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Articles 91 - 118 of 118
Full-Text Articles in Counseling Psychology
Assessing The Relationship Of Career Goal Autonomy And Intrinsic Content On Vocational And General Well-Being, Andrew E. Kerlow-Myers
Assessing The Relationship Of Career Goal Autonomy And Intrinsic Content On Vocational And General Well-Being, Andrew E. Kerlow-Myers
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000) argues that if the goals pursued in a life domain are not congruent with the needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, well-being in that domain will be negatively impacted or at best, stagnant. Goals are an important part of career interventions (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994), yet no research to date has assessed the importance of need congruent goals in the career domain. The present study assessed the effect of career goal autonomy (CGA) and career goal intrinsic content (CGIC) on well-being in the career domain (vocational well-being; VWB) and two components of …
How Psychotherapy Trainees Experience Theoretical Orientation Development : A Phenomenological Study, Mark Mason
How Psychotherapy Trainees Experience Theoretical Orientation Development : A Phenomenological Study, Mark Mason
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Knowledge and application of theory are integral to the practice of psychotherapy. Despite the focus on theory in clinical training, little is known about how psychotherapy trainees experience, learn about, and develop a theoretical orientation. This phenomenological study used grounded theory methods to examine 15 counseling and clinical psychology doctoral students' experiences developing a theoretical orientation. The specific purpose of the study was to understand in depth these trainees' perspectives on and attributions about learning and developing expertise with a specific theoretical orientation.
Effectiveness Of An Online Personalized Feedback Intervention For Young Adult Problem Drinkers, Tracey Rocha
Effectiveness Of An Online Personalized Feedback Intervention For Young Adult Problem Drinkers, Tracey Rocha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study investigated the effectiveness of a two-component, personalized feedback intervention for reducing alcohol use among adults, aged 18-35, who meet criteria for problem drinking. All recruitment and intervention procedures were conducted over the internet. The study compared the effects of personalized social norms feedback alone, to social norms feedback plus feedback about the individual's level of risk and harm, and to an educational intervention (control group). The interaction of age with the effectiveness of each component of the intervention was also examined.
Women, Alcoholics Anonymous, And Related Mutual Aid Groups: Review And Recommendations For Research, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Ericka B. Adams
Women, Alcoholics Anonymous, And Related Mutual Aid Groups: Review And Recommendations For Research, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Ericka B. Adams
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Recent literature reviews and meta-analyses have supported the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in helping members stop drinking and maintain sobriety. Despite the extensive body of research on AA, less attention has focused on differences in the efficacy of the program for and experiences of women as compared to men. Such a focus is warranted given that there are significant gender differences in the development and progression of alcoholism, impact of drinking, and response to treatment. This review synthesizes results of extant research on women in AA and similar mutual aid groups focused on problem drinking to describe the state …
Trauma Severity And Defensive Emotion-Regulation Reactions As Predictors Of Forgetting Childhood Trauma, Bette L. Bottoms, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Michelle A. Epstein, Matthew J. Badanek
Trauma Severity And Defensive Emotion-Regulation Reactions As Predictors Of Forgetting Childhood Trauma, Bette L. Bottoms, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Michelle A. Epstein, Matthew J. Badanek
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Using a retrospective survey, we studied a sample of 1679 college women to determine whether reports of prior forgetting of sexual abuse, physical abuse, and other traumas could be explained by trauma severity and individual differences in the use of defensive emotion-regulation reactions (i.e., repressive coping, dissociation, and fantasy proneness). Among victims of physical abuse (but not sexual abuse or other types of trauma), those who experienced severe abuse and used defensive reactions were sometimes more likely to report temporary forgetting of abuse, but other times less likely to report forgetting. We also found unanticipated main effects of trauma severity …
The Effects Of Revictimization On Coping And Depression In Female Sexual Assault Victims, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
The Effects Of Revictimization On Coping And Depression In Female Sexual Assault Victims, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
To examine the effects of being revictimized, 555 women completed 2 mail surveys 1 year apart, reporting their experiences of sexual assault, the strategies they used to cope with those experiences, and feelings of depression. Path analyses, controlling for baseline coping and depression, revealed that those who were revictimized during the study reported using more maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies than did those who were not revictimized (β = .11 and β = .16, respectively). Further, women who were revictimized reported more depression than others (β = .15). This effect was explained in part by revictimized women's increased maladaptive coping. …
Examination Of The Interaction Of Drinking Motives And Personality On Alcohol Use And Alcohol-Related Problems Among College Students, Jessica Lynn Martin
Examination Of The Interaction Of Drinking Motives And Personality On Alcohol Use And Alcohol-Related Problems Among College Students, Jessica Lynn Martin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Approximately 55% of U.S. college students report binge drinking at least once in the previous two weeks (Core Institute, 2006). Students who engage in binge drinking are more likely to experience academic, social and legal problems as a result of their drinking (e.g., Wechsler et al., 2002). It is important for researchers to investigate factors associated with alcohol use and related problems so that prevention and intervention efforts can be targeted toward those students most at-risk for heavy consumption and alcohol-related problems.
Black College Students' Perceptions Of Occupational Self-Efficacy And Barriers For Racially/Ethnically Traditional And Nontraditional Majors, Justin T. Gibson
Black College Students' Perceptions Of Occupational Self-Efficacy And Barriers For Racially/Ethnically Traditional And Nontraditional Majors, Justin T. Gibson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Testing The Influence Of Counselors' Self-Disclosure In Career Counseling : Does The Content Of The Disclosure Matter?, Kerrin A. Sendrowitz
Testing The Influence Of Counselors' Self-Disclosure In Career Counseling : Does The Content Of The Disclosure Matter?, Kerrin A. Sendrowitz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which counselor self-disclosure influenced the process and outcome of career counseling. The investigation was a one-session field intervention that used an experimental between-groups design, in which clients were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) coping-mastery self-disclosure: the career counselor disclosed having personally experienced a similar career-related challenge and described how he or she overcame that challenge, (2) similarity self-disclosure: the career counselor disclosed having personally experienced a similar career-related challenge, without describing how he or she overcame the challenge, and (3) no self-disclosure. The dependent variables were …
Career Role Models Of Heterosexual And Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual College Students, Michelle M. Morrow
Career Role Models Of Heterosexual And Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual College Students, Michelle M. Morrow
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The lack of role models has been cited as a barrier in the career development of sexual minority individuals (Fassinger, 1996; Fassinger, 2008). Despite the theoretical arguments about the importance of gay, lesbian and bisexual role models for sexual minority individuals there is a paucity of empirical literature examining this topic. In one such study, Nauta, Saucier, and Woodard (2001) found that sexual minority individuals reported a higher number of role models than their heterosexual peers, but significantly less support and guidance when making academic and career decisions. Additionally, they found that sexual minority individuals sought role models who were …
The Effects Of Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, And Generational Status On Situation Well-Being Of Asian Americans, Li-Ling Lin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A randomized three-group, experimental online study was conducted to investigate the degree to which ethnic identity and generational status moderated the relationship between racial discrimination and situational well-being in a sample of Asian Americans. Replicating and extending Yoo and Lee's (2008) study, the current sample of 194 Asian American participants were randomly assigned to one of three vignettes: without racial discrimination (control group), a single incident of racial discrimination, or multiple incidents of racial discrimination. Results indicated that participants in the two experimental conditions reported more negative affect than participants in the control group, and participants in the multiple incidents …
How Does Diagnostic Context Moderate Counselor Hypothesis Testing Strategies?, Nadia Teresa D'Iuso
How Does Diagnostic Context Moderate Counselor Hypothesis Testing Strategies?, Nadia Teresa D'Iuso
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study sought to replicate and extend the work done by Ellis, Brody and Speranza (1998) and Speranza (2001) by examining how counselor trainees differentially use three hypothesis testing strategies (i.e., confirmatory, disconfirmatory, and unbiased) to test and develop their diagnosis within three diagnostic contexts (i.e., the clinical data presented to trainees). The study's hypotheses were the following: (1) as predicted by Speranza (2001), the diagnostic context would affect the differential use of the hypothesis testing strategies by trainees; (2) identical to Speranza (2001), trainees would use a greater number of the disconfirmatory hypothesis testing strategy when compared to the …
The Effect Of Acculturation And Ethnic Identity On Perceived Racism In African American And Black West Indian Populations, Jerome Farrell
The Effect Of Acculturation And Ethnic Identity On Perceived Racism In African American And Black West Indian Populations, Jerome Farrell
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Black Americans comprise 14% of the total population in the U.S. (U.S. Census, 2010), and describes a diverse group of people with many different unique challenges and struggles based upon their specific cultural or ethnic group. Black Americans not only include African Americans but people of African descent from the Caribbean or the African Continent. The difference in country of origin and the subsequent culture of these different groups have led to a rich cultural diversity among Black Americans. This study examined the different cultural experiences of Black Americans.
Prospective Changes In Attributions Of Self-Blame And Social Reactions To Women’S Disclosures Of Adult Sexual Assault, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Prospective Changes In Attributions Of Self-Blame And Social Reactions To Women’S Disclosures Of Adult Sexual Assault, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The present longitudinal study examined relations between self-blame attributions and social reactions to disclosure in a community sample of adult sexual assault victims (N = 555). Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that neither characterological self-blame nor behavioral self-blame related to negative social reactions over the 1-year follow-up period. In contrast, characterological but not behavioral self-blame predicted fewer positive reactions over time. Although positive reactions did not reduce self-blame, negative reactions led to greater characterological, but not behavioral, self-blame during the course of the study. Thus, relations between self-blame and social reactions were not reciprocal but rather quite complex. The effects …
Vulnerability And Protective Factors For Sexual Assault, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Vulnerability And Protective Factors For Sexual Assault, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Approximately 1 in 5 women experience sexual assaults in adulthood during their lives (see Post, this volume, for review), including experiences of unwanted sexual contact, sexual coercion, attempted rape, and completed rape that result from threat, force, or incapacitation from alcohol or drugs (either willingly or unwillingly consumed).
Examining The Persuasive Effect Of Metaphor Use In Psychotherapy : An Experimental Test Of Contributing Factors, Walter A. Kendall
Examining The Persuasive Effect Of Metaphor Use In Psychotherapy : An Experimental Test Of Contributing Factors, Walter A. Kendall
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research suggests that metaphors can facilitate attitude change in psychotherapy. Based on social influence theory (Strong, 1968) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) of persuasion, this analogue study tested the impact of metaphor use in the context of advice as a therapeutic intervention. In an experimental design, 138 adult participants were randomly assigned to observe a brief videotaped vignette in which a therapist's advice to a client either did or did not include a novel metaphor. After observing the video, participants completed a measure of therapist credibility, the Counselor Rating Form-Short Version (CRF-S; Corrigan & Schmidt, …
Engaging Reluctant Adolescents In Family Therapy : An Exploratory Change Process Study, Jane Higham
Engaging Reluctant Adolescents In Family Therapy : An Exploratory Change Process Study, Jane Higham
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engagement in family therapy is considered to be a challenging task with adolescent members who resist the therapy process, and this task begins from the first moment of interaction (Liddle, 1995; Rubenstein, 2005). The term engagement in family therapy refers to a client's observable or self-reported experience of therapy as meaningful, a sense of involvement, and active negotiation of the goals and tasks of therapy with the therapist and with other family members (Friedlander, Escudero, & Heatherington, 2006). There is, however, little empirical research on how to do so, and exactly how therapists can create a shift from disengagement to …
How Do Therapists Ally With Adolescents In The Context Of Family Therapy? : An Examination Of Relational Control Communication Patterns, Cristina Muniz
How Do Therapists Ally With Adolescents In The Context Of Family Therapy? : An Examination Of Relational Control Communication Patterns, Cristina Muniz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The creation and maintenance of a strong therapeutic alliance is one of the most robust predictors of successful treatment for adult (Horvath & Bedi, 2002) and adolescent (Karver, Handelsman, Fields, & Bickman, 2006) clients across diverse therapy formats and presenting problems. However, research on the alliance with adolescents lags far behind research with adults, particularly in the context of family therapy. Because of the supported efficacy of family therapy for diverse adolescent problems (Shelef et al., 2005), the present study examined the association between observed therapist-adolescent alliances and relational control communication in the context of conjoint family therapy. Relational control …
The Impact Of Counselor Recovery Status, Disclosure, Education, And Experience On The Working Alliance In The Treatment Of Substance Use Disorders, Brian D. Roland
The Impact Of Counselor Recovery Status, Disclosure, Education, And Experience On The Working Alliance In The Treatment Of Substance Use Disorders, Brian D. Roland
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Although evidence shows that between 30 and 75 percent of alcohol and other drug (AOD) counselors are themselves in recovery from a substance use disorder, dated research comparing the effectiveness of recovering and non-recovering counselors failed to control for education, experience, and use of disclosure. Given that the strength of the working alliance between client and counselor is highly predictive of outcome and utilizing interpersonal influence theory as an organizing framework, a path model was hypothesized which posited (a) counselor recovery status and its disclosure impact counselor attractiveness which, in turn, impacts working alliance; (b) counselor education impacts counselor expertness …
Experiences Of Christian Clients In Secular Psychotherapy : A Qualitative Investigation, Carrie Lynn Cragun
Experiences Of Christian Clients In Secular Psychotherapy : A Qualitative Investigation, Carrie Lynn Cragun
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
According to several authors, many Christians are skeptical of psychology and fear that their religious beliefs will be misunderstood, unappreciated, ridiculed, or eroded in secular therapy (King, 1978). The purpose of the present discovery-oriented study was to understand Christian clients' phenomenological experiences in secular therapy.
Understanding Alcohol-Related Sexual Assaults: Characteristics And Consequences, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Understanding Alcohol-Related Sexual Assaults: Characteristics And Consequences, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Sexual assaults commonly involve alcohol use, but little is known about alcohol’s effects on many aspects of assaults and their aftermath. We investigated characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and assaults as a function of whether alcohol was involved in the assault, as well as differences in women’s post-assault experiences. Assaults prior to which only perpetrators were drinking differed not only from non-alcohol-related assaults, but also from those prior to which both perpetrators and victims were drinking. Understanding the effects of alcohol-related assaults is important for identifying victims who should be targeted for mental health and substance use interventions.
Alcohol-Related Help Seeking In Problem Drinking Women Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Alcohol-Related Help Seeking In Problem Drinking Women Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Correlates of alcohol-related help seeking were studied in women sexual assault survivors who were current problem drinkers (N = 526) in a large metropolitan area in 2002-2003. Volunteer participants completed several valid and reliable instruments, which assessed alcohol use and misuse and related help seeking (i.e., the TWEAK, GFM, and MAST). Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results suggest that correlates of women survivors’ alcohol-related help seeking vary depending on the specific source. Limitations and implications are noted and recommendations for future research are made. This study was funded by the National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Correlates Of Suicidal Ideation And Attempts In Female Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Correlates Of Suicidal Ideation And Attempts In Female Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Relations between (a) serious suicidal ideation and attempts and (b) demographics, trauma history, assault characteristics, post-assault outcomes, and psychosocial variables were examined among female adult sexual assault survivors. Younger, minority, and bisexual survivors reported greater ideation. More traumas, drug use, and assault disclosure related to greater attempts, whereas perceived control over recovery was related to fewer attempts. Child sexual abuse and some assault characteristics predicted suicidal behavior. Depression was related to suicidal behavior until psychosocial variables were accounted for. Specifically, using substances to cope and self-blame predicted greater ideation, whereas receiving aid/information support was related to less ideation. Implications for …
Competitiveness And Addictive Behaviors : Exploring The Role Of Competitiveness And Gender In Exercise Dependence, Disordered Eating, And Alcohol Use, Holly Felicia Serrao
Competitiveness And Addictive Behaviors : Exploring The Role Of Competitiveness And Gender In Exercise Dependence, Disordered Eating, And Alcohol Use, Holly Felicia Serrao
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current study explored whether or not trait competitiveness existed as an underlying factor contributing to the higher rates of exercise dependence, disordered eating, and alcohol use among athletes. Additionally, the study examined whether certain gender differences occurred, such that the relationship between competitiveness and disordered eating would be stronger for female athletes, the relationship between competitiveness and alcohol use would be stronger for male athletes, and the relationship between competitiveness and exercise dependence would be gender neutral.
Disordered Eating Among Collegiate Female Athletes : The Role Of Athletic Seasonal Status And Self-Objectification, Christy Duffy-Paiement
Disordered Eating Among Collegiate Female Athletes : The Role Of Athletic Seasonal Status And Self-Objectification, Christy Duffy-Paiement
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Over the past several decades there has been a significant increase in attention to the eating related beliefs and behaviors of female college athletes, particularly in determining whether certain subgroups of athletes are at greater risk than others. At seemingly greatest risk for eating disorders are athletes involved in sports where leanness is emphasized or a thin physique is required for performance or aesthetics. However, it remains unclear if differences exist between aesthetic lean and non<–>aesthetic lean sport athletes. It is possible that seasonal status is associated with the transience of eating disorder symptoms and the motivation to engage …
Child Sexual Abuse, Ptsd, And Substance Use: Predictors Of Revictimization In Adult Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Henrietta Filipas
Child Sexual Abuse, Ptsd, And Substance Use: Predictors Of Revictimization In Adult Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Henrietta Filipas
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
This study examined the unique effects of child sexual abuse simultaneously with post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, problem drinking, and illicit drug use in relation to sexual revictimization in a community sample of female adult sexual assault victims. Participants (N = 555) completed two surveys a year apart. Child sexual abuse predicted more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adult sexual assault victims. Posttraumatic stress disorder numbing symptoms directly predicted revictimization, whereas other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal) were related to problem drinking, which in turn predicted revictimization. Thus, numbing symptoms and problem drinking may be independent risk …
Prospective Effects Of Sexual Victimization On Ptsd And Problem Drinking, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Prospective Effects Of Sexual Victimization On Ptsd And Problem Drinking, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problem drinking are common and often co-occurring sequelae experienced by women survivors of adult sexual assault, yet it remains unclear whether survivors drink to cope with PTSD symptoms or whether PTSD symptoms are exacerbated by drinking. Thus, we used a cross-lagged panel design with a large (N = 555), ethnically diverse sample of women assault survivors to determine whether PTSD prospectively led to problem drinking or vice versa. We also examined whether cumulative sexual victimization experiences related to greater PTSD and problem drinking. Structural equation modeling revealed that child sexual abuse was associated with …
Ptsd Symptoms And Self-Rated Recovery Among Adult Sexual Assault Survivors: The Effects Of Traumatic Life Events And Psychosocial Variables, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Ptsd Symptoms And Self-Rated Recovery Among Adult Sexual Assault Survivors: The Effects Of Traumatic Life Events And Psychosocial Variables, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Prior research has demonstrated that self-blame is predictive of more PTSD symptoms and poorer recovery (Frazier, 2003; Koss, Figueredo, & Prince, 2002), and perceived control over recovery is associated with less distress (Frazier, 2003) in adult sexual assault (ASA) survivors. A structural equation model was tested to examine the role of traumatic events, self-blame, perceived control over recovery, and coping strategies on PTSD symptoms and self-rated recovery in women ASA survivors. Adaptive coping partially mediated the effects of other traumas, self-blame, and perceived control over recovery on PTSD symptoms, and showed a small positive association with increased PTSD symptoms. As …