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2023

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Articles 331 - 360 of 580

Full-Text Articles in Clinical Psychology

The Association Between Covid-19 Exposure, Secondary Adversities, And Trauma Symptoms In Children, Maddi Gervasio Jan 2023

The Association Between Covid-19 Exposure, Secondary Adversities, And Trauma Symptoms In Children, Maddi Gervasio

Theses and Dissertations

Natural disasters include direct exposure and secondary adversities (Chrisman & Dougherty, 2014). For youth, severity of disaster exposure and number of secondary adversities have been found to be positively associated with the severity of trauma-related psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (Giannopoulou et al., 2006). Preliminary studies suggest an interaction between trauma exposure severity and number of secondary adversities in the prediction of psychopathology. Notably, youth who experienced secondary adversities without directly experiencing the trauma exhibited heightened psychopathology (Kar, 2019), yet these children tend to be excluded from studies and missed when identifying children in need of services. …

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Traversing The Jungle: Examining Analogy Use In Psychotherapy, Shari Lieblich Jan 2023

Traversing The Jungle: Examining Analogy Use In Psychotherapy, Shari Lieblich

Theses and Dissertations

Analogies are an important tool for supporting learning across many domains. In the context of psychotherapeutic interventions, analogies are often used in psychoeducation and are anecdotally known to be used by clinicians in sessions with patients. However, limited research has examined the use of analogies in clinical training materials, the frequency of analogy use by clinicians, clinicians’ knowledge of analogies, and the effects of analogy use on the therapeutic process. The aim of Study 1 was to investigate the presence of analogies in clinical literature. Results revealed that analogies are commonly included in treatment manuals and textbooks and that the …

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Emotion Control, Overreactive Parenting, And Mothers’ Executive Functions, Serah Jaya Narine Jan 2023

Emotion Control, Overreactive Parenting, And Mothers’ Executive Functions, Serah Jaya Narine

Theses and Dissertations

Evidence suggests that mothers’ emotion control difficulties are associated with their self-reported and observed overreactive parenting. Specifically, mothers who have difficulties managing their negative emotions and experience more anger, are more likely to discipline harshly. In addition to this emotional process, evidence suggests that poorer cognitive executive function (EF) is also associated with mothers’ use of overreactive discipline. However, the association between EF performance and overreactive parenting is inconsistent. The purpose of this study is to assess how different EFs may moderate the association between emotion control and overreactive parenting. I hypothesized that (1) mothers’ emotion control would be negatively …

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Is The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Adult Belief In Paranormality Moderated By Locus Of Control?, Michelle Alessia Cardone M.S., M.A. Jan 2023

Is The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Adult Belief In Paranormality Moderated By Locus Of Control?, Michelle Alessia Cardone M.S., M.A.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Research has established a relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and belief in paranormal phenomena (Lawrence et al., 1994). In the present study, I sought to replicate this finding in more detail by examining seven dimensions of paranormality. Further, the current study investigated whether locus of control moderated the relationship between ACEs and paranormal belief. I hypothesized that ACEs positively correlated with paranormal belief. Further, I hypothesized that the relationship between ACEs and paranormal belief would be moderated by locus of control, such that, the stronger the internal locus of control, the weaker the relationship between ACEs and paranormal belief. …

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Shared Screens: A Qualitative Study Of Therapist Self-Disclosure Over Telehealth, Nathan Fordsham M.S. Jan 2023

Shared Screens: A Qualitative Study Of Therapist Self-Disclosure Over Telehealth, Nathan Fordsham M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

The following qualitative study explored how psychodynamic clinicians approach and use self-disclosure with patients over telehealth platforms. There is an abundance of research on therapist self-disclosure, with discussion of this topic dating back as early as Freud (1912) and Ferenczi (1933), and since spanning the spectrum of theoretical orientation and practice. There is some literature on psychotherapy over telehealth, with a recent surge in research as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. There is less research on psychodynamic therapy or psychoanalysis over telehealth (Wolson, 2021), and to the author’s knowledge, no research on therapist self-disclosure and telehealth. This study aimed …

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Does Perceived Emotional Invalidation Moderate The Relation Between Occupational Stress And Mental Health Outcomes In Law Enforcement Officers?, Sahar Jaafar M.S.; M.A. Jan 2023

Does Perceived Emotional Invalidation Moderate The Relation Between Occupational Stress And Mental Health Outcomes In Law Enforcement Officers?, Sahar Jaafar M.S.; M.A.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Police officers are exposed to operational stressors while on duty, including child abuse, domestic violence, car crashes, and homicides (Jetelina et al., 2020). Repeated exposure to these stressors is associated with the development of mental illness (Jetelina et al., 2020). Organizational stressors, including lack of support/validation, demand, job pressure, administrative/organizational pressure, and long working hours, may be an even greater source of stress for police officers (Purba & Demou, 2019). Exposure to such organizational stressors can result in psychological distress, burnout, and suicidal ideation (Purba & Demou, 2019). However, there is a dearth of research on invalidation and the role …

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Psychologists' Experiences Providing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) To Children Via Telehealth, Carly Apar M.S. Jan 2023

Psychologists' Experiences Providing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) To Children Via Telehealth, Carly Apar M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Due to COVID-19, psychologists were forced to rapidly transition to telehealth. While about 1% of American Psychological Association (APA) clinicians used telehealth for most clients pre-pandemic, 92% used telehealth post-pandemic onset (APA, 2020). However, research has not yet thoroughly assessed psychologists’ experiences providing child teletherapy. This study fills that gap by exploring psychologists’ experiences providing virtual child cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This study is important for teletherapy’s potential use for children lacking access to care. Eighteen clinical psychologists who provided CBT to children (ages 7-12) were recruited by sending a flyer to the researcher’s graduate program’s alumni and training sites, child …

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Transgender Family Transitions: A Sibling Perspective, Mariessa Robles M.S. Jan 2023

Transgender Family Transitions: A Sibling Perspective, Mariessa Robles M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

As more families are seeking professional help to navigate issues surrounding gender, there is a growing need for clinicians who can assist in the family transition that accompanies an individual’s gender transition process (Coolhart, Ritenour, & Grodzinski, 2018). While family therapy literature is currently expanding to address families with a transgender member, existing psychological thought mostly centers therapeutic focus on the identified transgender individuals and their parents, neglecting the roles and experiences of siblings in this process (Blumer, Green, Knowles, & Williams, 2012). The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of those who had a sibling …

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Intergenerational Transmission Of Parenting: The Childhood Correlates Of Rejection Sensitivity During Pregnancy And Subsequent Effects On Future Parenting, Preeya Desai Jan 2023

Intergenerational Transmission Of Parenting: The Childhood Correlates Of Rejection Sensitivity During Pregnancy And Subsequent Effects On Future Parenting, Preeya Desai

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Adverse early childhood experiences, including trauma and rejecting parenting behaviors, have been shown to affect later functioning, including one’s sensitivity to rejection in interpersonal relationships. The current study aimed to examine the early predictors of rejection sensitivity in a sample of at-risk pregnant women whose thoughts about parenting may be particularly activated. It was hypothesized that less caring remembered parenting would be related to greater rejection sensitivity during pregnancy. In addition, a relationship between history of childhood trauma and rejection sensitivity in pregnancy was predicted in this sample. Participants included 83 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to receive an …

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Schizotypy And Theory Of Mind: The Roles Of Emotion Regulation Difficulties And Negative Affect, Richard Andrew Norman Glisker Jan 2023

Schizotypy And Theory Of Mind: The Roles Of Emotion Regulation Difficulties And Negative Affect, Richard Andrew Norman Glisker

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Theory of mind (ToM) impairment, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, and negative affect have been identified as major deficits in schizotypy. The existing literature on schizotypy and ToM has yielded inconsistent findings, with some studies finding ToM deficits in overall schizotypy, other studies finding ToM deficits in only specific schizotypy dimensions, and other studies finding no ToM deficits in schizotypy at all. The current study proposed to address these discrepant findings by using a measure of overall schizotypy, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised (Updated; SPQ-BRU) and a new measure specific schizotypy dimensions, the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). The current study used …

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Aggression, Avoidance, Shame And Narcissism In Fragile Masculinity, Israel Zev Meth Jan 2023

Aggression, Avoidance, Shame And Narcissism In Fragile Masculinity, Israel Zev Meth

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

The overwhelming representation of males in physically aggressive acts and violent crime suggests that masculinity contributes to the gender discrepancy. Fragile masculinity, a term denoting the cultural mandate and the individual’s perception that manhood is precarious, has been posited as particularly meaningful in understanding the etiology of aggression and relational avoidance in men. Empirical work suggests that there is a link among these constructs (Vandello, 2013), but the literature has not fully explored variables that may inform or impact these connections. Based on psychodynamic theories of narcissism, shame and aggression, this study aimed to empirically test their impact. Mediation and …

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The Avoidance Of Shame: A Function Of Anxiety In Insecure Attachment, Sasha Justine Mann Jan 2023

The Avoidance Of Shame: A Function Of Anxiety In Insecure Attachment, Sasha Justine Mann

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a distressing condition characterized by excessive worry, and treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Research has identified worry as an avoidance mechanism to manage interpersonal and emotional distress. Insecure attachment creates vulnerabilities for GAD, and research has demonstrated that emotion dysregulation plays an explanatory role in the association between insecure attachment and anxiety symptoms. The current study supported the role of emotion dysregulation in GAD for individuals with insecure attachment. Shame, measured explicitly and implicitly, was investigated as an additional mediator in the relationship between insecure attachment and anxiety. A sample of 355 adults completed self-report …

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Experiences Of Self And Other In The Development Of Psychopathy: Examining The Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment Through Attachment, Mentalization, Cognitive Empathy, And Dissociation, Jenna Adele Rose Jan 2023

Experiences Of Self And Other In The Development Of Psychopathy: Examining The Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment Through Attachment, Mentalization, Cognitive Empathy, And Dissociation, Jenna Adele Rose

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Though psychopathy is a construct that garners much attention for its insidious and destructive impact on society, its etiology has been understudied. Conceptualized as being comprised of factor 1 (affective, interpersonal) and factor 2 (behavioral) traits, much existing research focuses on the development of the more easily observable factor 2 traits. Childhood maltreatment and disorganized attachment have been identified as key factors leading to the development of psychopathy. The current study utilized psychodynamic theories to narrow in on additional factors that may influence this relationship, such as mentalization, cognitive empathy, and dissociation, and sought to test them empirically. While all …

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Experiences Of Discrimination And The Role Of Intrapsychic Protective Factors In Black Americans, Jacquelyn Alexis Reed Jan 2023

Experiences Of Discrimination And The Role Of Intrapsychic Protective Factors In Black Americans, Jacquelyn Alexis Reed

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Research has established a relationship between experiences of discrimination in Black Americans and negative outcomes in physical and mental health. Studies in this branch of the literature have largely relied on self-reports or qualitative methods for assessing these relationships. This study took a different approach and utilized an experimental model, presenting video vignettes depicting microaggressions as a stimulus meant to activate the affective reactions that arise when individuals experience microaggressions in the real world. Experiences of microaggressions and perceived racism were used to assess participants’ lifetime experiences of discrimination and compared to their levels of explicit and implicit negative affect …

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Reactions To Evidence Of White Privilege By Clinical Psychologists, Felicia Rebecca Sitrin Jan 2023

Reactions To Evidence Of White Privilege By Clinical Psychologists, Felicia Rebecca Sitrin

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

White cultural norms harm psychotherapy clients of the global majority. Racial microaggressions committed by White clinical psychologists threaten therapeutic alliance and treatment. Engagement with the advantages of being White is necessary for clinical psychologists to provide ethical therapy, but engagement is limited by defensive reactions to White privilege. This study intended to reveal defensive responses that arise in White clinical psychologists when they read about privilege with the goal of increasing awareness for the betterment of the field. The study hypothesized that White privilege exposure would predict increased colorblind racial attitudes (CBRA), increased racial system justification (RSJ), increased White racial …

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The Effects Of Music On Emotion Regulation And Stress In Test Performance, Jorge Eduardo Alvarenga Jan 2023

The Effects Of Music On Emotion Regulation And Stress In Test Performance, Jorge Eduardo Alvarenga

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of music on stress and emotion regulation and whether the emotional valence of the music attended to would result in differences in the resulting stress and emotion dysregulation experienced by individuals. A sample of 181 college students, ages 18-50 were recruited via posted flyers and a digital portal for students to volunteer in studies in exchange for class credit and were then randomly assigned to one of two music conditions (music with positive or negative emotional valence). The sample completed a number of self-report measures related to positive and …

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Contributing Factors To Bulimic Symptoms In A Food-Insecure Population: An Expansion Of The Dual Pathway Model Of Bulimic Pathology, Olivia Rose Seligman Jan 2023

Contributing Factors To Bulimic Symptoms In A Food-Insecure Population: An Expansion Of The Dual Pathway Model Of Bulimic Pathology, Olivia Rose Seligman

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

The present study assessed a proposed model developed to explain the relationship between food insecurity and bulimic symptoms (Hazzard et al., 2020). Within this model, body dissatisfaction and food insecurity severity are parallel independent variables. Dietary restraint and shame mediate the relationships between both independent variables and bulimic symptoms (Hazzard et al., 2020). The present sample included 198 adults who were experiencing food insecurity. The majority of participants identified as women (n = 170) and Latina/o (n = 178). Participants completed self-report measures for all variables. On an exploratory basis, body dissatisfaction was measured implicitly. A path analysis was used …

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No Pain, No Gain? Attachment Anxiety, Sensory Processing Sensitivity, And Empathy In A Therapist Sample, Dara Salem Jan 2023

No Pain, No Gain? Attachment Anxiety, Sensory Processing Sensitivity, And Empathy In A Therapist Sample, Dara Salem

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

This study used the wounded healer phenomenon, which suggests that people who have undergone experiences of suffering may have acquired empathic strengths allowing them to be more effective healers (e.g., Wolgien & Coady, 1997), as a springboard from which to explore issues related to distress and empathy in a therapist sample. It proposed anxious attachment and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), constructs which have been associated with both distress and empathic ability, as operationalizations of the wounded healer phenomenon. Using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET-R; Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), this study explored whether these variables may promote …

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Integrating Dynamic And Cognitive Perspectives On Postpartum Depression In Mothers During The First Year After Birth, Sarah Altee Kalmenson Pinson Jan 2023

Integrating Dynamic And Cognitive Perspectives On Postpartum Depression In Mothers During The First Year After Birth, Sarah Altee Kalmenson Pinson

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is the most common complication of childbirth, impacting the development of children as well as the wellbeing of mothers and families. Several psychological factors have been found to be associated with PPD, including insecure attachment, self-criticism, dependency, and distorted beliefs about motherhood. However, attachment research has yielded conflicting findings regarding which attachment style is most associated with PPD. Additionally, dependency has been found to be either a protective or a risk factor for PPD in the perinatal population. Further, the cognitive research has not examined factors impacting distorted beliefs about motherhood. Finally, self-criticism, dependency, and distorted beliefs …

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Adaptive Functioning And Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptom Severity In Childhood: Parent Perception Vs Clinician Rating, Corin Lillian Osborn Jan 2023

Adaptive Functioning And Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptom Severity In Childhood: Parent Perception Vs Clinician Rating, Corin Lillian Osborn

Theses and Dissertations

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurocognitive developmental disorder that impacts over one percent of the population. As of 2016, one in 64 children were diagnosed with ASD by four years of age, with males receiving the diagnosis 3.5 times more often than females (Shaw et al. 2020). Research also indicates that ASD prevalence varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity (Diguiseppi et al., 2016). These differences may be a result of differential access to resources, a connection between SES and race/ethnicity, measure sensitivity to child sex, cultural differences in sensitivity to symptomatology, or a true difference in ASD presentation. …

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A Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Evaluation Of An Independence Intervention To Treat Child Anxiety, Matthew Fastman M.S. Jan 2023

A Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Evaluation Of An Independence Intervention To Treat Child Anxiety, Matthew Fastman M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Rates of child and adolescent anxiety have increased markedly over the past decade (Haidt & Twenge 2021; Parodi et al., 2021). Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered the gold standard in the treatment of anxious children (Hofmann et al., 2012). However, many clinicians refrain from using exposure due to concerns about its safety, effectiveness, and ethics (Deacon et al., 2013; Whiteside et al., 2016). We propose a novel treatment approach for child and adolescent anxiety that draws on research in child development (e.g. Daddis, 2011) and is considerably simpler to administer than traditional exposure-based approaches. This new approach is composed of …

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The Mental Health Impact Of Intensive Mothering Ideology On Contemporary Mothers, Allison Kresch Levine B.A., B.F.A., M.S. Jan 2023

The Mental Health Impact Of Intensive Mothering Ideology On Contemporary Mothers, Allison Kresch Levine B.A., B.F.A., M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

This research explored how exposure to Intensive Mothering Ideology (IMI) may impact maternal mental health in modern mothers. Susan Hays coined the IMI term in 1996, inspiring a significant body of research around the topic which has shown that mothers generally process intensive mothering discourse contextually with consideration for unique era-specific societal challenges (Constantinou, Varela, & Buckby, 2021; Hays, 1996). To this author’s knowledge, there have been no general examinations of the impact of IMI on maternal mental health since before the outbreak of COVID-19 (though there have been a few pointed examinations of IMI in relation to the pandemic). …

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The Moderating Effects Of Religious/Spiritual Coping On The Depression-Suicidal Thoughts Relationship, Rebecca Aryeh M.S. Jan 2023

The Moderating Effects Of Religious/Spiritual Coping On The Depression-Suicidal Thoughts Relationship, Rebecca Aryeh M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Religious coping refers to the various ways individuals respond to distress, involving cognitive, emotional, and behavioral approaches centered around their religious or spiritual (R/S) beliefs. This coping mechanism can be classified into two main facets: positive religious coping, which involves constructive approaches, and negative religious coping, encompassing struggles in the spiritual realm. During periods of depression, some individuals rely on religious or spiritual coping mechanisms. Currently, there is a lack of research examining the moderating effect of positive and negative religious coping on the relationship between depression and suicidal thoughts, especially within the Jewish community. The primary objective of the …

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Origins Of Fear Of Intimacy: The Effects Of Parental Involvement And Attachment Style, Victoria M. Perez Jan 2023

Origins Of Fear Of Intimacy: The Effects Of Parental Involvement And Attachment Style, Victoria M. Perez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The present study explores the origins of fear of intimacy, specifically assessing parental involvement and attachment style. Correlations between each variable were analyzed and a mediation model was explored as well. Participants in this study (N = 372; mean age = 25.78; 86% female) completed scales to measure parental care, parental overprotection, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of intimacy. Data was analyzed to reveal correlational results that support the hypotheses. Negative correlations were found between parental care and attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of intimacy. Parental overprotection was positively correlated with attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of …

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Examining The Experience Of Teen-To-Teen Crisis Line Work For Adolescent Volunteers: A Pilot Study, Taylor Kalgren Bs, Catherine R. Glenn Phd, Raksha Kandlur Ms, Kelsie Allison Ms, Annie Duan Bs, Cheryl Karp, Morgan Leets, Sandipan Dutta Phd, Madelyn Gould Phd, Mph Jan 2023

Examining The Experience Of Teen-To-Teen Crisis Line Work For Adolescent Volunteers: A Pilot Study, Taylor Kalgren Bs, Catherine R. Glenn Phd, Raksha Kandlur Ms, Kelsie Allison Ms, Annie Duan Bs, Cheryl Karp, Morgan Leets, Sandipan Dutta Phd, Madelyn Gould Phd, Mph

College of Sciences Posters

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are high and increasing among youth. Crisis lines are one of the oldest downstream approaches for suicide prevention, which have demonstrated effectiveness for adults and preliminary effectiveness for youth. Teen-to-teen (t2t) crisis lines are a unique resource where adolescent volunteers help their similarly aged peers (through texts, chats, calls, and emails). However, no research to date has examined the impacts of t2t crisis line volunteering on the youth. The goal of this pilot study is to begin to evaluate the experience of t2t crisis lines for the youth volunteers. Adolescent (n=20, ages 15-20) volunteers were recruited …

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A Mediation Model Linking Attachment To God, Hope, And Mental Health, Shira Wein M.S. Jan 2023

A Mediation Model Linking Attachment To God, Hope, And Mental Health, Shira Wein M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Insecure attachment style to primary caregivers has consistently been linked with greater vulnerability to adverse mental health outcomes (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). Insecure attachment style to God is also associated with deleterious mental health outcomes (Bishop, 2008; Knabb & Pelletier, 2014; Rowatt & Kirkpatrick, 2002; Freeze & DiTommaso, 2014; Wei et al., 2012), but little is known about the mechanism that underlies this relationship. This study examines hope as a psychological strength that mediates the associations between attachment to God and depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. The study was conducted through an anonymous online survey, surveying individuals above the age …

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Differences In Relationship And Sexual Satisfaction And Social Support Between Only Lesbian, Mostly Lesbian, And Bisexual Women, Meredith I. Turner, Cassidy M. Sandoval, Charlotte A. Dawson, Kristin E. Heron Jan 2023

Differences In Relationship And Sexual Satisfaction And Social Support Between Only Lesbian, Mostly Lesbian, And Bisexual Women, Meredith I. Turner, Cassidy M. Sandoval, Charlotte A. Dawson, Kristin E. Heron

College of Sciences Posters

Research suggests relationship and sexual satisfaction and social support are correlated with components of well-being such as anxiety, depression, and physical health. Differences in relationship and sexual satisfaction and social support have been identified between sexual minority women (SMW; i.e., lesbian and bisexual) and heterosexual women. However, classifying SMW into a single group may mask important differences. Further research is needed to better understand the differences in relationship and sexual satisfaction and social support between subgroups of SMW. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine differences in these constructs between women who identify as only lesbian, mostly …

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The Relationship Of Developmental Stages In Adults In Psychotherapy To Different Types Of Mental Health Symptoms, Shannon E. Gasparro Jan 2023

The Relationship Of Developmental Stages In Adults In Psychotherapy To Different Types Of Mental Health Symptoms, Shannon E. Gasparro

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, we examine the pattern of mental health symptoms across adult development using data from a community-based clinic in Queens, NY. Age was represented by three qualitative stages, “early adulthood,” “middle adulthood,” and “late adulthood.” Early adulthood has been characterized as a period of heightened emotional instability, with less clear long-term commitments to romantic relationships, career paths, work, and living arrangements. Middle adulthood has been characterized as a more emotionally stable period in terms of relations with friends and family and social roles. Finally, late adults, although also viewed as more emotionally regulated, may again experience greater interpersonal …

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Associations Between Empathy-Related Processes And Prosocial Behaviors In Toddlerhood, Jordan Holmén Jan 2023

Associations Between Empathy-Related Processes And Prosocial Behaviors In Toddlerhood, Jordan Holmén

Theses and Dissertations

Different prosocial behaviors, such as sharing, helping, and comforting emerge during the second year of life. Empathy-related processes play a key role in the development of such early behaviors. Children can demonstrate empathy via personal distress or other-oriented empathy. Whereas personal distress is considered an aversive reaction, associated with emotion dysregulation and desire to reduce one own’s discomfort, other-oriented empathy involves a concern for others—a feeling that should motivate one to alleviate another person’s distress. There is a dearth of studies examining how these two theoretically distinct empathy-related processes relate to various prosocial behaviors in early development. Thus, in this …

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Between Kedusha And The Sitra Achra: Factors That Contribute To Individuals Leaving Ultra-Orthodoxy, Batya Weinstein Jan 2023

Between Kedusha And The Sitra Achra: Factors That Contribute To Individuals Leaving Ultra-Orthodoxy, Batya Weinstein

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

The purpose of this study is to understand the most frequently cited factors contributing to individuals leaving ultra-Orthodoxy, as well as the psycho-social implications of doing so. Indeed, there is a dearth of quantitative research on the factors and implications of leaving. Previous research has shown that contributing factors include intellectual contradictions, gender inequality, lack of acceptance of differences, and experiencing physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. The psychosocial implications of leaving include social and educational barriers to integration into secular life and increased depression and loneliness. The current study employed a quantitative, descriptive design to examine the hypothesis that emotional …

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