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Articles 391 - 420 of 573
Full-Text Articles in Clinical Psychology
Change In Rape Myth Acceptance As A Function Of Sexual Assault Experiences: A Prospective Analysis, Danielle Suzanne Citera
Change In Rape Myth Acceptance As A Function Of Sexual Assault Experiences: A Prospective Analysis, Danielle Suzanne Citera
Theses and Dissertations
In the United States, one in five women reports experiencing sexual assault while in college. Rape myths, or stereotypical beliefs that serve to blame survivors (i.e., “She Asked For It” and “She Lied”) and exonerate sexual assault perpetrators (“He Didn’t Mean To”), may influence how women conceptualize their own sexual assault experiences and relatedly, their post-assault functioning. Several demographic characteristics, including race and ethnicity, generational status, education level, sexual orientation, and religiosity, have been found to be associated with rape myth acceptance (RMA). Researchers have reported mixed findings, however, regarding the association between sexual assault history and RMA. This study …
Coping With The Covid-19 Pandemic: Examining Meaning-Making In A Socioecological Framework, Emilia Eva Mikrut
Coping With The Covid-19 Pandemic: Examining Meaning-Making In A Socioecological Framework, Emilia Eva Mikrut
Theses and Dissertations
During 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a threatening, unpredictable, and uncontrollable stressor. Meaning-making, or one’s ability to make sense of a stressful life event, integrate the event into one’s narrative of the world and meaning in life, and accordingly revise life goals, is a salient intrapsychic process contributing to psychological adjustment in the face of very stressful or traumatic experiences such as chronic health issues, interpersonal grief, and natural and man-made disasters. Early findings provide evidence for the critical role of meaning-making in coping with stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though meaning-making is a universal process, one’s capacity …
Association Between Caregiver And Child Symptom Change In Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Tohar Scheininger
Association Between Caregiver And Child Symptom Change In Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Tohar Scheininger
Theses and Dissertations
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is one of the most empirically supported interventions for treating children’s posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and other behavior problems. Caregivers are involved in treatment and improve in their own symptoms during TF-CBT. Research suggests that caregivers’ and children’s outcomes may be interrelated in trauma-focused interventions, and that children’s posttraumatic stress is mediated by decreases in caregivers internalizing symptomatology. There are numerous limitations to existing literature, including the limited direction of the mediations and the consideration of only internalizing symptoms in mediations. This study aimed to prospectively examine how changes in caregivers’ negative affectivity mediate changes in …
Effects Of Gonadal Hormones On Sensory And Cognitive Tasks, John Prentice
Effects Of Gonadal Hormones On Sensory And Cognitive Tasks, John Prentice
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Participants were recruited from the local community, specifically through attendance at professional conferences and LGBTQ+ events in the surrounding area. This sample received a brief battery of cognitive and sensory tasks. Participants also provided a biological sample in the form of saliva collected by the free drool method and completed a short demographic survey regarding their gender identity, medication, and health history. One aim of the presented study and the data collected, is to shed light on the much-neglected area of transgender neurological research.
Comparison Of Professional Impressions Of Hikikomori Across Cultures: A Secondary Data Analysis, Marko Lamela
Comparison Of Professional Impressions Of Hikikomori Across Cultures: A Secondary Data Analysis, Marko Lamela
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the impressions of two hikikomori vignettes by professionals across different countries to determine possible similarities or differences across countries. Originally viewed as a cultural disorder, hikikomori has been observed in different countries. This study used an existing data set of a 2010 study to review diagnostic impressions using the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR coding systems, as well as a free response. Additionally, this study reviewed professional impressions on the best treatment for hikikomori. This study reviewed these responses based on country of origin and cultural type. A correlation was found between ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, country, and cultural …
Change In Blame Attributions As A Mediator Of Symptom Reduction In Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Michelle Cusumano
Change In Blame Attributions As A Mediator Of Symptom Reduction In Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Michelle Cusumano
Theses and Dissertations
Youth exposed to interpersonal violence often develop maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions about the event(s), the world, and themselves. These maladaptive cognitions have robust associations with onset and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and internalizing symptoms (Mitchell et al., 2017). Growing literature suggests changes in cognitions, particularly appraisals about control, vulnerability, and personal change following trauma exposure, serve as a mechanism of change in trauma-specific psychotherapy interventions for youth (Meiser-Stedman et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2007). Little research has examined change in blame attributions as a mediator of treatment outcome, despite their importance in understanding how youth process their trauma …
A Meta-Analysis Of Grief-Focused Interventions For Bereaved Children And Adolescents: Examining The State Of The Literature And Moderators Of Treatment Effect, Emily C. Hockenberry
A Meta-Analysis Of Grief-Focused Interventions For Bereaved Children And Adolescents: Examining The State Of The Literature And Moderators Of Treatment Effect, Emily C. Hockenberry
Theses and Dissertations
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents face a greater need than ever for effective mental healthcare to address distressing and disabling emotional and behavioral reactions that can occur following the death of a significant person in their lives. However, current evaluations of grief-focused interventions for bereaved youth are limited by a lack of consensus regarding how to define and measure grief symptoms in children and adolescents, a lack of clarity regarding grief-specific effects compared with effects on other forms of psychopathology, and limited power to detect moderators of intervention effect. The present meta-analysis evaluated the pooled …
Clinicians’ Attitudes Towards Using Cognitive Restructuring With Individuals At The End-Of-Life, Daniel H. Lydon
Clinicians’ Attitudes Towards Using Cognitive Restructuring With Individuals At The End-Of-Life, Daniel H. Lydon
Theses and Dissertations
This cross-sectional study involving 156 clinicians explores the influence of personal factors on psychotherapy interventions and clinicians’ decisions to engage with individuals at the end-of-life (EOL) in psychotherapy. Extending qualitative research on perceived barriers to applying CBT in cancer care, this quantitative investigation delves into death anxiety, attitudes toward Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and clinician distress tolerance in predicting the use, comfort, and confidence in applying cognitive restructuring (CR) with individuals at the EOL. Clinicians read a vignette of a terminally ill patient who is presenting as distressed and reporting several different irrational beliefs. Clinicians were then asked about their …
Does Dbt-Informed Treatment Address Comorbid Symptoms Of Social Anxiety For Adolescent Eating Disorder Patients In A Day Program? Exploring Emotion Regulation As A Mechanism For Change, Megan Bisanzo
Theses and Dissertations
Eating disorders, such as Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN), often begin in adolescence and can be extremely challenging to treat effectively (Dawson, 2018; Martin & Golden 2014; Robatto et al., 2024). Eating disorder behaviors such as acute caloric restriction, excessive exercise, binging and purging can cause dangerous medical complications, while comorbid psychological conditions can lead to suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2022; Dancyger & Fornari, 2005; Martin & Golden, 2014). Social anxiety is one such comorbid disorder that can be a barrier to patients fully engaging in treatment (Goodwin & Fitzgibbon, 2002; Smith, 2018). Deficits …
When East Meets West: Filial Modes And Family Functioning In Second-Generation Chinese-Americans, Johnny Kay Wong
When East Meets West: Filial Modes And Family Functioning In Second-Generation Chinese-Americans, Johnny Kay Wong
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
Due to the global trend of population aging and the growing issue of elder care, research on filial norms are being conducted around the world (e.g., Lowenstein & Daatland, 2006). The current study is the first to examine filial piety in a sample of second-generation Chinese-Americans and added to the filial piety literature in four ways. First, the study confirmed both the two-factor structure of the Dual Filial Piety Scale (DFPS) with second-generation Chinese-Americans using a confirmatory factor analysis, with four items representing Reciprocal Filial Piety (RFP) and four items representing Authoritarian Filial Piety (AFP). Second, the study confirmed the …
Associations Of Blood Gas And Acid-Base Values With Motor And Language Outcomes In Preterm-Born Preschoolers, Christina Marie Dandar
Associations Of Blood Gas And Acid-Base Values With Motor And Language Outcomes In Preterm-Born Preschoolers, Christina Marie Dandar
Wayne State University Dissertations
Hypoxia and ischemia are of the most common causes of acquired brain injury in preterm infants and often results in damage to the periventricular areas of the preterm brain. Several biochemical indices are commonly associated with hypoxic-ischemic injury, including blood pH, base deficit (BD), oxygen, and carbon dioxide (pCO2). The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of early biochemical indexes of hypoxic-ischemic risk, particularly blood gas measures and acid-base balance measures, to neuropsychological outcome in preterm preschool-age children. I was particularly interested in the link between measures obtained either at birth, immediately after birth, or within the …
Modeling The Burden Of Racial Discrimination And Its Effects On Anger Coping: A Latent Profile Analysis, Brandon Dial
Modeling The Burden Of Racial Discrimination And Its Effects On Anger Coping: A Latent Profile Analysis, Brandon Dial
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: Perceived racial discrimination (PRD) is defined as unfair treatment received because of one’s race. Although prior research has established that PRD is a chronic psycho-social stressor with various subdimensions, there is less research exploring whether unique profiles or clusters of discriminatory experiences exist. Further, although research has identified positive relations between discrimination and anger suppression and expression, it is not known if profiles of discriminatory experiences are differentially linked to patterns of anger expression (i.e., anger suppression, outward anger expression, or anger control). Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify profiles of discriminatory experiences in a sample …
The Impact Of Body Image On Self-Confidence In Elite Dancers, Carissa Bethel
The Impact Of Body Image On Self-Confidence In Elite Dancers, Carissa Bethel
Applied Sport & Performance Psychology | Literature Reviews
In athletics and the performing arts, athletes and performers are expected to maintain a healthy, strong, and athletic physique. Specific professions foster a thin body image amongst athletes, which are expected to be maintained. Pressure to maintain low weight or an athletic body has been considered a risk factor for developing body image dissatisfaction (Nascimento, Luna, Fontenelle, 2012). Previous research has shown that from a health perspective body satisfaction is one of the crucial factors in the prevention of unhealthy, weight related behaviors, especially in female athletes (Kantanista et al., 2018). The research addresses body image concerns in elite performance …
Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory In A Sexual Orientation Minority Context, Zenaida Rivera
Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory In A Sexual Orientation Minority Context, Zenaida Rivera
Wayne State University Dissertations
Sexual orientation and gender minority groups experience trauma at higher rates than their heterosexual peers (Brown & Pantalone, 2011). Additionally, studies of sexual minority individuals have shown that they experience more severe posttraumatic stress relative to heterosexual counterparts (Roberts et al., 2010). To date, efforts to explain these disparities have centered on: (1) trauma theories concerned with characteristics of the individual or their relation to the perpetrator or (2) the broader repercussions of discrimination, stigmatization, and oppression on sexual minorities. Several LGB scholars have argued that more careful and culturally competent research on the relationships between trauma exposure, LGB identity …
Physiological Indices Of Anxiety And Self-Regulation Under Task Demands And Talk Aloud, Zachary Gerber
Physiological Indices Of Anxiety And Self-Regulation Under Task Demands And Talk Aloud, Zachary Gerber
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
Anxiety shows differential reactions to stress across two distinct constructs: anxious apprehension and anxious arousal. Differences are related to bilateral resting state activity differences as measured by ECG and MRI studies, cognitive coping strategies measure via mismatch between anticipated and actual outcomes and across behavioral performance measures. Of note is the lack of extension of these terms to physiological domains other than measures of brain activity. It has been posited that the brain interacts in a top-down regulatory fashion with the autonomic nervous system to coordinate bodily reactions with environmental information to bring about changes in behavior. Given brain and …
Proteomic Profiles Of Cytokines And Chemokines In Moderate To Severe Depression: Implications For Comorbidities And Biomarker Discovery, Kathleen T. Watson, Jennifer Keller, Caleb M. Spiro, Isaac B. Satz, Samantha V. Goncalves, Heather Pankow, Idit Kosti, Benoit Lehallier, Adolfo Sequeira, William E. Bunney, Natalie L. Rasgon, Alan F. Schatzberg
Proteomic Profiles Of Cytokines And Chemokines In Moderate To Severe Depression: Implications For Comorbidities And Biomarker Discovery, Kathleen T. Watson, Jennifer Keller, Caleb M. Spiro, Isaac B. Satz, Samantha V. Goncalves, Heather Pankow, Idit Kosti, Benoit Lehallier, Adolfo Sequeira, William E. Bunney, Natalie L. Rasgon, Alan F. Schatzberg
Psychology Division Scholarship
Objective: This study assessed the proteomic profiles of cytokines and chemokines in individuals with moderate to severe depression, with or without comorbid medical disorders, compared to healthy controls. Two proteomic multiplex platforms were employed for this purpose. Metods: An immunofluorescent multiplex platform and an aptamer-based method were used to evaluate 32 protein analytes from 153 individuals with moderate to severe major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs). The study focused on determining the level of agreement between the two platforms and evaluating the ability of individual analytes and principal components (PCs) to differentiate between the MDD and HC groups. …
The Role Of Medical Cannabis Use In Pain, Sleep, And Mental Health Outcomes Among Older Adults, Madison H. Maynard
The Role Of Medical Cannabis Use In Pain, Sleep, And Mental Health Outcomes Among Older Adults, Madison H. Maynard
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024
Older adults represent the fastest growing demographic of cannabis users, and they endorse cannabis use for a variety of reasons including modulation of chronic pain, mental health symptoms, and sleep concerns. Despite escalating patterns of use, current evidence leaves questions of efficacy unanswered among these groups of users. Goals of the present study were to examine the role of medicinal cannabis within subjects at the daily level on the interrelated symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep, and pain. A final sample of 106 medical cannabis users were recruited nationwide, ranging from 55 to 74 years of age (66.67% female, 82.86% white). …
The Effects Of Sexual Assault On Identity And Interpersonal Relationships Among Male And Female Victims, Ishara Jean-Francois
The Effects Of Sexual Assault On Identity And Interpersonal Relationships Among Male And Female Victims, Ishara Jean-Francois
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024
The current study aimed to examine the effect of sexual assault on identity and interpersonal relationships. Although previous studies have examined the connection between sexual assault and interpersonal relationships following assault, there is a lack of research that examines possible gender differences. Further, the effect of sexual assault on identity has been understudied. Male victims are less likely to report their assault for various reasons. Therefore, it is important to focus on this demographic so their stories and experience do not go untold, and they can get the proper help and resources. College students (N= 505) completed an anonymous online …
A Meta-Analysis Of Cannabis Research: Is There Evidence Of Lasting Neurocognitive Effects?, Mark J. Crisafulli
A Meta-Analysis Of Cannabis Research: Is There Evidence Of Lasting Neurocognitive Effects?, Mark J. Crisafulli
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024
Cannabis use in the United States has generally increased over the past decade as more States have legalized recreational use. In conjunction with changes to the chemical makeup, which has made available cannabis more potent, the long-term effects experienced by cannabis users may have changed, and more individuals may be effected. The current study replicated the methods used in Schreiner & Dunn (2012) and Grant et al. (2003) to conduct a meta-analysis examining the neurocognitive effects of cannabis after abstinence lasting a period of at least 25 days. Previous research has found mixed results, with some studies finding significant differences …
Alcohol Addiction Recovery Experiences Among Christian African Immigrants, Chukwudera Arthur Egesionu
Alcohol Addiction Recovery Experiences Among Christian African Immigrants, Chukwudera Arthur Egesionu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractThe problem of alcohol addiction is heightened when other psychological factors are present, such as the stress of acculturation. The purpose of this research was to describe the experiences of Christian African immigrants in America who have used faith-based treatment approaches while in recovery from alcoholism and to determine how their faith may have been a way of coping with their recovery. In this hermeneutic qualitative phenomenological study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight participants. The data were analyzed to explore the experiences of Christian African acculturating to America who endorse a faith-based approach to their recovery, and …
Age-Related Microaggressions: A Semi-Replication, Stephanie Patt
Age-Related Microaggressions: A Semi-Replication, Stephanie Patt
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
The aim of this study was to expand the literature on age-related microaggressions by replicating a previous study on this topic. Participants (n = 303) were asked for examples of daily interactions where they were treated differently because of their age. Participants described experiences of age-related microaggressions and were prompted through a series of questions via an online survey to determine the topography of the age-related microaggressions, emotional and behavioral reactions to being victimized, which aspects of the interaction were most bothersome, perpetrators and settings of the attacks, and perceived intent. A thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was conducted …
Integrating Higher Order Fear-Based Psychopathology And Rdoc’S Acute Threat Subconstruct, Travis Cole
Integrating Higher Order Fear-Based Psychopathology And Rdoc’S Acute Threat Subconstruct, Travis Cole
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Fear-based psychopathology consistently pushes the categorical boundaries established by current diagnostic systems such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition text revision. While classified by their differing phenotypic symptoms, physiological processes such as fear potentiated startle (FPS) and fear load are common, well-established underlying mechanisms of fear-based psychopathology and represent a prominent target for intervention. The shared mechanisms and symptom overlap among fear-based disorders lend evidence to the examination of symptoms based on a dimensional classification system. One such system, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative, bottom-up approach to mental illness classification that …
Childhood Betrayal Trauma And Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration And Victimization: The Role Of Attachment Insecurity And Affective Instability, Emma Shaughnessy
Childhood Betrayal Trauma And Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration And Victimization: The Role Of Attachment Insecurity And Affective Instability, Emma Shaughnessy
Dissertations and Theses
The present study examined the joint roles of attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and affective instability in the association between childhood betrayal trauma and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization severity. Two major societal concerns are IPV and childhood maltreatment. Childhood betrayal trauma is a particularly damaging trauma perpetrated by someone the child trusts and depends upon (e.g., parents). Childhood betrayal trauma has been associated with an increased risk of later IPV, both victimization (e.g., Babcock & DePrince, 2013) and perpetration (e.g., Linder & Collins, 2005; Zurbriggen et al., 2010). Childhood betrayal trauma also impairs the development of a secure …
Student Knowledge Of Sexual Assault Resources, Kali Forden
Student Knowledge Of Sexual Assault Resources, Kali Forden
Murray State Theses and Dissertations
Despite the changes in policy and the endorsement of mandatory reporting among college students over time, less than half of survivors of sexual assault report the incident to police or university officials (Cantor et al., 2020). Further, while there is little research on the subject, Moore and Baker (2016) found that a student’s residence can influence whether they report a sexual assault. This project sought to extend this research to determine whether a student’s residence and knowledge of available resources effects the likelihood to report a hypothetical sexual assault. Additionally, it sought to determine the relationship between reporting a sexual …
Is The Virtual Therapy Experience A Sufficient Means For Person-Centered Therapy? A Systematic Review, Aaron Feibush
Is The Virtual Therapy Experience A Sufficient Means For Person-Centered Therapy? A Systematic Review, Aaron Feibush
Social Work Theses - Archive
Background: American psychologist Carl Rogers is considered the main originator of person-centered therapy (PCT), a psychotherapeutic approach which focuses on self-actualizing abilities of the client which emerge when engaged in an environment of three core conditions established by the therapist: unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruence. Over the last several decades there have been thousands of studies that demonstrate support for these three core conditions as necessary features of effective therapy. However, with the emergence of psychotherapy being conducted via telehealth in the last several years, in particular since the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic, it remains unknown …
The Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Inhibitory Control Among Emerging Adults, Lindsay Zavislak
The Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Inhibitory Control Among Emerging Adults, Lindsay Zavislak
West Chester University Doctoral Projects
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) include household dysfunction, abuse, and neglect, which can significantly impact mental, emotional, and physical health. 61% of the US population have experienced at least one ACE, and one in five adults have endured at least three or more ACEs before the age of 18 (Felitti et al., 1998, CDC, 2021). ACEs may also impact cognitive processes such as executive functions, attention, problem-solving, and language (Dye, 2018). Inhibition as an executive function supports self-control and impulse control, which can range from blocking an unwanted thought, to stopping oneself from engaging in a risky, potentially dangerous behavior (Diamond, …
Cognitive Functioning In Well-Controlled Asthma, Erin Walsh
Cognitive Functioning In Well-Controlled Asthma, Erin Walsh
West Chester University Doctoral Projects
Asthma is a common lung disease that impacts lung functioning through inflammatory based mechanisms. Past research suggests that decreased blood oxygenation due to asthma attacks may impair cognitive capabilities (Irani et al., 2017). Moreover, the observed differences in cognition between those with and without asthma may be associated with disease severity or asthma control respectively in asthma populations. The current study explored differences in cognitive functioning between college students with and without self-reported asthma. Sociodemographic data, self-reported asthma severity, and measures of asthma control were collected. The current study did not find significant differences in measures of cognitive efficiency between …
Cortisol And Executive Functioning For Young Children Attending Head Start Preschool, Zachary Weaver
Cortisol And Executive Functioning For Young Children Attending Head Start Preschool, Zachary Weaver
West Chester University Doctoral Projects
Poverty circumstances impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal or HPA axis. Early childhood dysfunction in the HPA axis, marked by irregularities in cortisol, poses risk for the development of key executive functioning (EF) abilities. No studies have investigated the relation between cortisol and performance-based measures of EF in settings such as Head Start preschool that aim to promote positive outcomes for children facing economic hardship. This pilot study examined EF and cortisol for 50 children ages 3 to 5 years, who attended a Head Start preschool. This study was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a sample size less than half …
Exploring Perceptions Of Self-Compassion In Individuals With Complex Trauma Symptomology: A Qualitative Approach, Brooke Roseman
Exploring Perceptions Of Self-Compassion In Individuals With Complex Trauma Symptomology: A Qualitative Approach, Brooke Roseman
West Chester University Doctoral Projects
The aim of the present study sought to explore the perceptions of self-compassion through the perspectives of individuals who experience complex trauma symptomology and low rates of self-compassion to inform and enhance trauma treatment. Despite a growing accumulation of studies implicating self-compassion as an integral construct for alleviating symptoms associated with complex trauma, most research designs were quantitative and did not investigate the internal processes occurring within the individual. Based on this gap, the current study expanded the scope of the current literature to include a qualitative thematic analytic approach to better understand the nuances of how this population relates …
The Role Of Reward Probability And Dispositional Mindfulness On Substance Use In Trauma-Exposed Individuals, Sam Wayne
West Chester University Doctoral Projects
Background: In 2020, 93,331 people died from drug overdoses (CDC, 2021), a 32% increase from the year prior and the largest figure recorded in a single year. Understanding the risk and resilience factors are crucial to taking steps towards slowing this trend. Robust research identifies trauma exposure as a risk factor for substance use. Emerging research suggests that dispositional mindfulness and reward probability as risk-resilience factors for substance use. The current study examines two of these potential factors: dispositional mindfulness and reward probability. Method: In a cross-sectional design, residents of a drug rehabilitation program who endorsed opioid use (n …