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Articles 121 - 150 of 156
Full-Text Articles in Applied Behavior Analysis
Comparison Of Discrete Trial Teaching And The Verbal Behavior Approach In Early Learners With Autism In A School Setting, Irene Chan
Theses and Dissertations
There are many different interventions available to individuals with autism, and the benefits of each therapy may vary for each student. Two vastly different treatments are discrete trial teaching (DTT) and the verbal behavior approach (VBA). While both are based in the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA), VBA relies more on naturalistic teaching opportunities to teach language in context than DTT, which is conducted in structured instructional sessions. The literature supporting DTT is extensive, with many randomized control trial studies to corroborate its effectiveness. Meanwhile, VBA lacks empirical support as a package; though many studies demonstrate the success of …
Increasing Employee-Guest Interactions Using A Guest-Delivered Token Economy At A Zoological Facility, Cassie Maureen Vergason
Increasing Employee-Guest Interactions Using A Guest-Delivered Token Economy At A Zoological Facility, Cassie Maureen Vergason
Theses and Dissertations
Token economies have been used for many years to improve a multitude of behaviors in a variety of settings. However, research on token economies as an intervention to improve customer service-related behaviors of employees in organizations is limited. The current study assessed this issue by evaluating a guest-delivered token economy to improve employee-guest interactions at a zoological facility. Results showed increases of 35.3% and 45.0% in correct employee-guest interactions in each intervention phase compared to baseline, thus suggesting that a guest-delivered token economy is an effective way to improve customer service (guest interactions)-related behaviors. Limitations of the current study and …
Using The Operant Model Of Effective Supervision To Predict Employee Engagement For Leaders In A Hospital System, David Patrick Kelley Iii
Using The Operant Model Of Effective Supervision To Predict Employee Engagement For Leaders In A Hospital System, David Patrick Kelley Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Leadership has been a popular topic of conversation for decades. Despite an abundant amount of attention the topic has received, the literature seems to fall short when describing what effective leaders do in a day to day context. A theory introduced by Komaki (1986), called the Operant Model of Effective Supervision (OMES), was designed to answer the tough questions about leadership that have been left unanswered. Research on the theory has resulted in multiple methods to accurately measure leadership behavior within an operant paradigm. One of these methods is an in-basket assessment that has been shown to reliably capture day …
Training Personal Information To Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diana C. Carlos
Training Personal Information To Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diana C. Carlos
Theses and Dissertations
For many children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, learning emergency information such as their parents’ names, contact information, or important health information may be useful in case of elopement, getting lost, or abduction. In the present study, I evaluated the use of video self-modeling (VSM) to facilitate acquisition of personal information in comparison to echoic prompts using a parallel treatments design with children with ASD. Components of the intervention included: a test, followed by the prompt (e.g., echoic or VSM) for no response given or for an incorrect response. The use of VSM involves the learner viewing a video of …
Evaluation Of A Tool To Identify The Variables Responsible For Poor Parent Treatment Implementation: The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Parent, Jamie Villacorta
Evaluation Of A Tool To Identify The Variables Responsible For Poor Parent Treatment Implementation: The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Parent, Jamie Villacorta
Theses and Dissertations
In applied behavior analysis, parents are often taught to implement treatment programs in order to decrease their child’s problem behaviors and increase appropriate behaviors. Unfortunately, many parents have trouble implementing these programs correctly. It has been suggested that higher treatment integrity for a specified treatment program may be associated with higher levels of its success. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of an assessment tool (i.e., the Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Parent, or PDC-P) to develop a treatment specifically targeted to address the variables responsible for poor program implementation by parents. First, the PDC-P was administered to …
A Comparison Between Online And In-Vivo Parent Training On Parental Acquisition Of Skills To Promote Appropriate Behaviors In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Abigail L. Blackman
A Comparison Between Online And In-Vivo Parent Training On Parental Acquisition Of Skills To Promote Appropriate Behaviors In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Abigail L. Blackman
Theses and Dissertations
Individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often receive Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) to acquire skills to live as independently as possible. However, skills learned through EIBI often do not generalize well without the help of the child’s parents (or other caregivers). Therefore, parent training is integral for individuals with ASD to generalize and maintain acquired skills. Research supports Applied Behavior Analysis as being effective in teaching parents to work with their children. Currently, the most common way to provide parent training is through in-vivo training, which can be costly and time consuming. Therefore, the purpose of the current …
Assessing The Combined Effects Of Resurgence And Renewal, Madeleine Keevy
Assessing The Combined Effects Of Resurgence And Renewal, Madeleine Keevy
Theses and Dissertations
Resurgence and renewal are laboratory models of treatment relapse revealing the effects of treatment integrity errors and context change on problem behavior eliminated through treatment with differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). This study used translational methods to assess the effects of context change after DRA (renewal) with and without extinction in the form of treatment integrity errors (resurgence) on relapse in children with autism. In Phase 1 and in Context A, we trained an arbitrary target response. In Phase 2 and in Context B, we extinguished the target response and reinforced an alternative response. Phase 3 tested for relapse …
Using Discrimination Training To Establish Conditioned Reinforcers: A Replication And Test Of Maintenance, Chelsea Iris Moore
Using Discrimination Training To Establish Conditioned Reinforcers: A Replication And Test Of Maintenance, Chelsea Iris Moore
Theses and Dissertations
A stimulus becomes a conditioned reinforcer when it acquires reinforcing properties by virtue of being paired with a primary reinforcer. Researchers have evaluated different methods to condition reinforcers for children diagnosed with autism because this population often does not respond to social reinforcers in the way their typically developing peers do. One method of establishing a conditioned reinforcer is the conditioned reinforcement of a discriminative stimulus (SD) procedure. The discrimination training procedure involves a neutral stimulus being established as an SD by reinforcing a specific response in its presence. Then, the established SD is tested as a conditioned reinforcer by …
The Effect Of Safety Coaching On The Accuracy Of Safety Observations And Feedback, Nicholas Matey
The Effect Of Safety Coaching On The Accuracy Of Safety Observations And Feedback, Nicholas Matey
Theses and Dissertations
Behavior-based safety (BBS) is an effective approach to decreasing workplace incidents and injuries. BBS typically consists of a peer observation and data collection process, and a feedback process. Accurate observations are required to provide accurate feedback, and accurate feedback is essential for acquisition and performance improvement. This study alternated observation only and required feedback phases during peer observations to examine whether requiring observers to provide immediate feedback following an observation affects the accuracy of the observation itself. Four participants were included in the study and the conditions were evaluated using a counterbalanced ABAB design. Results suggested that requiring observers to …
Feedback And Effort: A Translational Study, Andressa Arana Sleiman
Feedback And Effort: A Translational Study, Andressa Arana Sleiman
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate an arrangement to establish feedback as more preferred when delivered after higher effort responding rather than lower effort responding. The study took place in the laboratory settings to simulate a working environment. Participants had to complete a mock medical data entry task, and after either one or 20 responses they received feedback. Participants in this study were 16 undergraduate students. The main dependent variable was the percentage of preference change in paired stimulus preference assessments for two categories of stimuli; shapes that signaled which condition they were in and managers that …
The Effects Of Feedback Accuracy On Rumor And Performance During An Analogue Task, Joshua Lawrence Lipschultz
The Effects Of Feedback Accuracy On Rumor And Performance During An Analogue Task, Joshua Lawrence Lipschultz
Theses and Dissertations
Feedback is the most commonly used intervention in Organizational Behavior Management (OBM). Recent OBM research has examined both the effects of inaccurate feedback (FB) on performance as well as rumors created due to inaccurate rules. The current study expanded upon both of these lines of research by examining the verbal behavior exhibited by dyads of participants during an analogue task as they were exposed to three different levels of FB accuracy (i.e., one-third FB of the actual number of entries completed, accurate FB, and tripled FB of the actual number of entries completed). The study also assessed the relative effects …
Effects Of Rich And Lean Treatment Contexts On Renewal, Sandhya Rajagopal
Effects Of Rich And Lean Treatment Contexts On Renewal, Sandhya Rajagopal
Theses and Dissertations
Relapse of problem behavior following behavioral intervention can occur for many reasons, including a change in setting after treatment. Reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior due to a context change is termed renewal. Laboratory models have demonstrated renewal by training a target behavior in one stimulus context, extinguishing the behavior in another context, and testing for relapse in the training context, where the behavior remains in extinction. Basic-research studies of relapse have also shown that conditions of the treatment environment, such as reinforcement schedules, can affect the amount of relapse observed. Assuming that quality of the treatment context could have …
The Effects Of Various Instruction Ratios During The Use Of The High Probability Instructional Sequence To Increase Compliance, Hallie Ertel
The Effects Of Various Instruction Ratios During The Use Of The High Probability Instructional Sequence To Increase Compliance, Hallie Ertel
Theses and Dissertations
Noncompliance is a common behavior problem exhibited by individuals who are typically developing as well as individuals with intellectual disabilities. The high probability sequence, an antecedent intervention, has proven to be effective to increase compliance to instructional demands. The high probability sequence involves presenting instructions with which an individual is likely to comply (highp), followed by an instruction with which the individual is not likely to comply (low-p). Typically, three high-p instructions are presented before presenting the low-p instruction. The current study compared different ratios of high-p to low-p instructions (1:1, 3:1, and 5:1) to determine if there is a …
An Analysis Of The Role Of Reactivity In The Observer Effect, Allison Hughes King
An Analysis Of The Role Of Reactivity In The Observer Effect, Allison Hughes King
Theses and Dissertations
Peer observations, which consist of employees observing and scoring their coworkers’ performance of some targeted behavior(s), are often an important component of behavioral safety interventions. Research on peer observations has demonstrated that individuals improve their performance of a task as a result of observing and evaluating their coworkers perform that task, a phenomenon known as the observer effect. Most of the research has demonstrated this effect when the observers were aware that their performance of the task was also being observed, suggesting that reactivity may play an important role. The current study examined this by evaluating the impact that observing …
A Comparison Of Simultaneous And Delayed Conditioning Of Visual Stimuli In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Stephanie Wathen
A Comparison Of Simultaneous And Delayed Conditioning Of Visual Stimuli In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Stephanie Wathen
Theses and Dissertations
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and related disabilities often do not respond to social reinforcers, such as praise, in a manner that is consistent with typically developing peers. Conditioning procedures are commonly used to establish new reinforcers with this population; however, there are few published studies examining conditioning procedures with this population. This study compared the effectiveness of simultaneous and delayed conditioning to establish conditioned reinforcers in three children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The conditioning procedures involved pairing a neutral stimulus (a picture card) with an unconditioned reinforcer using a response-stimulus conditioning procedure. Conditioning trials occurred following simple responses, such …
Using Auditory Extinction Cues To Mitigate Resurgence, Samuel Shvarts
Using Auditory Extinction Cues To Mitigate Resurgence, Samuel Shvarts
Theses and Dissertations
Resurgence is a laboratory model of treatment relapse revealing the effects of treatment-integrity errors on problem behavior eliminated through treatment with differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). This study took a translational approach to assess the effects of an auditory extinction cue (e-cue) to mitigate resurgence of target responding in children with autism using arbitrary responses to simulate target and alternative responding. The auditory cue was a recorded praise statement introduced in Phase 2 and remained in one of the test conditions in Phase 3. In 8 of 12 resurgence test comparisons (with and without the e-cue), responding was mitigated …
Developing Conceptual Understanding And Procedural Fluency In Algebra For High School Students With Intellectual Disability, Andrew J. Wojcik
Developing Conceptual Understanding And Procedural Fluency In Algebra For High School Students With Intellectual Disability, Andrew J. Wojcik
Theses and Dissertations
Teaching students with Intellectual Disability (ID) is a relatively new endeavor. Beginning in 2001 with the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act, the general education curriculum integrated algebra across the K-12 curriculum (Kendall, 2011; National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010), and expansion of the curriculum included five intertwined skills (productive disposition, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and conceptual understanding) (Kilpatrick, Swafford, & Findell, 2001). Researchers are just beginning to explore the potential of students with ID with algebra (Browder, Spooner, Ahlgrim-Delzell, Harris & Wakeman, 2008; Creech-Galloway, Collins, Knight, …
A Further Analysis Of Commission Errors During Discrete Trial Training, Tavy Alisa Matthews
A Further Analysis Of Commission Errors During Discrete Trial Training, Tavy Alisa Matthews
Theses and Dissertations
Treatment integrity has been manipulated in various ways to evaluate its impact on intervention effectiveness. Studies have compared different types of integrity failures and levels of treatment integrity in various contexts and behavioral interventions. Evaluations include differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, child compliance, and discrete trial training. However, further research is needed to establish the point at which integrity becomes detrimental to intervention effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to conduct a parametric analysis (i.e., 100%, 75%, 50%, & 25%) of treatment integrity to examine the effects of commission errors during discrete trial training. Three participants, ages 35 - …
Evaluating Computerized Math Performance Using Progressive Ratio Schedules In Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Lauren Stroker
Evaluating Computerized Math Performance Using Progressive Ratio Schedules In Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Lauren Stroker
Theses and Dissertations
One method of assessing reinforcer strength is to use a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement, whereby response requirements to access reinforcers gradually increase. PR schedules have been used to assess reinforcer potency in numerous applications with nonhumans in basic research, children and adults with disabilities, and individuals with histories of substance abuse problems. However, the utility of PR schedules to determine robust reinforcers has not been assessed with children with attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) regarding academic tasks, such as mathematics. The inability to remain on task presents a challenge for teachers in schools, and poses detrimental effects …
The Use Of The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Human Services To Assess And Improve The Job Performance Of Individuals With Disabilities, Madison Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Employers often do not have the means to identify the specific variables that influence poor work performance, particularly for employees with disabilities. The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Human Services (PDC-HS) is a tool designed to identify these variables and potential solutions to employee performance problems. Although the PDC-HS has been used with a variety of employees, it has not been examined for use with individuals with disabilities. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the PDC-HS with adults with disabilities in an integrated workforce, to increase the productivity of two employees when required to perform a pricing task. Results showed that the PDC-HS …
Behavioral Economic Analyses Of Reinforcement In The Experimental Analysis Of Human Behavior, James Allen Chastain
Behavioral Economic Analyses Of Reinforcement In The Experimental Analysis Of Human Behavior, James Allen Chastain
Theses and Dissertations
Evidence-based advances in the field of Behavior Analysis have begun to demonstrate ways in which behavioral-economic methods may provide a coherent understanding of responding and consumption of reinforcers. This dissertation extends the literature to behavioral-economic analyses of programmed video reinforcement in the experimental analysis of human behavior (EAHB), as well as a novel reinforcement arrangement for reduction of in-session duration. Three aims served to guide this study: (a) demonstrate the feasibility and utility of behavioral-economic assessments of reinforcement in EAHB, (b) extend economic predictions of unit price to video reinforcement arrangements, and (c) evaluate the utility of an exponential model …
Generalization Across Modalities Of Expressive And Receptive Language Acquisition Through The Use Of Multiple Exemplar Training And Errorless, Melinda Galbato
Generalization Across Modalities Of Expressive And Receptive Language Acquisition Through The Use Of Multiple Exemplar Training And Errorless, Melinda Galbato
Theses and Dissertations
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tend to display deficits with language acquisition and generalization of language skills after acquisition. Discrete trial teaching (DTT) includes general procedures used to teach language acquisition skills (such as receptive and expressive language) to children with ASD. Multiple exemplar teaching (MET) is a specialized type of DTT that includes multiple discriminative stimuli used during teaching trials, as opposed to only one target during the initial teaching. This present study assessed the efficacy of a general DTT procedure and MET for acquisition and generalization of two modalities of language skills: receptive and expressive. Goals of …
Training A New Trick Using No-Reward Markers: Effects On Dogs’ Performance And Stress Behaviors, Naomi Rotenberg
Training A New Trick Using No-Reward Markers: Effects On Dogs’ Performance And Stress Behaviors, Naomi Rotenberg
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored using no-reward markers (NRMs). Dogs were taught a novel trick. In the IG group dogs’ errors were ignored; in the NRM group they elicited a tone. Performance and stress were evaluated. IG dogs reached higher levels of performance, with no difference in the frequency of stress behaviors.
Long-Term Effects Of Response Cards On Student Engagement And Academic Performance By Students With Disabilities, Deidra Nicole Shubert
Long-Term Effects Of Response Cards On Student Engagement And Academic Performance By Students With Disabilities, Deidra Nicole Shubert
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the effects of response cards on student engagement and academic performance during math instruction. Students in a middle school classroom for students with emotional and behavior disorders (EBD) received two different instructional conditions: (a) hand raising or (b) response cards. An experimental group was compared to a control group on three identical academic tests administered at various times throughout the school semester to evaluate long-term effects of response cards on academic performance. Analysis of the results indicated increases in student engagement when response cards were implemented when compared to sessions during which students used hand raising to …
The Impact Of Relational Training Of Preferred Food And Non-Preferred Food To Arbitrary Symbols On Implicit Relational Tasks, Janelle Antoinette Allison
The Impact Of Relational Training Of Preferred Food And Non-Preferred Food To Arbitrary Symbols On Implicit Relational Tasks, Janelle Antoinette Allison
Theses and Dissertations
The Mixed-Trial Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (MT-IRAP) is a tool for measuring implicit behavior (i.e., biases or beliefs the individual is unaware of or intends to conceal from the public) among individuals. The MT-IRAP is a modified version of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) and was designed to address limitations inherent to the IRAP’s design. The MT-IRAP was tested with adult participants across a series of five studies. Throughout each study, the MTIRAP assessed implicit behavior toward high-preferred foods, non-preferred foods, and arbitrary symbols. The experimenter administered the MT-IRAP before and after participant completion of a task designed to …
Decreasing Bouts Of Prolonged Sitting Among Office Workers, Nicholas Green
Decreasing Bouts Of Prolonged Sitting Among Office Workers, Nicholas Green
Theses and Dissertations
Health care costs of preventable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and obesity are higher than ever, and indicate the need for behavioral interventions. Research has shown that individuals who sit for extended periods are at higher risk for these diseases. Moreover, the risks associated with sitting have been found to be independent of an individual’s physical activity. That is, longer durations of sitting per day are associated with higher levels of unwanted health risks, regardless of how often an individual exercises. There is a need to address this issue in today’s inactive workplace. Research indicates that office …
Working It Out: Examining The Psychological Effects Of Music And Exercise And Exploring The Theoretical Background Of Health Behaviors, Caroline R. Campbell
Working It Out: Examining The Psychological Effects Of Music And Exercise And Exploring The Theoretical Background Of Health Behaviors, Caroline R. Campbell
Theses and Dissertations
Exercise has been linked to mood benefits, and music may increase these effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychological effects of music and exercise. Exercise was hypothesized to increase mood more significantly in those who listened to music. Listening to music while exercising was also hypothesized to lead to lower perceived exertion and higher exercise enjoyment. Participants (N = 148) completed 20 minutes of moderately-paced walking, either with or without a personal music player. Exercise significantly increased mood in all measured dimensions. Exercise enjoyment was significantly higher among participants who exercised with music and music …
Factors That Predict Incident Reporting Behavior In Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Nicole K. Damico
Factors That Predict Incident Reporting Behavior In Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Nicole K. Damico
Theses and Dissertations
Improving patient safety through reduction of medical errors is a national priority. One of the strategies widely utilized to address this issue is the use of incident reporting systems. The purpose of this study was to describe factors that predict the likelihood that Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) will use incident reporting systems, guided by the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). A non-experimental, correlational research design was utilized to achieve the study aims. Following IRB approval, a cross-sectional survey was administered electronically to a random sample of practicing CRNAs. Correlational analyses and a standard logistic regression were utilized to …
Cyberspace And Real-World Behavioral Relationships: Towards The Application Of Internet Search Queries To Identify Individuals At-Risk For Suicide, Casey C. Miller
Cyberspace And Real-World Behavioral Relationships: Towards The Application Of Internet Search Queries To Identify Individuals At-Risk For Suicide, Casey C. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
The Internet has become an integral and pervasive aspect of society. Not surprisingly, the growth of ecommerce has led to focused research on identifying relationships between user behavior in cyberspace and the real world - retailers are tracking items customers are viewing and purchasing in order to recommend additional products and to better direct advertising. As the relationship between online search patterns and real-world behavior becomes more understood, the practice is likely to expand to other applications. Indeed, Google Flu Trends has implemented an algorithm that accurately charts the relationship between the number of people searching for flu-related topics on …
Forecasting Effects Of Influence Operations: A Generative Social Science Methodology, Christopher W. Weimer
Forecasting Effects Of Influence Operations: A Generative Social Science Methodology, Christopher W. Weimer
Theses and Dissertations
Simulation enables analysis of social systems that would be difficult or unethical to experiment upon directly. Agent-based models have been used successfully in the field of generative social science to discover parsimonious sets of factors that generate social behavior. This methodology provides an avenue to explore the spread of anti-government sentiment in populations and to compare the effects of potential Military Information Support Operations (MISO) actions. This research develops an agent-based model to investigate factors that affect the growth of rebel uprisings in a notional population. It adds to the civil violence model developed by Epstein (2006) by enabling communication …