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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Biological Psychology
Temperament And Character Correlates Of The Startle Reflex, Kristen Lee Godenick
Temperament And Character Correlates Of The Startle Reflex, Kristen Lee Godenick
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Some literature suggests that individual temperament traits can modulate the startle reflex. There is evidence supporting Cloninger’s concept of Harm Avoidance as being predictive of individual differences in reactivity to aversive stimuli. (Corr, 1997). Since this finding, a new version Cloninger’s measure includes character subscales that like temperament, have been proposed to modify the meaning of experiences, changing emotional reactions. High scorers on the character variables are less susceptible to excessive anxiety and tend to have neurochemical profiles that are not consistent with anxiety disorders (Gillespie, 2003; Tse & Bond, 2001; Peirson et al., 1999). It was thus hypothesized that …
A Biopsychosocial Perspective Of Gulf War Illness: A Structural Model, Katherine N. Nguyen
A Biopsychosocial Perspective Of Gulf War Illness: A Structural Model, Katherine N. Nguyen
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Veterans deployed during the Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991 report significantly more nonspecific symptoms and poorer health than their nondeployed peers. This amalgamation of chronic, multisymptom health complaints is commonly referred to as Gulf War Illness. There are two major theoretical models within the medical/health field that may help explain these symptoms: 1) the traditional biomedical model, and 2) the more recently evolved (late 1970’s) biopsychosocial model. Theorists have proposed two major causal pathways in studying the etiology of health complaints of Gulf War veterans, the physical pathway and the psychosocial pathway. In the present study, the biopsychosocial model was …
Pnes: Neuropsychological Impairments & Psychological Symptomatology, Adriana Macias
Pnes: Neuropsychological Impairments & Psychological Symptomatology, Adriana Macias
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The present study utilized a standardized neuropsychological evaluation and self report measures to compare 52 female patients, 18 years of age and older with a video-electroencephalogram (V-EEG) confirmed diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) (n1=29) to a group of left temporal lobe epilepsy (L-TLE) demographically matched patients (n2=23). In an attempt to overcome methodological confounds of previously reported studies, participants were chosen based on stringent exclusion criteria, which barred mixed etiologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible differences in neuropsychological functioning, mood, and personality characteristics between individuals with PNES and those with L-TLE. …
The Biological Etiology Of Mental Health Disorders: Social Influences And Change Potential Of Practitioners’ Beliefs, Donna Marie Midkiff
The Biological Etiology Of Mental Health Disorders: Social Influences And Change Potential Of Practitioners’ Beliefs, Donna Marie Midkiff
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
This study was designed to examine mental health professionals’ strength of belief in biological causation of several syndromes including ADHD, unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia and whether a three-hour educational program will alter their thinking. Findings suggest that pre-training, mental health professionals’ reported strength of belief regarding the etiology of many mental health disorders tends toward the biologically based. Also, this study demonstrated that attendance at a three hour training program is able to reduce the expressed acceptance of biological causation of such disorders. The social influences of pharmaceutical direct to consumer advertising and medical guild dominance, as well …
The Effects Of (Rs)-Mcpg On Amphetamine-Induced Sensitization In Neonatal Rats, Fiona Yeuk-Lun Choi
The Effects Of (Rs)-Mcpg On Amphetamine-Induced Sensitization In Neonatal Rats, Fiona Yeuk-Lun Choi
Theses Digitization Project
The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) in the ontogeny of amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Eleven-day-old rat pups were given five daily bilateral infusions of the mGluR antagonist, (RS)-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) followed by a systemic injection of amphetamine and locomotor activity was measured. It was hypothesized that rats receving amphetamine pretreatment and an amphetamine challenge would exhibit a significant increase in activity, indicating short-term behavioral sensitization. As predicted, repeated amphetamine administration during the pretreatment phase produced progressively enhanced locomotor activity, indicating the development of behavioral sensitization. The effect of MCPG on locomotor activity appears …
Biconditional Discrimination Learning In Rats With 192 Igg-Saporin Lesions Of The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis, Michael Ryan Kitto
Biconditional Discrimination Learning In Rats With 192 Igg-Saporin Lesions Of The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis, Michael Ryan Kitto
Theses Digitization Project
The experiment tested the hypothesis that 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats would impair performance in a biconditional visual discrimination task, which requires configural association learning. Experiment used 22 male Long-Evan rats (Harlan Sprague-Dawley). Behavioral testing was conducted in two identical T-mazes. Rats were randomly assigned to either a bilateral 192 IgG-saporin lesion group (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 12). Results support the hypothesis that NBM is critically involved in configural but not simple association learning and suggest that NBM may be involved more generally in cognitive flexibility.
Top-Down Modulation By Medial Prefrontal Cortex Of Basal Forebrain Activation Of Auditory Cortex During Learning, Candice Monique Chavez
Top-Down Modulation By Medial Prefrontal Cortex Of Basal Forebrain Activation Of Auditory Cortex During Learning, Candice Monique Chavez
Theses Digitization Project
The experiment tested the hypothesis that the acetylcholine (ACh) release in the rat auditory cortex is greater in rats undergoing auditory classical conditioning compared to rats in a truly random control paradigm where no associative learning takes place and that this is mediated by prefrontal afferent projections influencing the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM), which in turn modulates ACh release in neocortex. Rats with bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of medial prefrontal and agranular insular cortices were tested in an auditory classical conditioning task while ACh was collected from the primary auditory cortex. It was hypothesized that lesions of these prefrontal areas …
Effects Of Excitotoxic And Immunotoxic Lesions Of The Posterior Parietal Cortex On Attention, William M. Howe
Effects Of Excitotoxic And Immunotoxic Lesions Of The Posterior Parietal Cortex On Attention, William M. Howe
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Syntactic Processing In Individuals With Dyslexia: Using Erp To Address The Debate, Hilary Brown
Syntactic Processing In Individuals With Dyslexia: Using Erp To Address The Debate, Hilary Brown
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Behavioural and ERP data were collected from university and college students with and without dyslexia to determine if a deficit in syntactic processing in post-secondary students with dyslexia can be explained by the degree of phonological processing deficits. Participants read and listened to sentences of differing syntactic complexity and working memory load, particularly object relative and subject relative sentences. Slow cortical waves showed greater negativity for the objective relative sentences as the sentence progressed for the control participants regardless of presentation format. The same result was seen for the participants with dyslexia when presented with sentences in an auditory format. …
Planning For The Close And Distant Future: The Impact Of Temporal Distance On Task Completion Prediction, Johanna Peetz
Planning For The Close And Distant Future: The Impact Of Temporal Distance On Task Completion Prediction, Johanna Peetz
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Accurate project completion estimates are part of successful project completion. Thus, it is important to identify factors that reduce the tendency to make overly optimistic project completion predictions (Buehler et al., 2002). This research investigated the effect of temporal distance on project completion predictions. A review of past research provided evidence that could lead to a prediction of either increased or decreased optimism with increasing temporal distance. In a first study, participants predicted the completion date of a hypothetical school assignment that would begin either tomorrow (close future) and next term (distant future). Participants predicted to complete the project earlier …