It highlights attributes such as relational strength and faith in a higher power that contribute to their …

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Federal Election Commission And Indiana Secretary Of State Campaign Finance Information Resoures, Bert Chapman Oct 2024

Federal Election Commission And Indiana Secretary Of State Campaign Finance Information Resoures, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

This presentation covers campaign finance information resources produced by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and Indiana Secretary of State. It describes how these agencies began, details how they oversee and regulate U.S. federal and Indiana state elections, and documents contributions made by individuals, organizations, political parties, and political action committees to individual candidates and organizations. Reporting documentation on these election races is also included.

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Bridging The Atrocity Prevention Gap Between The International And The Local: Lessons Learned From Meso-Level Leadership In Ukraine And Syria, Kristina Hook, Jamie D. Wise Oct 2024

Bridging The Atrocity Prevention Gap Between The International And The Local: Lessons Learned From Meso-Level Leadership In Ukraine And Syria, Kristina Hook, Jamie D. Wise

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This paper explores meso-level approaches to atrocity prevention that incorporate a wider array of local expertise at all stages, from early warning to transitional justice. Specifically, we treat meso-level approaches as encompassing local leadership and advocacy across bottom-up processes, grassroots efforts, victim-led activism, and civil society mobilization. We draw from two contemporary cases of mass atrocities, Ukraine and Syria, which exemplify such efforts, using primary interview data with meso-level actors. First, we examine atrocity risk early warning in Ukraine, where prescient local expertise at the meso-level failed to influence international responses, asking what went wrong and what more could be …

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Dangerous Speech As An Atrocity Early Warning Indicator: Measuring Changing Conflict Dynamics, Catherine Buerger, Susan Benesch Oct 2024

Dangerous Speech As An Atrocity Early Warning Indicator: Measuring Changing Conflict Dynamics, Catherine Buerger, Susan Benesch

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Dangerous speech, any expression that can increase the likelihood that someone will commit or condone violence against members of another group, can be a powerful early warning signal of impending mass violence. However, one cannot make a list of words that are dangerous, since the effect of the message depends not only on its content, but also on how it is communicated: by whom, to whom, and under what circumstances. What may be benign in one context may be extremely inflammatory in another. Thus, effective monitoring requires deep knowledge of the local setting and structural factors. The spread of dangerous …

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