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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Personality and Social Contexts
Threads Of Time: A Lifespan Perspective On Temporal Simulations, Self-Continuity And Meaning In Life, Jonathan Louis Jie Sheng Chia
Threads Of Time: A Lifespan Perspective On Temporal Simulations, Self-Continuity And Meaning In Life, Jonathan Louis Jie Sheng Chia
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
This research investigates how temporal simulations—prospection and retrospection — influence meaning in life (MIL) through the mediating role of self-continuity, and whether these relationships vary with age. Across two studies, self-continuity mediated these associations, but the specific pathways appeared to be nuanced. In Study 1, using a correlational design, frequency of prospection and retrospection positively and negatively predicted MIL via self-continuity respectively. These indirect effects, however, became nonsignificant when accounting for personality and dispositional affect, suggesting the effects of temporal simulation frequency to be primarily driven by these individual differences. Study 2 experimentally manipulated temporal simulations. Prospection enhanced MIL through …
What Makes An Experience Meaningful: A Process/Outcome Approach, Clement Yong Hao Lau
What Makes An Experience Meaningful: A Process/Outcome Approach, Clement Yong Hao Lau
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Scant research has investigated how meaning judgement of an experience are derived; even fewer has examined how these judgements shift over time. To address these gaps, the present research introduced Process/Outcome Meaning Model (POMM)—which proposes that meaning can be derived from two distinct aspects of an experience: its process (i.e., the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that unfold during the experience) and its outcome (i.e., the results or consequences that follow). POMM further suggests that changes in perceived outcomes may lead to corresponding shifts in meaning judgements over time. Across three studies, participants wrote about and reflected on their personal (positive …
What Might David Do In The Face Of Goliath? The Effects Of Height On Status-Signaling Behaviours In Males, Nicole Ruiying Chen
What Might David Do In The Face Of Goliath? The Effects Of Height On Status-Signaling Behaviours In Males, Nicole Ruiying Chen
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
While the extant literature has looked mainly at how attractive, opposite-sex stimuli impacts our behaviour, much less is known regarding how exposure to same-sex stimuli may also wield influence on human behaviors. Proffering an evolutionary-based perspective, this study aims to investigate, in a sample of heterosexual males, how exposure to taller same-sex stimuli will differentially influence conspicuous status-signaling behaviors of shorter males compared to taller males, in the context of a mating motive. Two competing hypotheses are proposed: (1) shorter males will display greater conspicuous status-signaling compared to taller males in the presence of a tall male confederate and (2) …
No Interest In Being Cynical: Conflicting Versus Corresponding Interests Track Variability In The Link Between Personal Control And Cynicism, Bryan Kwok Cheng Choy
No Interest In Being Cynical: Conflicting Versus Corresponding Interests Track Variability In The Link Between Personal Control And Cynicism, Bryan Kwok Cheng Choy
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Recent literature indicates that a lack of personal control negatively predicts (social) cynicism, a negative view of others as self-interested and exploitative (Stavrova & Ehlebracht, 2018a, 2019). Despite the ostensibly robust nature of this relationship, I propose that the strength of the link between personal control and cynicism could be more variable than extant findings have suggested. In particular, I argue that variability in the controlcynicism link may be tracked (i.e., moderated) by the extent to which actors in a situation have corresponding or conflicting interests, with the effect of control on cynicism being attenuated when actors are perceived to …
The Fear Of Being Idle: What It Is And How It Relates To Goal Pursuits, Verity Yu Qing Lua
The Fear Of Being Idle: What It Is And How It Relates To Goal Pursuits, Verity Yu Qing Lua
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Modern society places a strong emphasis on making full use of one’s time and the aversion of idleness. While urging people to spend their time wisely can promote productivity and personal striving, an overemphasis on this ideal can also have detrimental effects on their sense of well-being. However, to date, there is limited research on individuals’ belief about aversion towards idle time – in part due to the lack of a measurement scale to assess such a disposition. Thus, the current work proposed a novel construct and measure—the fear of being idle (FOBI)—to capture the individual differences in affective responses …
It’S A Privilege, Not An Entitlement: Attributions Of Advantage And Perceived Deservingness Distinguish Feelings Of Privilege And Entitlement, Amos Tai
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Having an advantage over others can be seen as a privilege or an entitlement. Drawing on attribution theory, we hypothesized that recipients of relative advantage may perceive it as a privilege or an entitlement based on external or internal attributions of their advantage, respectively. Furthermore, we hypothesized that relative to the external attribution of privilege, the internal attribution of entitlement should subsequently predict stronger beliefs of deservingness, as well as stronger feelings of pride in response to received advantage, but stronger feelings of anger when advantage is denied. Study 1 tested the basic attributional processes tied to privilege and entitlement …
Awe And Relationship Quality, Gloria Junyan Lai
Awe And Relationship Quality, Gloria Junyan Lai
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
The experience of awe has been studied as having self-transcending outcomes that produce a decrease in importance of the individual’s interests and an increase in the interests of others. This shift in self-concept is said to be a sense of self-diminishment vis-à-vis perceived vast stimuli. When applied to a romantic relationship context, it is possible that a shift of attention away from self-serving motives, towards relationship-enhancing motives, may promote positive relationship outcomes. As such, the current study examined how experimentally induced awe may influence relationship commitment and forgiveness via an expected increase in self-diminishment. 607 participants were randomly assigned to …
Why Do Some Perfectionists Procrastinate? The Role Of Using Effective Time Management Strategies And Perceived Busyness In Perfectionism Outcomes, Xinyao Yu
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
In many achievement-driven societies, maintaining productivity amidst an increasingly busy and stressful schedule has become a challenge for many people, particularly those with perfectionistic tendencies. Across two studies, the present research examined why some perfectionists are more prone to procrastination and tested the effectiveness of time management intervention in reducing their procrastination tendencies. Specifically, the current studies adopted a multidimensional approach to measure perfectionism as manifested in perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Study 1 showed that perfectionistic strivings negatively predicted procrastination, while perfectionistic concerns positively predicted procrastination, through the mediating effects of using effective time management strategies. Study 2 further …
Socioeconomic Status And Pro-Environmentalism: The Role Of Time Perspective, Tok Qian Hui Tricia
Socioeconomic Status And Pro-Environmentalism: The Role Of Time Perspective, Tok Qian Hui Tricia
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Human actions have caused unprecedented environmental problems, from air and water pollution to climate change. Understanding the demographic influences and psychological antecedents that can motivate more pro-environmentalism (PEV) in individuals could therefore aid in tackling these challenges. The present research aimed to uncover the role that time perspective plays in explaining PEV choices among those of specific socioeconomic contexts. In Study 1, parallel mediation analyses of correlational data (N = 301) found that higher subjective socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with a future time perspective, which in turn positively influenced stronger citizenship and personal intentions to act on climate …
Regulating Behavioral Spillovers: Regulatory Focus Moderates The Link Between Perceived Goal Progress And Engagement In Subsequent Behaviors, Tengjiao Huang
Regulating Behavioral Spillovers: Regulatory Focus Moderates The Link Between Perceived Goal Progress And Engagement In Subsequent Behaviors, Tengjiao Huang
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Behavioral spillover occurs when performing an initial behavior increases the likelihood of performing a subsequent behavior (positive spillover) or decreases this likelihood (negative spillover). The current research focuses on negative spillovers of pro-environmental behaviors (PEB), which has the implication of limiting individuals’ environmental conservation efforts. To offer insights, three studies sought to explicate how and for whom negative spillovers would occur. I theorized that prior behaviors would negatively predict subsequent behaviors via greater perceived goal progress and that this negative association between perceived goal progress and subsequent engagement would be more pronounced for people with a strong (vs. weak) promotion …
Battling Self-Esteem Issues During Sns Use: A Multilevel Latent Variable Path Analysis Approach, Shi Ann Shuna Khoo
Battling Self-Esteem Issues During Sns Use: A Multilevel Latent Variable Path Analysis Approach, Shi Ann Shuna Khoo
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Although studies have consistently indicated that heavier social networking sites (SNS) use perpetuates poorer self‑esteem outcomes, no study has examined potential intervention methods that can counteract the ill-effects of SNS use. We sought to examine whether SNS use in a self-affirmative manner could mitigate threats to self that are often experienced during its use. Specifically, we hypothesized that the viewing of one’s SNS profile (i.e., Instagram profile) would have self-affirmative effects on individuals and improve their self-perception, and these effects are mediated by self‑concept clarity. We tested these hypotheses through cross-sectional (Study 1) and intensive longitudinal (Study 2) studies. Across …
The Role Of Age And Time Horizon In Affect–Meaning Relations, Jun Sheng Keh
The Role Of Age And Time Horizon In Affect–Meaning Relations, Jun Sheng Keh
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Extant research has demonstrated robust positive relations between positive affect (PA) and meaning, although the strength of this relationship has been found to vary as a function of both chronological age and time horizon (Hicks et al., 2012). This can be explained by the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST), which posits that both older adults and those with a limited time horizon (i.e., perceive less remaining in life) tend to focus on emotional goals over knowledge goals. In the current paper, I sought to extend SST’s findings to the level of activities by examining how chronological age, time horizon (both existing …
Effects Of Positive Reappraisal And Self-Distancing On Meaning-Making In Negative Experiences, Yong Hao Clement Lau
Effects Of Positive Reappraisal And Self-Distancing On Meaning-Making In Negative Experiences, Yong Hao Clement Lau
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Scant research has investigated the impact of common daily adversities on one’s sense of meaning, and how one can cope and find meaning in these distressing events. Drawing on the meaning-making model and tripartite model of meaning, this study sought to examine how using a combination of coping strategies (i.e., positive reappraisal and self-distancing) can help individuals to derive greater situational meaning (i.e., meaning from the experience), greater global meaning (i.e., meaning in life)—across three facets (i.e., coherence, significance, and purpose). Specifically, it is proposed that the effects of positive reappraisal on promoting meaning would be enhanced by adopting a …
The Effects Of Counterfactual Thinking On Everyday Meaning, Wynn Tan
The Effects Of Counterfactual Thinking On Everyday Meaning, Wynn Tan
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Meaning-making literature largely focuses on predictors of global meaning rather than situational meaning. This is insufficient as both levels of meaning are necessary for a sustained sense of meaning. Past studies found evidence that downward counterfactuals can enhance the meaningfulness of events. However, those findings may be due to existing studies’ focus on major events and did not study how meaning could change over time. For everyday events, upward counterfactuals were proposed to be more apt in enhancing meaning. Using a multiphase diary study, this paper examined whether upward counterfactual thinking predicted event meaningfulness, and more specifically if it was …
Taking Health-Risks As A Short-Term Mating Strategy, Alvin Jun Jie Wong
Taking Health-Risks As A Short-Term Mating Strategy, Alvin Jun Jie Wong
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Diseases pose a recurring, and often indiscriminate threat to the health of individuals. However, there exists a wide range of behavioral responses between individuals when it comes to taking health precautions or undertaking risks in response to this perennial threat, with some responses seeming maladaptive to an individual’s survival. The present study adopts the lens of evolutionary psychology and suggests that taking health risks represent a short-term mating strategy in men, which potentially trades survival for reproductive fitness. Taking health risks is hypothesized to be an honest signal of both good genes and a strong physiological immune system, both of …
Sorry, Locals Only: An Experimental Investigation Of The Affective, Behavioural, And Cognitive Consequences Of National Identity Denial, Nadyanna Binte Mohamed Majeed
Sorry, Locals Only: An Experimental Investigation Of The Affective, Behavioural, And Cognitive Consequences Of National Identity Denial, Nadyanna Binte Mohamed Majeed
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Existing literature shows that experiences of identity denial and questioning (IDQ) present two major consequences for racial minority groups: increased negative affect and behaviours to reassert one’s identity. The current thesis addresses two limitations in this literature—concerns about generalisability to non-US contexts, and potential consequences for cognitive functioning—by examining IDQ effects on individuals from distinct racial groups in Singapore. Through a correlational survey, Study 1 provided evidence for the incidence of IDQ in Singapore across the three racial groups, although IDQ reports were generally higher among racial minority groups (i.e., Malay and Indian) than the racial majority group (i.e., Chinese). …
Dual Pathways To Burnout And Engagement: The Role Of Personal Goal Facilitation Through Work, Self-Discrepancy And Emotions, Bek Wuay Tang
Dual Pathways To Burnout And Engagement: The Role Of Personal Goal Facilitation Through Work, Self-Discrepancy And Emotions, Bek Wuay Tang
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
According to the job-person fit framework, workplace burnout is often exacerbated by mismatches between the characteristics of the employee and the organization. Consistent with this view, past research has found that employees who perceive low personal goal facilitation through work (PGFW) report higher levels of burnout. However, personal goals were often assessed nomothetically, based on the assumption that individuals across occupational groups share similar personal goals they would like to achieve through work. The current research took an idiographic approach by examining if PGFW assessed based on individuals’ uniquely defined personal goals would predict burnout and work engagement. In addition, …
Two Roads Diverged: An Alternative Perspective On The Easi Model, Nadhilla Velda Melia
Two Roads Diverged: An Alternative Perspective On The Easi Model, Nadhilla Velda Melia
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Research on the interpersonal effect of anger expressions on others’ concessionary behaviour has found conflicting results about whether anger expressions increase or decrease concessionary behaviour. The Emotions as Social Information (EASI) model (Van Kleef, 2009, 2014) proposed that these conflicting findings can be resolved by looking at inferential and affective processes. Specifically, anger expressions increase concessionary behaviour via inferential processes but decrease concessionary behaviour via affective processes. However, previous research has mainly focused on dominance-related inferences and reciprocal anger reactions. I propose that the relationship between anger expressions and concessionary behaviour is determined by the type of inferential and affective …
The Impact Of Kiasu Mindset On Students’ Achievement Goal Orientations And Learning Strategies In Singapore, Haelim Choi
The Impact Of Kiasu Mindset On Students’ Achievement Goal Orientations And Learning Strategies In Singapore, Haelim Choi
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Kiasuism, defined as the fear of losing out, has been a well-known and widespread phenomenon in Singapore. Despite the long history of Kiasuism in Singaporeans, there has been a dearth of research in this topic. The current research investigated the influence of the Kiasu mindset on Singaporean students’ achievement goal orientation and learning strategy, and also explored the impact of social comparison as a moderator. Study 1 showed initial evidence of a positive relationship between Kiasu mindset and performance goal orientations (i.e., approach and avoidance). Study 2 replicated this finding and further revealed a positive association of Kiasu mindset with …
Is It Only The Thought That Counts; Or Do Gift Cost, Social Approval, And Relationship Satisfaction Matter Too?, Farah Binte Abdul Malik
Is It Only The Thought That Counts; Or Do Gift Cost, Social Approval, And Relationship Satisfaction Matter Too?, Farah Binte Abdul Malik
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
This study investigated the effects of gift cost, social network (SN) approval, and relationship satisfaction on a gift receiver’s perception of the giver’s commitment to their romantic relationship. In addition to predictions of positive main effects (H1 to H3), it was predicted that relationship satisfaction would moderate the effects of gift cost (H4) and SN approval (H5). Participants were 227 undergraduates from Singapore who completed a survey online. A hierarchical moderated regression analysis was conducted, and the results supported all the hypotheses except H5. The novel findings were that receivers perceived their partners to be more committed when their SN …
Boosting Creative Ideation Through Improving Self-Regulation, Sean Teck Hao Lee
Boosting Creative Ideation Through Improving Self-Regulation, Sean Teck Hao Lee
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Although creative ideation requires deviating sufficiently from conventional thoughts, people tend to fixate on highly salient and accessible concepts when responding to idea generation tasks. Surmounting such a default tendency then, is crucial to generating creative ideas. Bridging creative cognition with self-regulation research, I hypothesized that inhibitory control over such a default response may require self-regulatory resources. This would suggest that interventions that increase people’s self-regulatory resources may also boost their creativity. However, results from Study 1 did not support this hypothesis. Specifically, there was no significant difference between ego-depleted versus non-depleted participants in terms of inhibitory control over salient …
Individual Differences In Executive Function And Reappraisal: A Latent-Variable Analysis, Wei Xing Toh
Individual Differences In Executive Function And Reappraisal: A Latent-Variable Analysis, Wei Xing Toh
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Cognitive reappraisal is an adaptive emotion regulation strategy that positively impacts various facets of adaptive functioning (e.g., interpersonal relations, subjective well-being). Although reappraisal implicates cognitive processing, a clear consensus concerning the cognitive underpinnings of reappraisal has not yet been reached. Therefore, we examined how executive function (EF)—i.e., three general-purpose control abilities comprising working memory, inhibition, and shifting—are associated with performance-based reappraisal ability and self-reported reappraisal frequency. Using a latent-variable approach, we found that the shared variance among EF tasks (i.e., common EF)—a general goal-management ability that facilitates the active maintenance of task goals—significantly predicted reappraisal ability, but not reappraisal frequency. …
Reappraisal And Savoring As Mediators Of The Effect Of Informal Mindfulness Practice On Well-Being, Yan Qiang Tan
Reappraisal And Savoring As Mediators Of The Effect Of Informal Mindfulness Practice On Well-Being, Yan Qiang Tan
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Although extensive research has been conducted on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), the processes through which MBIs affects well-being are still unclear. Furthermore, most of the current mindfulness research has focused on formal mindfulness practice. I aim to contribute to the field by studying the effects of informal mindfulness practice delivered through a mobile application in a two-week experience sampling study. Well-being was examined at three levels: immediately after completing an informal mindfulness exercise, at the end-of-the-day, and retrospective assessments of the two-week intervention period. I examined two possible mediators of the effect of the MBI on well-being: reappraisal …
What Influence Gratitude? The Effects Of Type Of Benefactor, Sense Of Entitlement And Downward Counterfactual Thought, Chou Chuen Yu
What Influence Gratitude? The Effects Of Type Of Benefactor, Sense Of Entitlement And Downward Counterfactual Thought, Chou Chuen Yu
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Research has shown that gratitude towards a benefactor positively predicts subjective well-being and other outcomes such as reciprocity and helping behaviours. However, previous research has not examined whether this effect is consistent or will differ across benefactor type (i.e., individual versus group). Research has also not examined the potential effects of accompanying thoughts related to the benefit assessment. Through two experimental studies, the hypotheses that gratitude towards benefactor is lower for group benefactor as compared to individual benefactor, that self-entitlement thoughts and downward counterfactual thoughts will have main effects on gratitude as well as moderate the effect of benefactor type …