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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Cognition and Perception
Are All Voices Created Equal?: Conditional Indirect Effects Of Directness Of One's Voice On Perceived Uncertainty And Performance, Dennis Lawrence Poepsel
Are All Voices Created Equal?: Conditional Indirect Effects Of Directness Of One's Voice On Perceived Uncertainty And Performance, Dennis Lawrence Poepsel
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current investigations was to examine the effects of the amount of voice one is given during decision-making on group behaviors. In particular, across two studies, participants were members of groups that needed to make a decision. In these situations, participants were provided varying degrees of voice during a decision-making process. Depending on the study, participants were either given a direct voice (Personal Voice), an indirect voice (Group Voice), a direct voice and an indirect voice (Composite Voice), or were not allowed a voice (No Voice). The results of Study 1 found that having Personal Voice or …
Attention And Criminal Charge, Profile And Description: The Effect On Prospective Person Memory, Lindsey Nicole Sweeney
Attention And Criminal Charge, Profile And Description: The Effect On Prospective Person Memory, Lindsey Nicole Sweeney
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Prospective person memory is the ability to recognize and react to a missing or wanted individual that one has been asked to be on the lookout for in the future. Prospective person memory relies on several processes including face recognition, event-based prospective memory, and attention. Only recently has research on the role of visual attention on prospective person memory been examined. In this dissertation, the gap between prospective person memory and attention is addressed. Although research on prospective person memory is steadily increasing, the research in this area is still in its infancy and the exact memory mechanisms that affect …
Psychophysical Evidence For 3d Shape Detectors, Dawn Vreven
Psychophysical Evidence For 3d Shape Detectors, Dawn Vreven
Dawn L Vreven
The visual system could determine the 3D shape of an object in one of two ways: 1) by comparing local disparity signals or 2) by coding disparity gradients directly with higher-level 3D shape detectors. If 3D shape detectors are used, then for equivalent disparities, observers should have lower stereoacuity thresholds between shapes than within shapes. Two psychophysical tasks support this hypothesis. Stimuli were 3D surfaces whose top and bottom edges lay in the fixation plane and whose centers contained crossed disparity. Surface disparity was signaled by disparate luminance contours at the right and left edges or by disparate random dots …
Contour Completion Through Depth Interferes With Stereoacuity, Dawn Vreven, Suzanne Mcvee, Preeti Verghese
Contour Completion Through Depth Interferes With Stereoacuity, Dawn Vreven, Suzanne Mcvee, Preeti Verghese
Dawn L Vreven
Local disparity signals must interact in visual cortex to represent boundaries and surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) objects. We investigated how disparity signals interact in 3D contours and in 3D surfaces generated from the contours. We compared flat (single disparity) stimuli with curved (multi-disparity) stimuli. We found no consistent differences in sensitivity to contours vs. surfaces; for equivalent amounts of disparity, however, observers were more sensitive to flat stimuli than curved stimuli. Poor depth sensitivity for curved stimuli cannot be explained by the larger range of disparities present in the curved surface, nor by disparity averaging, nor by poor sensitivity to …
Adaptation To Interpolated Disparity, Dawn Vreven
Adaptation To Interpolated Disparity, Dawn Vreven
Dawn L Vreven
Three-dimensional interpolation occurs when observers perceive surfaces that vary smoothly in depth despite sparse or absent image disparity. The neural mechanism(s) responsible for 3D interpolation are unknown. One possibility is that local disparity or depth information is propogated into blank image regions (Mitchinson & McKee, 1985). An alternate possibility is that surface-based 3D shape detectors mediate interpolation (Domini et al., 2001; Wilcox & Duke, 2003). Can a stereoscopic after-effect be obtained from the interpolated region of a 3D surface? Stereoscopic after-effects are explained by fatigue among neural mechanisms tuned to different disparities. The interpolated region of a 3D surface, however, …
Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth
Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth
Dawn L Vreven
Each frame of a Glass pattern consists of a random placement of dots and a spatially shifted copy of this pattern. Thus, each dot has a partner, forming dot-pair dipoles. When shown in succession, motion is perceived along the axis of the spatial shift. The perception of motion in dynamic Glass patterns is believed to be a two-stage process: first, local orientation detectors respond to the orientation signal in the dot-pair dipole; and second, global detectors integrate local orientation signals. We examined the ability to detect rotation in dynamic Glass patterns whose dipoles contained a) the same polarity, b) opposite …
3d Shape Discrimination Using Relative Disparity Derivatives, Dawn Vreven
3d Shape Discrimination Using Relative Disparity Derivatives, Dawn Vreven
Dawn L Vreven
Three-dimensional (3D) shape discrimination could be achieved using relative disparity signals or it could be achieved using a higher-order disparity derivative detector. Two 3D shape discrimination tasks were used to distinguish between these possibilities: a within-shape task and a between-shape task. Disparity thresholds were larger when discriminating within the same shape than when discriminating between shapes. More importantly, within-shape discriminations were dependent on the pedestal disparity (distance from fixation) whereas between-shape discriminations were not. The results suggest that a mechanism sensitive to higher-order disparity derivatives can achieve discrimination between different 3D shapes.
Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese
Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese
Dawn L Vreven
Speed discrimination tasks were used to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the integration mechanism involved when signals are extended in the direction of motion. We varied the aspect ratio of a signal patch whose speed differed from the background, while holding the area of the signal patch constant, so that the signal patch could be either extended in the direction of motion or extended orthogonal to the direction of motion. Speed discrimination thresholds decreased dramatically as the signal patch was extended in the direction of motion. The spatial and temporal integration regions were larger than would be expected …
Configuration Effects In The Stereoprocessing Of 3d Surfaces, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese, Suzanne Mckee
Configuration Effects In The Stereoprocessing Of 3d Surfaces, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese, Suzanne Mckee
Dawn L Vreven
Recently (ARVO 2001) we showed that stereoacuity in 3D surfaces was affected by shape(flat vs. curved) and by the spatial distribution of disparity signals across the stimulus surface (disparate contours vs. random-dot stereograms). For equivalent amounts of disparity, curved uniform-luminance surfaces with disparate contours had much higher thresholds than flat uniform-luminance surfaces or curved random-dot surfaces. One explanation for this result is that spatially continuous disparity signals cause disparity detectors to interact. If an interaction does occur, it should be possible to measure its vertical and horizontal spatial extent. To this end, flat and curved 3D surfaces (2.3o sq.) were …
Systems Factorial Technology With R, Joseph W. Houpt, Leslie M. Blaha, John P. Mcintire, Paul R. Havig, James T. Townsend
Systems Factorial Technology With R, Joseph W. Houpt, Leslie M. Blaha, John P. Mcintire, Paul R. Havig, James T. Townsend
Joseph W. Houpt
Systems Factorial Technology (SFT) comprises a set of powerful nonparametric models and measures, together with a theory-driven experiment methodology termed the Double Factorial Paradigm (DFP), for assessing the cognitive information processing mechanisms supporting the processing of multiple sources of information in a given task. We provide an overview of the model-based measures of SFT together with a tutorial on designing a DFP experiment to take advantage of all SFT measures in a single experiment. Illustrative examples are given to highlight the breadth of applicability of these techniques across psychology. We further introduce and demonstrate a new package for performing SFT …
The Call Of The Wild (And The Caged): The Impact Of A Zoo's Exhibition Styles On The Attitudes Of Its Human Visitors, Erin S. Behn
The Call Of The Wild (And The Caged): The Impact Of A Zoo's Exhibition Styles On The Attitudes Of Its Human Visitors, Erin S. Behn
Senior Independent Study Theses
No abstract provided.
The Interaction Between The Physical Environment And Metaphysical States: The Role Of Social Anxiety And Stress In Informing Spatial Perception, Emily Koelmel
Senior Independent Study Theses
No abstract provided.
The Psychology Of Contract Precautions, David A. Hoffman, Tess Wilkinson-Ryan
The Psychology Of Contract Precautions, David A. Hoffman, Tess Wilkinson-Ryan
All Faculty Scholarship
This research tests the intuition that parties to a contract approach each other differently before the contract is formed than they do once it is finalized. We argue that one of the most important determinants of self-protective behavior is whether the promisee considers herself to be in negotiations or already in an ongoing contract relationship. That shift affects precaution-taking even when it has no practical bearing on the costs and benefits of self-protection: the moment of contracting is a reference point that frames the costs and benefits of taking precautions. We present the results of three questionnaire studies in which …