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Articles 121 - 150 of 172
Full-Text Articles in Social Psychology
The Need For Social Validation, Robert S. Graham
The Need For Social Validation, Robert S. Graham
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis describes the psychometric evaluation and validation of a scale assessing people's tendency to use others’ opinions in order to assess the correctness of their own opinion. In study 1, 320 introductory psychology students completed the 12-item Need for Social Validation scale (N SV), as well as the Need to Evaluate and Self-Monitoring scales. The NSV scale was demonstrated to possess good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=.85), a two factor structure, and high test-retest reliability after 22-weeks (r = .76). The NSV was found to be negatively related to the Need to Evaluate scale (r = -.49) and unrelated to …
Cross-Cultural Differences In Parenting And Moral Development In Late Adolescence: A Narrative Approach, Wanna E. Mar
Cross-Cultural Differences In Parenting And Moral Development In Late Adolescence: A Narrative Approach, Wanna E. Mar
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study investigated differences in parenting and late adolescents’ moral development in two cultural groups: Chinese-Canadian and European-Canadian Measures of parental authoritativeness and degree of parental influence on moral values were administered to a sample of 62 European-Canadian and 40 Chinese-Canadian university students, aged 17-26 years. The participants were then compared with respect to two outcome measures, one assessing the degree to which they internalized and represented parents’ viewpoints (“voice”) in narratives about moral socialization, and the other assessing level of moral reasoning development. Results indicated that reported parental authoritativeness was positively related to the degree of parent “voice” displayed …
Social Support, Campus Involvement, And The Adjustment To University, Krista Martin
Social Support, Campus Involvement, And The Adjustment To University, Krista Martin
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis sought to assess the relationships between students’ involvement in campus life and their adjustment to university. Additionally, the study examined some of the possible determinants of involvement in campus activities (i.e., living in residence, past involvement in school activities, and parental community involvement). Ninety-eight introductory psychology students completed a questionnaire containing measures of campus involvement, social support, residential status, students’ past involvement in school activities and their parents’ involvement in community organizations. Results indicated that students who were involved in campus organizations and activities were better adjusted to university social life. In addition, there was some evidence that …
Value Dilemmas In Striving For Social Justice: A Case Study Of The Working Centre (Ontario), Stephen Orr
Value Dilemmas In Striving For Social Justice: A Case Study Of The Working Centre (Ontario), Stephen Orr
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study examines the Working Centre, a self-help resource centre for the unemployed in Kitchener, and how it has responded to the changing nature of work. It explores the growth of global capitalism and the impact of new technologies on the workplace. The study also examines how economic restructuring leads to high levels of unemployment and part-time work. The thesis reviews the Working Centre’s mission, goals and objectives, and how these have been translated into action in the Centre’s early years and today. Finally, this study discusses the Centre’s efforts to pursue a social justice agenda in a rapidly changing …
Juvenile Delinquency And Adult Aggression Against Women, Michelle Kalra
Juvenile Delinquency And Adult Aggression Against Women, Michelle Kalra
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present research assessed whether males who exhibited delinquent acts in their youth would be likely to demonstrate aggression against women as adults. Attitudinal information was also collected to see whether attitudes supporting aggression would mediate the relation between juvenile delinquency and adult aggression against women. Male undergraduates (N = 185) responded to a 68-item, comprehensive measure of delinquency that included five subscales (Official Contact, School and Family Offenses, Serious Crime, Delinquency, and Drug Offenses), three attitudinal measures (Rape Myth Acceptance, Adversarial Sexual Beliefs, and Acceptance of Interpersonal Violence) and two measures of aggression against women (Sexual Experiences Survey and …
Lessons Learned In The Heart Need To Be Changed In The Heart': The Development And Evaluation Of A Primary Prevention Intervention Of Men's Violence Against Women, Patrick Fisher
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis presents an evaluation of primary prevention intervention working towards ending men’s violence against women. In 1995, a committee was created by the Waterloo Regional Public Education Committee for the Prevention of Violence and Oppression Against Women and Children to develop a presentation kit on the topic of men’s violence against women. The presentation kit is to be used by staff and volunteers from the local agencies in talking to groups of men about violence against women. The presentation kit provides background materials about violence against women, the philosophy behind the development of the kit, instructions on how to …
Peer Evaluation: The Effect Of Reciprocity And Level Of Performance On Evaluative Feedback, Doreen Maria De Veen
Peer Evaluation: The Effect Of Reciprocity And Level Of Performance On Evaluative Feedback, Doreen Maria De Veen
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The study was designed to examine the impact of reciprocal evaluation, a factor which differentiates the relational aspect of peer and supervisor evaluation contexts, and level of performance on the accuracy of performance ratings. One hundred and thirty-six undergraduate students evaluated standardized solutions on an 'Organizational Problem Solving Task' which demonstrated either a poor or a satisfactory level of performance, under one of two rating conditions. In one rating condition, participants were told that they would simply evaluate another person's performance on the task (non-reciprocal rating condition). In the other rating condition, participants were informed that not only would they …
Coping With The Transition To University: The Impact Of A Social Support-Based Intervention, Daniel Jeff Lamothe
Coping With The Transition To University: The Impact Of A Social Support-Based Intervention, Daniel Jeff Lamothe
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The transition to university can be a particularly stressful time for incoming students, as indicated by high first-year attrition rates (Levitz & Noel, 1989). This stress may be produced in part by a reduction in social support that many students experience when they begin their university studies (Albert, 1988; Kenny, 1987). The present study examined an intervention program based on social support, and its impact on students' adjustment to university. Fifty-five first-year university students completed pretest questionnaires in August aimed at assessing levels of social support, as well as self-esteem, depression, stress, and integrative complexity of reasoning about university issues. …
Social Identity And Integrative Complexity: The Effects Of Silent Group Membership On Reasoning About Social Issues, Stephen Leonard Friedman
Social Identity And Integrative Complexity: The Effects Of Silent Group Membership On Reasoning About Social Issues, Stephen Leonard Friedman
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The works of self-categorization theorists (e.g., Conover, 1988, 1984; Turner et al., 1987) suggests that presenting individuals with social issues central to the interests of their social group, and individual differences in group identification, can accentuate the salience of one’s group membership. Further, they suggest that social group salience may affect individuals’ viewpoints on group central social issues, resulting in more extreme, black-and-white thinking. The present study was designed in order to investigate the extent to which social group salience and/or individual differences in group identification affect the complexity with which gender group members think about a gender-central social issue. …
Bridging The Gap: Mobilizing Race And Ethnocultural Equity Policy Within Secondary Schools, Melanie Wilson
Bridging The Gap: Mobilizing Race And Ethnocultural Equity Policy Within Secondary Schools, Melanie Wilson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of this study was threefold. (i) to elucidate student perspectives on multicultural anti racist education, (ii) to compare these perspectives with those held by people responsible for implementing such initiatives, namely teachers and school board personnel assigned to race and ethnocultural equity issues and (iii) to generate recommendations for the effective implementation of race and ethnocultural equity policies in schools based on the synthesis of these perspectives. I conducted this study in one secondary school community in order to identify important links between board level race and ethnocultural policy initiatives and potential implementation strategies for secondary schools. A …
A Stakeholder Approach To Sexual Assault Prevention Programming In The Halton Board Of Education, Judith Ann Gould
A Stakeholder Approach To Sexual Assault Prevention Programming In The Halton Board Of Education, Judith Ann Gould
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
There are few examples of sexual assault education interventions within the high schools. Research about programmes delivered at universities indicates that the programmes do not change the rape-supportive beliefs of participants (Lenihan, Rawlins, Eberly, Buckley, & Masters, 1992). A criticism of these programmes is that students do not participate in their own learning. A curriculum-writing team at the I-Ialton Board or Education developed two lessons on sexual assault as part of the grade nine “Healthy Sexuality" curriculum. The sexual assault lessons were then piloted with three grade nine classes. After delivery, six to eight students from each class participated in …
Framework For Support: Desired Relationships Between Self-Help-Groups And Professionals, Vicente Constantino
Framework For Support: Desired Relationships Between Self-Help-Groups And Professionals, Vicente Constantino
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In this study I sought to find out how self-help groups and professionals perceive and relate to one another. The stakeholders involved in this study were self-help group members (psychiatric consumers/survivors and families and friends of consumers/survivors) and community-based and hospital-based professionals. The research questions were as follows: 1. What are the experiences and views of consumers/survivors and family self- help group members with regard to community-based and hospital-based professionals? 2. What are the experiences and views of community-based and hospital-based professionals with regard to consumers/survivors and family self-help groups? 3. What kind of relationship with professionals do self-helpers want? …
The Role Of Adult Romantic Attachment In Marital Communication, Kimberly Jill Ewing
The Role Of Adult Romantic Attachment In Marital Communication, Kimberly Jill Ewing
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Most married couples experience conflict and disagreement in their relationships. However, some couples deal with this conflict more effectively than do others. Although something is known about patterns of marital interaction, little is known about what predisposes couples to engage in harmonious or conflictual interactions. It seems that factors such as personal predispositions should play a role in couple communication. The present study investigated the association between romantic attachment styles and specific aspects of couple communication. Thirty-nine couples experiencing the transition to parenthood participated in a discussion of a real-life conflict of their own choosing; The discussion was videotaped and …
Transition To Parenthood: The Role Of Self-Complexity, Margo Michelle Gallant
Transition To Parenthood: The Role Of Self-Complexity, Margo Michelle Gallant
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Becoming a parent is a significant event in the adult developmental cycle. Researchers agree that all couples experience at least some form of stress during this transition. The present study investigated the role that self-complexity plays in a couple’s adjustment to becoming first-time parents. Self-complexity, which is defined as the number of roles or activities that an individual uses to describe himself or herself, was previously found to buffer the impact of stressful events among college students (Linville, 1987). Block (1961), however, found that individuals with higher levels of self-complexity were more maladjusted. The main purposes of this study were …
Ontario's Mental Health System: The Experience Of Families And Their Perspective On Reform, Eric Laite Macnaughton
Ontario's Mental Health System: The Experience Of Families And Their Perspective On Reform, Eric Laite Macnaughton
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Over 100 family members were interviewed—individually and in focus groups—to gain a picture of their lived experience and their perspective on reform of Ontario's mental health system. The thesis looks at needs of families in two ways. first, by examining the common themes of their experience with the mental health system and with supporting "consumers" in the community; and second, by asking families directly about their satisfaction with existing supports, and about needed additional supports. Focus group participants were asked to make suggestions about innovative models to meet unmet need, and about how families could participate more fully in the …
Hearing The Voices Of The Silent: Alternative To The Problem Of Blaming Mothers For The Occurrence Of Incest, Josephine Sui-Fun Fong
Hearing The Voices Of The Silent: Alternative To The Problem Of Blaming Mothers For The Occurrence Of Incest, Josephine Sui-Fun Fong
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The problem of intra-familial child sexual abuse has been studied over the past few decades, but the problem of blaming mothers for the occurrence of incest has not been adequately recognized. This study is a documentation of the experiences of mothers of incest survivors. Six women whose daughters were sexually abused by their fathers or step fathers were interviewed for approximately 60 to 120 minutes. Results demonstrated that in their process of dealing with the problem of child sexual abuse, mothers experienced a great deal of pain and hardship. While they were indeed also victims of the incestuous relationship, they …
Visible Minorities With Physical Challenges: A Study Of Their Experiences In Integrating Into Canadian Society, Thersiah L. Lubis
Visible Minorities With Physical Challenges: A Study Of Their Experiences In Integrating Into Canadian Society, Thersiah L. Lubis
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis is the result of a qualitative research study exploring the experience of visible minority persons with physical challenges in trying to integrate into Canadian society, in the Kitchener-Waterloo area and Toronto. To capture the larger picture regarding the particular conditions of the challenged visible minority persons in this community, l also examined the experiences of those providing services to them. Another objective of this research was for me to learn to incorporate the values of community psychology into a research process. Using two partia|ly-structured interview guides, one set for the physically- challenged visible minorities and the other for …
In Search Of A Place To Call Home: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Transitional Housing Program For Refugee Families, Colleen Marcia Wiltshire
In Search Of A Place To Call Home: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Transitional Housing Program For Refugee Families, Colleen Marcia Wiltshire
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Refugees are often faced with insurmountable barriers (such as marginalization and underemployment) as they try to become integrated into their adopted countries. Sand Hills Community Development Inc. (SHCD) devised a transitional housing program to circumvent these barriers, by bolstering newcomers through providing housing and support. The program was located within a residential area and a multicultural housing cooperative, and housed refugee claimants and government-sponsored refugees, respectively. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the degree of success SHCD had in providing a supportive environment for refugee families. Data for the evaluation were based on qualitative interviews which were conducted …
Gender Differences In The Perception Of Rape: The Role Of Ambiguity, Terence Patrick Humphreys
Gender Differences In The Perception Of Rape: The Role Of Ambiguity, Terence Patrick Humphreys
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Past research in the area of rape has focused on rates of acquaintance or date rape (Koss. 1985), the perception of rape victims (Shotland & Goodstein, 1983; Tieger. 1981) and the prevalence of rape myths (Burt, 1980; Gilmartin-Zena, 1988; Larsen & Long, 1988). Findings from Gilmartin-Zena (1988) suggest that most college students recognize obvious rape myths, but are uncertain about "subtle" ones. Other research indicates that males are more likely than females to perceive that forced intercourse was consensual (Abbey, 1982; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshback, 1980). In this vein, the present study tested the hypothesis that there are gender differences …
Citizen Participation In The Development Of Religious Communities As Extended Health Care Centres, Theresa Connie Dunn
Citizen Participation In The Development Of Religious Communities As Extended Health Care Centres, Theresa Connie Dunn
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Citizen participation was encouraged through the use of a needs and resource assessment. The assessment accomplished: 1) a process of involving rural citizens in community decision-making and 2) gathering data useful to the planning of a community chaplaincy program. Seventy participants completed a questionnaire through one of three methods: 1) self-administered by mental health service users, 2) a phone survey of residents in remote rural areas, and 3) a nominal group process involving congregational members. I focused the analysis of the data on: 1) the actual and suggested resources the participants reported for the four needs: personal, spiritual, social and …
Gender Differences In Perceptions Of Sexual And Nonsexual Cues In Dating, Christine Alksnis
Gender Differences In Perceptions Of Sexual And Nonsexual Cues In Dating, Christine Alksnis
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study was an initial attempt to understand how people evaluate their dating experiences. The primary objective was to determine whether males and females have different views about the behaviours that constitute positive, negative and typical dating experiences. Undergraduate students (50 males, 70 females) were asked to rate the likelihood of different sexual and nonsexual events in "good", "bad" and "typical" date contexts as well as to provide written descriptions of their own best, worst and typical dates. For good and typical dates, many of the same events were identified as likely to occur by both men and women. However, …
Living On The Edge: Families' Experience Of Developmental Disability And Mental Illness Across The Life Cycle, Don R. Roth
Living On The Edge: Families' Experience Of Developmental Disability And Mental Illness Across The Life Cycle, Don R. Roth
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This qualitative research document provides an in-depth description of families’ experience of both developmental disability and mental illness (i.e., "dual diagnosis") across the life cycle. This thesis is devoted to listening to family members as they tell their story beginning with the early years of family life, then through childhood and adolescence, and into young adulthood with their family member. This research describes the process of how families developed a framework to interpret and make sense of the world around them. Then, the research integrates these families’ experience over the life cycle with models of family stress and coping in …
Is Conservatism An Artifact Caused By Dissimilarities Between The Laboratory And The Real World?, Stuart B. Kamenetsky
Is Conservatism An Artifact Caused By Dissimilarities Between The Laboratory And The Real World?, Stuart B. Kamenetsky
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Human revision of opinion has often been described as a list of heuristics and cognitive biases. The following study examined the possibility that one of these biases, conservatism, is a result of dissimilarities between the laboratory and the real world. In two experiments, participants ranked problems on a psychological scale of realism, solved several realistic and artificial problems and completed a questionnaire to assess their probability knowledge base. Results showed that participants classified problems into different groups according to their level of realism. Whereas their responses to the artificial problems were conservative, their responses to the realistic problems were very …
An Investigation Of Complexity Of Reasoning And Transactive Dialogue Behaviour In Parents' And Adolescents' Socio-Political Discussions, Silvana Santolupo
An Investigation Of Complexity Of Reasoning And Transactive Dialogue Behaviour In Parents' And Adolescents' Socio-Political Discussions, Silvana Santolupo
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
There has been no observational investigation of parental socialization of adolescent political thinking reported in the developmental literature to date. Following Berkowitz and Gibbs‘ (1983) work on moral development and dialogue, the techniques of integrative complexity of reasoning and transactive dialogue analysis were applied to mother-adolescent political discussions. Adolescent’s age and gender, family parenting styles, and family communication patterns were expected to affect the quality or nature of these discussions. In turn, variations in the discussions were anticipated to influence adolescents’ subsequent integrative complexity of reasoning (IC) scores on a post-test. An equal number of male and female younger adolescents …
Mothers And Others Making Change: Empowerment Through Self-Help And Social Action (Ontario), Susan M. Morrison
Mothers And Others Making Change: Empowerment Through Self-Help And Social Action (Ontario), Susan M. Morrison
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This qualitative research study is an evaluation of the organization, Mothers and Others Making Change (MOMC), a self-help/social action, anti-poverty organization in Kitchener-Waterloo. The research was developed a, both an action and a theoretical investigation designed to answer the questions: Is MOMC an empowering organization? and Is MOMC an empowered organization? Members of MOMC, local and provincial human service representatives and local and provincial politicians were interviewed to obtain their opinions about these questions. The results indicate that both the self-help arid the social action components of the organization are important factors in empowering the members to take control of …
There's No Place Like Home: The Empowering Potential Of The Midwifery Model Of Childbirth, Denise Catherine Squire
There's No Place Like Home: The Empowering Potential Of The Midwifery Model Of Childbirth, Denise Catherine Squire
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purposes of this study were to: 1) explore and describe the experience of the midwifery model of childbirth from the perspectives of midwives and mothers who had planned a homebirth; 2) determine the extent to which the experience of the midwifery model of childbirth evidences my values which have been influenced by feminist literature and literature on empowerment; and 3) make the information from this research available to midwives, families who have used the services of midwives, and the public in general. Four midwives and ten mothers who had planned a homebirth between January 1, 1990 and February 15, …
An Assessment Of Service And Resource Needs Of University Students With Disabilities, Pauline J. Hradil
An Assessment Of Service And Resource Needs Of University Students With Disabilities, Pauline J. Hradil
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Two studies focusing on the need for supportive services and resources for persons with disabilities at universities are described. Both studies took place in the Kitchener-Waterloo community. In Study One, students and faculty at the University of Waterloo and community service workers were surveyed. In Study Two, students and staff at Wilfrid Laurier University and high school students and staff at the Waterloo County Board of Education were surveyed. In total, eighty-two participants were surveyed by interview or questionnaire methods. The results from the two studies provided information about needs and concerns specific to individual participants and settings as well …
Public Attitudes Toward Street Kids And Their Families, Diane Elizabeth Garvin
Public Attitudes Toward Street Kids And Their Families, Diane Elizabeth Garvin
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Public attitudes and perceptions largely determine how and to what extent a society and its communities deal with street kids and their families. It was the purpose of the present study to discover the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of the Kitchener-Waterloo public regarding street kids and their families. Directors from five local agencies assisted me throughout the process of this thesis. A telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of 128 residents from all geographic areas of Kitchener-Waterloo, using a structured questionnaire. The age range of this sample was from 16 to 93 years old. Males and females were …
A Social Psychological Analysis Of Religious Doubts Integrative Complexity And Attribution Biases, Barbara Dallas Mckenzie
A Social Psychological Analysis Of Religious Doubts Integrative Complexity And Attribution Biases, Barbara Dallas Mckenzie
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This research explored religious doubts in two separate investigations, the first an interview study and the second a questionnaire-based survey. In the interview study, 80 persons of varied religious orientations (28 high, 25 middle and 27 low orthodoxy participants) as measured by Fullerton and Hunsberger’s (1982) Christian Orthodoxy Scale, were selected from a sample of approximately 700 introductory psychology students. Respondents were asked about religious doubts they had experienced, the perceived causes of these doubts as well as their resolutions. Responses were coded for complexity of thinking to assess thought patterns related to these doubts. Complexity of thinking about religious …
Needs, Supports, Burden, And Affect The Experiences Of Family Members Of Individuals With Mental Illness, Lysanne Chénier
Needs, Supports, Burden, And Affect The Experiences Of Family Members Of Individuals With Mental Illness, Lysanne Chénier
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of this research project was to examine the needs and supports of family members of people with schizophrenia and to determine the relationship between needs, supports, objective burden, negative affect, and positive affect. The participants were 32 family members of a self-help and support group catering to the families of people with schizophrenia. Three categories of needs and supports were examined. These three categories included: problem-solving, financial and tangible assistance, and social-emotional needs and supports. Family members discussed: the degree of need and support, who currently meets the need, issues and concerns, and suggestions about who might best …