Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Psychology (4)
- Alcohol (3)
- Alcohol consumption (2)
- Cognition (2)
- Abstinence (1)
-
- Alcohol use (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attention bias (1)
- Attentional Bias (1)
- Avoidance-coping cognitive model (1)
- College (1)
- Compulsive (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Craving (1)
- Dietary restraint (1)
- Disgust (1)
- Distress tolerance (1)
- Eating (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Hierarchical distribution modeling (1)
- Imagery (1)
- Impulsivity (1)
- Information processing (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Motives (1)
- Negative affect (1)
- Obsessive (1)
- Pathology (1)
- Perceptual processing (1)
Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Cognitive Psychology
Negative Urgency's Influence On State-Level, Emotion-Based Changes In Alcohol-Related Cognitions, Noah Wolkowicz
Negative Urgency's Influence On State-Level, Emotion-Based Changes In Alcohol-Related Cognitions, Noah Wolkowicz
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This project expanded on the Acquired Preparedness Model of Risk (APMR) by examining how Negative Urgency (NU), the tendency to act rashly in negative emotional states, affects emotion-based changes in alcohol cognitions to produce risk for alcohol use. The APMR prioritizes the role of outcome expectancies as the means through which traits such as NU, convey alcohol use risk. However, this model treats these cognitions as static and often fails to assess their valence; further, alcohol-cognitions fluctuate in response to negative emotions and may become more salient during these states. Therefore, this study examined: 1) how NU impacts negative emotion-based, …
Distress Tolerance As A Potential Target For Change: The Relationship Between Distress Tolerance, Craving, And Alcohol Consumption In A Lab-Based Experiment, Isabel F. Augur
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Distress tolerance (DT) has recently been studied as a potential catalyst for the development ofalcohol use disorder (AUD). Research exploring the relationship between DT and craving is limited and has primarily focused on nicotine craving. Furthermore, there are no current studies examining the relationship between DT and alcohol consumption. This study was designed to fill this gap in the literature, which may shed light on a potentially important target for alcohol use treatment. Additionally, the role of mindfulness was explored in the context of the relationship between DT and alcohol craving and consumption, with the intention of expanding on the …
Effects Of Alcohol Intoxication On Hostile Attribution Bias And Relational Aggression In Women, Alita M. Mobley
Effects Of Alcohol Intoxication On Hostile Attribution Bias And Relational Aggression In Women, Alita M. Mobley
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol intoxication is consistently linked to physical and sexual aggression in men, but not women. The lack of evidence supporting the relationship between alcohol and aggression for women could be due to a failure to measure relational aggression (i.e., harmful social manipulation), the form of aggression more commonly employed by women. Further, alcohol intoxication may interfere with the interpretation of social cues, resulting in greater perceived provocation in ambiguous social interactions and increased aggression. The current study examined the relationship between alcohol intoxication and relational aggression in women and the extent to which interpretation of social cues (i.e., hostile attribution …
Reward-Related Predictors Of Relapse In Smokers, Elena Molokotos
Reward-Related Predictors Of Relapse In Smokers, Elena Molokotos
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Quitting smoking remains an on-going challenging for many cigarette smokers. Numerous individualized characteristics have been suggested as predictors for successful smoking abstinence. One such factor requiring further investigation is reward responsivity, given that individuals with addiction show behavioral and neurobiological alterations in reward function.This study used previously collected data from 122 daily smokers to investigate whether individuals willing to abstain from smoking in exchange for money would display increased reward responsivity during a baseline, non-abstinent visit, relative to individuals who smoked immediately. Participants Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) performance was used to measure reward responsivity to monetary rewards and a laboratory-based …
Long-Term Focus Of Attentional Biases, Garrett Pollert
Long-Term Focus Of Attentional Biases, Garrett Pollert
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Prior research regarding attentional biases, or patterns of visual attention, have focused on attention over the initial second when exposed to pictoral food stimuli. This manuscript reviews the literature regarding attentional biases in overweight/obese individuals over this timeframe for the two previously defined components of attentional bias (attentional orientation and attentional maintenance). A new component is proposed, called “attentional re-engagement,” defined as the pattern of attentional shifts towards target stimulus types over longer periods of time. Overweight/Obese and Normal-weighted participants were recruited and engaged in an Extended Dot Probe task, wherein attentional orientation, maintenance, and re-engagement were assessed using the …
The Effects Of Alcohol On The Interpretation Of Social And Emotional Cues: A Field Study Of College Student Drinking, Emotion Recognition, And Perceptions Of A Hypothetical Sexual Assault, Alexander James Melkonian
The Effects Of Alcohol On The Interpretation Of Social And Emotional Cues: A Field Study Of College Student Drinking, Emotion Recognition, And Perceptions Of A Hypothetical Sexual Assault, Alexander James Melkonian
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol use and abuse among emerging adults is highly correlated with increased risk for sexual victimization. Alcohol myopia theory has been used to explain impairments in Social information processing resulting in decreased attention to environmental Social cues including risk factors for sexual assault as well as facial emotional recognition. Those with deficits in Social information processing may be at particular risk for the misperception of salient risk factors for sexual assault by victims, perpetrators, and bystanders when intoxicated. In this naturalistic field study, participants who had been consuming alcohol were recruited to engage in tasks of facial emotion recognition and …
A Manipulation Of Cognitive Restriction And Goal-Conflict: Mechanisms Underlying The Disinhibition Effect Of Eating Behavior, Kayla D. Skinner
A Manipulation Of Cognitive Restriction And Goal-Conflict: Mechanisms Underlying The Disinhibition Effect Of Eating Behavior, Kayla D. Skinner
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
People are often faced with a self-control dilemma whenever the attainment of a long-term goal would come at the expense of an alluring temptation. The goal-conflict model of eating (Stroebe, van Koningsbruggen, Papies, & Aarts, 2013) suggests that restrained eaters (i.e., chronic dieters) experience self-regulation failure (e.g., overeating, or disinhibition) due to inner competing goals of eating enjoyment and weight control. The current study examined these concepts in a sample of people classified as unrestrained eaters (N = 123), allowing for an investigation of restricted cognitive focus as a causal mechanism of disinhibited eating. A 2 (restraint condition: restriction, intuitive …
The Effect Of Alcohol On Attention To Social Threat: A Test Of The Avoidance-Coping Cognitive Model, Amy K. Bacon
The Effect Of Alcohol On Attention To Social Threat: A Test Of The Avoidance-Coping Cognitive Model, Amy K. Bacon
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Avoidance-Coping Cognitive model (Bacon & Ham, 2010) proposed that Socially anxious individuals may be particularly vulnerable to the anxiolytic effects of alcohol through reductions in attention biases to Social threat. Elements of this model and were tested in the present study, in which undergraduate volunteers (N = 41, 27% female) completed two dot probe tasks with photographs of angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions. Participants were randomized to either consume a moderate dose of alcohol (target BAC 0.06%) or a non-alcohol control beverage between the two dot probe tasks. Results indicated no evidence of a bias in attention to …
Imagery And Contamination Aversion, Thomas Grover Adams
Imagery And Contamination Aversion, Thomas Grover Adams
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the most common form of OCD. Recent research indicates that the emotion of disgust may play a primary role in the etiology and maintenance in contamination-based OCD (CB-OCD). However, little is known about the effects of disgust on compulsive behaviors related to CB-OCD (e.g.,, hand-washing). The present study utilized an imagery-priming paradigm to test the effects of experienced disgust on compulsive hand-washing. Seventy-eight participants were selected for high or low symptoms of CB-OCD. Following response training, participants were submitted to a disgust or neutral imagery task. Following the imagery task, participants rated their subjective fear …