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Applied Behavior Analysis Commons™

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2021

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Articles 151 - 163 of 163

Full-Text Articles in Applied Behavior Analysis

The Facets Of Meaningful Experiences: An Examination Of Purpose And Coherence In Meaningful And Meaningless Events, William Tov, Weiting Ng, Soon-Hock Kang Jan 2021

The Facets Of Meaningful Experiences: An Examination Of Purpose And Coherence In Meaningful And Meaningless Events, William Tov, Weiting Ng, Soon-Hock Kang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Research on meaning has begun to assess the specific facets of meaning in life. Few studies have examined the extent to which these facets distinguish meaning at the level of individual events. In the present study, participants from Singapore and the U.S. wrote about meaningful and meaningless events and rated the extent to which they experienced purpose, coherence, positive and negative implications for self and others, positive affect, and negative affect. In both samples, meaningful and meaningless events differed most in their levels of positive affect, purpose, and positive implications for the self. When entered as predictors of overall event …


Loneliness, Sense Of Control, And Risk Of Dementia In Healthy Older Adults: A Moderated Mediation Analysis, Hwajin Yang, Germaine Tng, Wee Qin Ng, Sujin Yang Jan 2021

Loneliness, Sense Of Control, And Risk Of Dementia In Healthy Older Adults: A Moderated Mediation Analysis, Hwajin Yang, Germaine Tng, Wee Qin Ng, Sujin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Objectives: Despite the rising prevalence of dementia, little research has been conducted to identify modifiable psychological factors that alleviate the risk of dementia in older adults and the underlying mechanisms. Given that loneliness is, in part, concomitant with a weakened sense of control, we examined whether sense of control would mediate the relation between loneliness and dementia risk. Further, considering that working -memory capacity is a critical cognitive resource that serves as a buffer against age-related cognitive decline, we examined a second-order moderated mediational model whereby working-memory capacity moderates the relation between control beliefs and dementia risk in older adults. …


The Influence Of Defendants' Nonverbal Behaviors On Juror Liking, Sympathy, And Sentencing, Joseph Thomas Jan 2021

The Influence Of Defendants' Nonverbal Behaviors On Juror Liking, Sympathy, And Sentencing, Joseph Thomas

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Jurors are highly susceptible to influence, especially in the form of emotional manipulation. Totest this, the present study applies Burgoon’s (1993) expectancy violation theory to affective defendant behaviors (i.e., remorse, immediacy). In an attempt to manipulate the perceived rewardingness of the defendant, these behaviors are coupled with a description of either a major or minor crime. The results indicate that remorse behaviors evoke sympathy, thereby leading to a more lenient sentencing recommendation by mock jurors. Though the likeability of the defendant also impacted juror sentencing recommendations, immediacy behaviors failed to produce such an effect. Implications of these results are discussed.


A Survey On The Status Of Acceptance And Commitment Training In Rural Northern California, Jacqueline A. Morris Jan 2021

A Survey On The Status Of Acceptance And Commitment Training In Rural Northern California, Jacqueline A. Morris

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The interest in acceptance and commitment training (ACT) from within the applied behavior analysis (ABA) community has increased as evidenced by recently published literature addressing the need to examine the acceptability and utilization of ACT within ABA. However, there is limited literature on the perspectives of those working in the field of ABA on the use of ACT. In the present study a survey was conducted of ABA practitioners working in rural northern California to evaluate their level of interest in ACT, their perceptions of ACT being within the scope of practice of ABA, and any perceived challenges in developing …


A Comparison Of Traditional Aggregated Data To A Comprehensive Second-By-Second Data Depiction In Functional Analysis Graphs, Erin Mackelvie Jan 2021

A Comparison Of Traditional Aggregated Data To A Comprehensive Second-By-Second Data Depiction In Functional Analysis Graphs, Erin Mackelvie

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Functional analyses (FAs) are an important component of treatment and the data gathered from FAs are often graphed in an aggregate or summary format, such as mean rate per session. Given the prevalence of undifferentiated analyses, it may be that this common method of data depiction is incomplete. In this paper, we compare the traditional aggregate method to a comprehensive second-by-second demonstration of the data including all appropriate and inappropriate responses emitted, as well as programmed and accidental antecedent and consequent variables, which may help further clarify the results of a functional analysis. We compared the functional analysis results of …


The Feasibility Of Assessing Infants’ Social Evaluations Using Within-Subject Repeated Measures In A Virtual Format, Samantha Crooks Jan 2021

The Feasibility Of Assessing Infants’ Social Evaluations Using Within-Subject Repeated Measures In A Virtual Format, Samantha Crooks

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Foundational research on infant social evaluations (e.g., Hamlin et al., 2007; Hamlin et al., 2011; Hamlin & Wynn, 2011) has been cited over 2,500 times and infant researchers suggest these data show infants have an unlearned preference for prosocial others. However, several failed replications have been published, which might be attributable to the type of research methods used to investigate this question. A single measure of the dependent variable is ubiquitous among these studies; within-subject repeated measures are rarely used. In the current study, we adapted methods used by Hamlin and Wynn (2011) to a video-only format, due to COVID-19 …


The Effects Of Escalated Cocaine Intake On Decision-Making Dynamics, Mcallister Stephens Jan 2021

The Effects Of Escalated Cocaine Intake On Decision-Making Dynamics, Mcallister Stephens

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) is characterized partly by the use of cocaine at the expense of other alternatives, in other words, it is a decision-making pathology (Kalivas & Volkow, 2005). Concurrent choice tasks assess decision-making in a dynamic scenario that more closely resembles real life. Value-based decision-making is an important facet of understanding the addictive properties of drugs of abuse. In order to compare two value-based theories of addiction (habit theory and relative value theory), a concurrent choice task was run in tandem with an escalation procedure. First, animals were trained on a choice task until stable, then trained on …


The Effects Of Discrimination Training Using Multiple Modes Of Presentation To Teach Identification Of Bullying To Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alyssa M. Sedghikhoi-Milani Jan 2021

The Effects Of Discrimination Training Using Multiple Modes Of Presentation To Teach Identification Of Bullying To Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alyssa M. Sedghikhoi-Milani

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Behavioral Skills Training (BST) on the identification of bullying with six participants using a mixed method experimental design. During baseline, participants were given comic strip vignettes depicting examples and non-examples of verbal, relational, and physical bullying. After each vignette was presented, participants were asked “what happened?” If there was no mention of bullying in any form in their response, they were asked a follow-up question of “Was there bullying?” During intervention participants were exposed to a group and video instruction phase explaining the different types of bullying, a …


Response Interruption And Redirection (Rird) As A Treatment For Vocal Stereotypy In Children Who Are Dually Diagnosed With Autism And Down Syndrome, Stacy Taylor Jan 2021

Response Interruption And Redirection (Rird) As A Treatment For Vocal Stereotypy In Children Who Are Dually Diagnosed With Autism And Down Syndrome, Stacy Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

Individuals who are dually diagnosed with Down Syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) frequently engage in vocal stereotypy that can interfere with learning, impede socially appropriate behavior, and disrupt others. Response interruption and redirection (RIRD) is an intervention that blocks and redirects stereotypy to reduce behavior. Studies on RIRD, while varied in their overall approach, have overwhelmingly been shown to be effective in clinical settings for children with ASD. There are few studies that have evaluated this procedure in more natural settings and with other diagnoses. Given that ASD is prevalent in those with DS and that stereotypy is …


Online Training To Improve Job Coaches’ Support Of Minimally Verbal And Nonverbal Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Erin Brooker Lozott Jan 2021

Online Training To Improve Job Coaches’ Support Of Minimally Verbal And Nonverbal Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Erin Brooker Lozott

Theses and Dissertations

Although a sizeable percentage of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are minimally verbal or nonverbal, there is limited research on how to best support these individuals in employment settings. Job coaches working with this population should receive specialized training in evidence-based practices (EBP) for ASD to ensure optimal outcomes. This study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of an online training program for job coaches focused on a behavior skills training approach supporting the use of augmentative and alternative communication. Twenty-two job coaches completed the study. Pre- and posttraining measures were used to evaluate knowledge, self-efficacy, and belief systems …


Understanding Predictors Of Telemedicine Adoption Before, During, And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Bradford S. Pierce Jan 2021

Understanding Predictors Of Telemedicine Adoption Before, During, And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Bradford S. Pierce

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined change in physicians’ use of telemedicine before, during, and expectations after the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examined the ability of personal and environmental variables to predict telemedicine adoption, and applied the theory of reasoned action and technology acceptance model to physicians’ adoption of telemedicine during the pandemic. A total of 230 licensed physicians currently practicing in the United States were recruited. Telemedicine accounted for 3.72% of physicians’ clinical work prior to the pandemic, 46.03% during the pandemic, and predicted 25.44% after the pandemic ends. Physicians within hospitals reported less telemedicine use during the pandemic (M = …


Experiencing Race In The Workplace: Understanding How African American Male Leaders Make Sense Of Their Race At Work, Stefanie L. Watson Jan 2021

Experiencing Race In The Workplace: Understanding How African American Male Leaders Make Sense Of Their Race At Work, Stefanie L. Watson

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Weber (2001) defines race as “the grouping of people with certain ancestry and biological traits into categories for differential treatment” (p. 74). Yet, according to the American Anthropological Association (1998) and countless doctors, scientists, geneticists, and scholars, in theory, the term “race” does not scientifically correspond to biological and physiological distinctions and has no empirical basis. Despite the lack of biological basis, racial categories are powerful frameworks for defining self-concepts and structuring opportunities within American society. Within the framework of a racially stratified, White dominated society, individuals who self-identify as White (or are perceived by Whites to be White) receive …


Influencing Capitalist Attitudes To Drive More Capital Towards Social Good, Leah Michelle Burton Jan 2021

Influencing Capitalist Attitudes To Drive More Capital Towards Social Good, Leah Michelle Burton

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The purpose of this study is to better understand how to influence capitalist attitudes and drive more capital towards social good. This is why we must explore the prospect of emancipating the capitalists from capitalism. This study identifies capitalism as a form of oppression that is contributing to a newly developed ethics of capital, a term introduced in this study. Emancipatory action research and general systems theory were employed as the primary approaches to engaging a group of venture capitalists and finance professionals in activities and dialogues. Value2 is the theory of action I use to influence the attitudes of …