Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Applied Behavior Analysis (125)
- Sociology (115)
- Personality and Social Contexts (92)
- Multicultural Psychology (46)
- Gender and Sexuality (44)
-
- Social Psychology and Interaction (37)
- Asian Studies (22)
- Communication (22)
- International and Area Studies (22)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (19)
- Public Health (18)
- Education (17)
- Cognition and Perception (15)
- Cognitive Psychology (15)
- Social Media (15)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (14)
- Family, Life Course, and Society (13)
- Educational Methods (12)
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology (12)
- Gerontology (10)
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (9)
- Computer Sciences (9)
- Experimental Analysis of Behavior (9)
- Health Psychology (8)
- Arts and Humanities (6)
- Communication Technology and New Media (6)
- Child Psychology (5)
- Keyword
-
- Culture (28)
- Well-being (26)
- Sex differences (24)
- Evolutionary psychology (21)
- Subjective well-being (18)
-
- Emotion (17)
- Mate preferences (17)
- Creativity (16)
- Happiness (14)
- Singapore (12)
- COVID-19 (11)
- Socioeconomic status (11)
- Executive functions (10)
- Meta-analysis (10)
- Daily diary (9)
- Mate selection (9)
- Mating (9)
- Stress (9)
- Cultural differences (8)
- Depression (8)
- Evolutionary mismatch (8)
- Social class (8)
- Cross-cultural (7)
- Dark Triad (7)
- Emotions (7)
- Gender (7)
- Narcissism (7)
- Older adults (7)
- Personality (7)
- Physical attractiveness (7)
Articles 391 - 413 of 413
Full-Text Articles in Social Psychology
Sex Similarities And Differences In Preferences For Short-Term Mates: What, Whether, And Why, Norman P. Li, Douglas T. Kenrick
Sex Similarities And Differences In Preferences For Short-Term Mates: What, Whether, And Why, Norman P. Li, Douglas T. Kenrick
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Are there sex differences in criteria for sexual relationships? The answer depends on what question a researcher asks. Data suggest that, whereas the sexes differ in whether they will enter short-term sexual relationships, they are more similar in what they prioritize in partners for such relationships. However, additional data and context of other findings and theory suggest different underlying reasons. In Studies 1 and 2, men and women were given varying "mate budgets" to design short-term mates and were asked whether they would actually mate with constructed partners. Study 3 used a mate-screening paradigm. Whereas women have been found to …
Integrating The Diverse Definitions Of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework Of Subjective Well-Being, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener, Maya Tamir, Christie N. Scollon, Marrisa Diener
Integrating The Diverse Definitions Of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework Of Subjective Well-Being, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener, Maya Tamir, Christie N. Scollon, Marrisa Diener
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The field of subjective well-being (SWB) is primarily concerned with people's evaluation of their lives; however, it includes a wide range of concepts, from momentary moods to global life satisfaction judgments. We propose a framework that integrates these diverse constructs. Our sequential temporal framework of subjective well-being describes experiences of well-being from the events and circumstances that cause evaluative reactions, through the emotional reactions to these events, to recall of these reactions, and finally to global judgments of well-being based on the previous stages. The hypothesized processes that translate the various steps in the sequence into one another are described, …
Effects Of Bilinguals' Controlled-Attention On Working Memory And Recognition, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang, Stephen J. Ceci, Qi Wang
Effects Of Bilinguals' Controlled-Attention On Working Memory And Recognition, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang, Stephen J. Ceci, Qi Wang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The present study investigated whether bilinguals could show higher working memory (WM) capacity by controlling their attention well on an attention-impeded Stroop-span task while undergoing constant interference. Our research question sprang up from the two existing bodies of research in Cognitive Psychology as an effort to connect the two.
An Experience Sampling And Cross-Cultural Investigation Of The Relation Between Pleasant And Unpleasant Emotion, Christie N. Scollon, Ed Diener, Shigehiro Oishi, Robert Biswas-Diener
An Experience Sampling And Cross-Cultural Investigation Of The Relation Between Pleasant And Unpleasant Emotion, Christie N. Scollon, Ed Diener, Shigehiro Oishi, Robert Biswas-Diener
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The present study examined whether the relation between pleasant and unpleasant emotion varies across cultures and level of analysis (i.e., within-person vs. between-person). A total of 386 participants included European Americans, Asian Americans, Japanese, Indian, and Hispanic students. Momentary mood was assessed up to 7 times daily for one week. At the between-persons level, pleasant and unpleasant mood were positively correlated among Asian Americans and Japanese, but were uncorrelated among the other groups. Factor correlations at the within-person level were strongly negative in all cultures, suggesting that pleasant and unpleasant feelings are rarely experienced at the same time. Implications for …
The Paradox Of Promoting Creativity In The Asian Classroom: An Empirical Investigation, Aik Kwang Ng, Ian Smith
The Paradox Of Promoting Creativity In The Asian Classroom: An Empirical Investigation, Aik Kwang Ng, Ian Smith
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
To shed light on the paradox of promoting creativity in the Asian classroom, the authors conducted 3 studies. The 1st study found that novice teachers classified student behaviors as desirable but uncreative (DBU) versus creative but undesirable (CBU). The 2nd study found that conservative-autocratic teachers were more likely to encourage DBU behaviors in class, whereas liberal-democratic teachers were more likely to encourage CBU behaviors in class. The 3rd study found that cultural individualism—collectivism had a positive impact on liberal—democratic teaching attitude but a negative impact on conservative—autocratic teaching attitude. In turn, liberal—democratic teaching attitude had a positive impact on the …
Is The Good Life The Easy Life?, Christie N. Scollon, Laura A. King
Is The Good Life The Easy Life?, Christie N. Scollon, Laura A. King
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Three studies examined folk concepts of the good life. Participants rated the desirability and moral goodness of a life as a function of the happiness, meaning, and effort experienced. Happiness and meaning were solid predictors of the good life, replicating King and Napa (1998). Study 1 (N = 381) included wealth as an additional factor. Results showed little desire for exorbitant (over moderate) wealth, but also a desire to avoid poverty. When effort was operationalized as number of hours worked, respondents desired the easy life, particularly at moderate levels of income. When effort was operationalized as effortful engagement (Study 2), …
Cross-Situational Consistency Of Affective Experiences Across Cultures, Shigehiro Oishi, Ed Diener, Christie N. Scollon, Robert Biswas-Diener
Cross-Situational Consistency Of Affective Experiences Across Cultures, Shigehiro Oishi, Ed Diener, Christie N. Scollon, Robert Biswas-Diener
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This study examined cross-situational consistency of affective experiences using an experience-sampling method in Japan, India, and the United States. Participants recorded their moods and situations when signaled at random moments for 7 days. The authors examined relative (interindividual) consistency and absolute (within-person) consistency. They found stable interindividual differences of affective experiences across various situations (mean r = .52 for positive affect .51 for negative affect) and cultural invariance of the cross-situational consistency of affective experiences. Simultaneously, the authors found a considerable degree of within-person cross-situational variation in affective experiences, and cultural differences in within-person cross-situational consistency. Thus, global affective traits …
How Are Social Identities Linked To Self-Conception And Intergroup Orientation? The Moderating Effect Of Implicit Theories, Ying-Yi Hong, Gloria Chan, Chi-Yue Chiu, Rosanna Y. M. Wong, Ian G. Hansen, Sau-Lai Lee, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Ho-Ying Fu
How Are Social Identities Linked To Self-Conception And Intergroup Orientation? The Moderating Effect Of Implicit Theories, Ying-Yi Hong, Gloria Chan, Chi-Yue Chiu, Rosanna Y. M. Wong, Ian G. Hansen, Sau-Lai Lee, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Ho-Ying Fu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Social identity approaches assume that social identification affects both self-conception and intergroup orientation. The authors contend that such social identification effects are accentuated when people hold a fixed view of human character and attribute immutable dispositions to social groups. To these individuals, social identities are immutable, concrete entities capable of guiding self-conception and intergroup orientation. Social identification effects are attenuated when people hold a malleable view of human character and thus do not view social identities as fixed, concrete entities. The authors tested and found support for this contention in three studies that were conducted in the context of the …
What To Do On Spring Break? The Role Of Predicted, On-Line, And Remembered Experience In Future Choice, Derrick Wirtz, Justin Kruger, Christie N. Scollon, Ed Diener
What To Do On Spring Break? The Role Of Predicted, On-Line, And Remembered Experience In Future Choice, Derrick Wirtz, Justin Kruger, Christie N. Scollon, Ed Diener
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
When individuals choose future activities on the basis of their past experiences, what guides those choices? The present study compared students' predicted, on-line, and remembered spring-break experiences, as well as the influence of these factors on students' desire to take a similar vacation in the future. Predicted and remembered experiences were both more positive—and, paradoxically, more negative—than on-line experiences. Of key importance, path analyses revealed that remembered experience, but neither on-line nor anticipated experience, directly predicted the desire to repeat the experience. These results suggest that although on-line measures may be superior to retrospective measures for approximating objective experience, retrospective …
Experience Sampling: Promises And Pitfalls, Strengths And Weaknesses, Christie N. Scollon, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener
Experience Sampling: Promises And Pitfalls, Strengths And Weaknesses, Christie N. Scollon, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Focuses on experience sampling methodology (ESM) in psychological research. History of ESM; Types of experience sampling; Pros and cons of ESM.
Dynamical Evolutionary Psychology: Individual Decision Rules And Emergent Social Norms, Douglas T. Kenrick, Norman P. Li, Jonathan Butner
Dynamical Evolutionary Psychology: Individual Decision Rules And Emergent Social Norms, Douglas T. Kenrick, Norman P. Li, Jonathan Butner
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
A new theory integrating evolutionary and dynamical approaches is proposed. Following evolutionary models, psychological mechanisms are conceived as conditional decision rules designed to address fundamental problems confronted by human ancestors, with qualitatively different decision rules serving different problem domains and individual differences in decision rules as a function of adaptive and random variation. Following dynamical models, decision mechanisms within individuals are assumed to unfold in dynamic interplay with decision mechanisms of others in social networks. Decision mechanisms in different domains have different dynamic outcomes and lead to different sociospatial geometries. Three series of simulations examining trade-offs in cooperation and mating …
Dynamical Evolutionary Psychology: Mapping The Domains Of The New Interactionist Paradigm, Douglas T. Kenrick, Jon K. Maner, Jon Butner, Norman P. Li, D. Vaughn Becker, Mark Schaller
Dynamical Evolutionary Psychology: Mapping The Domains Of The New Interactionist Paradigm, Douglas T. Kenrick, Jon K. Maner, Jon Butner, Norman P. Li, D. Vaughn Becker, Mark Schaller
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Dynamical systems and evolutionary theories have both been proposed as integrative approaches to psychology. These approaches are typically applied to different sets of questions. Dynamical systems models address the properties of psychological systems as they emerge and change over time; evolutionary models address the specific functions and contents of psychological structures. New insights can be achieved by integrating these two paradigms, and we propose a framework to begin doing so. The framework specifies a set of six evolutionarily fundamental social goals that place predictable constraints on emergent processes within and between individuals, influencing their dynamics over the short-term, and across …
Lay Theories And Evaluation-Based Organization Of Impressions: An Application Of The Memory Search Paradigm, Yuk-Yue Tong, Chi-Yue Chiu
Lay Theories And Evaluation-Based Organization Of Impressions: An Application Of The Memory Search Paradigm, Yuk-Yue Tong, Chi-Yue Chiu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
People may believe that personal attributes are fixed entities that cannot be changed (hold an entity theory). Alternatively, they may believe that qualities of a person are malleable (hold an incremental theory). In the present research, the authors used Sternberg's (1966) memory search task to examine entity and incremental theorists' cognitive strategies in memory search. It was hypothesized that entity theorists, who have a greater tendency to make spontaneous evaluation of people, would organize impressions in short-term memory according to whether the stimulus persons are positively or negatively evaluated. Next, they might compare the probe only to the stimulus persons …
The Necessities And Luxuries Of Mate Preferences: Testing The Tradeoffs, Norman P. Li, J. Michael Bailey, Douglas T. Kenrick, Joan A. W. Linsenmeier
The Necessities And Luxuries Of Mate Preferences: Testing The Tradeoffs, Norman P. Li, J. Michael Bailey, Douglas T. Kenrick, Joan A. W. Linsenmeier
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Social exchange and evolutionary models of mate selection incorporate economic assumptions but have not considered a key distinction between necessities and luxuries. This distinction can clarify an apparent paradox: Status and attractiveness, though emphasized by many researchers, are not typically rated highly by research participants. Three studies supported the hypothesis that women and men first ensure sufficient levels of necessities in potential mates before considering many other characteristics rated as more important in prior surveys. In Studies 1 and 2, participants designed ideal long-term mates, purchasing various characteristics with 3 different budgets. Study 3 used a mate-screening paradigm and showed …
Communication And Shared Reality: Implications For The Psychological Foundations Of Culture, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Chi-Yue Chiu, Sau-Lai Lee
Communication And Shared Reality: Implications For The Psychological Foundations Of Culture, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Chi-Yue Chiu, Sau-Lai Lee
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Lau et al present a conceptualization of the evolution of shared beliefs from individual interactions, focusing on the role of communication. They argue that the reciprocal relationship between shared reality and communication enables the development of systems of social representations at an individual level.
Linguistic Gender Is Related To Psychological Gender: The Case Of Chinese Characters, Yuk-Yue Tong, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ho-Ying Fu
Linguistic Gender Is Related To Psychological Gender: The Case Of Chinese Characters, Yuk-Yue Tong, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ho-Ying Fu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Past research (Ervin, 1972; Konishi, 1993) suggests that a noun's linguistic gender is not just an arbitrary, semantically-empty linguistic category. Rather it may connote masculine or feminine properties, and thus can subtly influence responses to the noun and its referent. The present study extended this research by exploring how gendered radicals of nonsense Chinese characters might affect the characters' connotations. The results showed that when an unfamiliar Chinese character is encountered, meaning interpretation can be affected by the meaning of the radicals. Moreover, since gendered Chinese radicals are linked to share representations of psychological gender, such as representation may then …
The Darwin Is In The Details, Douglas T. Kenrick, Norman P. Li
The Darwin Is In The Details, Douglas T. Kenrick, Norman P. Li
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Comments on the article by A. H. Eagly and W. Wood which examined the origins of sex differences in human behavior. Eagly and Wood argued that social structural theory can explain the origin of psychological sex differences. The present authors suggest that evolutionary models of sex differences are based on a much broader foundation that Eagly and Wood imply. They note that Eagly and Wood misconstrued previous age preference findings as supporting the "common knowledge" that men prefer younger women. Eagly and Wood also showed that as societies approach gender equality in resource access, some sex differences in mate preferences …
Dynamical Systems And Mating Decision Rules, Douglas T. Kenrick, Norman P. Li, Jonathan E. Butner
Dynamical Systems And Mating Decision Rules, Douglas T. Kenrick, Norman P. Li, Jonathan E. Butner
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Dynamical simulations of male and female mating strategies illustrate how traits such as restrictedness constrain, and are constrained by, local ecology. Such traits cannot be defined solely by genotype or by phenotype, but are better considered as decision rules gauged to ecological inputs. Gangestad and Simpson's work draws attention to the need for additional bridges between evolutionary psychology and dynamical systems theory.
Positivity And The Construction Of Life Satisfaction Judgments: Global Happiness Is Not The Sum Of Its Parts, Ed Diener, Christie N. Scollon, Shigehiro Oishi, Vivian Dzokoto, Mark Eunkook Suh
Positivity And The Construction Of Life Satisfaction Judgments: Global Happiness Is Not The Sum Of Its Parts, Ed Diener, Christie N. Scollon, Shigehiro Oishi, Vivian Dzokoto, Mark Eunkook Suh
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The present study investigated how reports of satisfaction with specific versus global domains can be used to assess a disposition towards positivity in subjective well-being reports. College students from 41 societies (N = 7167) completed measures of life satisfaction and ratings of global and specific aspects of their lives. For example, participants rated satisfaction with their education (global) and satisfaction with their professors, textbooks, and lectures (specific). It was hypothesized that global measures would more strongly reflect individual differences in dispositional positivity, that is, a propensity to evaluate aspects of life in general as good. At both the individual and …
Stereotyping And Self-Presentation: Effects Of Gender Stereotype Activation, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong, Ivy Ching-Man Lam, Jeanne Ho-Ying Fu, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Venus Sau-Lai Lee
Stereotyping And Self-Presentation: Effects Of Gender Stereotype Activation, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong, Ivy Ching-Man Lam, Jeanne Ho-Ying Fu, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Venus Sau-Lai Lee
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Recent research has shown that the presence of stereotype-relevant environmental cues can inadvertently bias people's judgments of others in the direction of the stereotype. The present research demonstrated analogous activation effects on self-stereotyping. In two experiments, the effects of stereotype activation on the tendencies to stereotype others and to self-stereotype were examined. Experiment 1 tested whether incidental exposure to gender-related materials might activate gender stereotypes and hence affect perception of another person. Experiment 2 investigated gender stereotype activation effects on female and male high school students' self-presentation behaviors. The results showed that incidental exposure to stereotype-relevant environmental cues increased both …
What Makes A Life Good?, Laura A. King, Christie N. Scollon
What Makes A Life Good?, Laura A. King, Christie N. Scollon
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Two studies examined folk concepts of the good life. Samples of college students (N=104) and community adults (N=264) were shown a career survey ostensibly completed by a person rating his or her occupation. After reading the survey, participants judged the desirability and moral goodness of the respondent's life, as a function of the amount of happiness, meaning in life, and wealth experienced. Results revealed significant effects of happiness and meaning on ratings of desirability and moral goodness. In the college sample, individuals high on all 3 independent variables were judged as likely to go to heaven. In the adult sample, …
Functional Relations Among Constructs In The Same Content Domain At Different Levels Of Analysis: A Typology Of Composition Models, David Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at different levels of analysis (e.g., individual level, team level, organizational level) that reference essentially the same content but that are qualitatively different at different levels (M. T. Hannan, 1971, K. H. Roberts, C. L. Hulin, & D. M. Rousseau, 1978, D. M. Rousseau, 1985). Specifying adequate composition models is a critical component of good multilevel research. A typology of composition models is proposed to provide a framework for organizing, evaluating, and developing constructs and theories in multilevel research. Five basic forms of composition are described and illustrated. Implications of …
Implicit Theories And Conceptions Of Morality, Chi-Yue Chiu, Carol S. Dweck, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Ho-Ying Fu
Implicit Theories And Conceptions Of Morality, Chi-Yue Chiu, Carol S. Dweck, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Ho-Ying Fu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In this article, the authors propose that individuals' moral beliefs are linked to their implicit theories about the nature (i.e., malleability) of their social-moral reality. Specifically, it was hypothesized that when individuals believe in a fixed reality (entity theory), they tend to hold moral beliefs in which duties within the given system are seen as fundamental. In contrast, when individuals believe in a malleable reality (incremental theory), one that can be shaped by individuals, they hold moral beliefs that focus on moral principles, such as human rights, around which that reality should be organized. Results from 5 studies supported the …