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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Applied Behavior Analysis
The Effects Of Using Home Language Vs English In Teaching Safety Skills, Emma Ruiz
The Effects Of Using Home Language Vs English In Teaching Safety Skills, Emma Ruiz
Thesis Projects
Cultural competence and cultural awareness are terms that have started to become more widely used when discussing how therapists impact their clients. The push for cultural competence and awareness has started to create new questions about how a client’s culture can be intertwined with the services that they are receiving. The purpose of this study was to teach a combination of basic safety skills and identify if language impacted behavior. This study utilized one participant who did not acquire the skill to stop in either language. During the experiment, a third language was added to measure control; however, responding remained …
Observing Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Human Behavior Under A Fixed-Time Schedule, Calvin Kocienda
Observing Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Human Behavior Under A Fixed-Time Schedule, Calvin Kocienda
Thesis Projects
Historically, behavior analysts have measured behavior through single discrete responses, likely due to the technology available in the late 20th century. This meant that spatiotemporal behavior, or movement over time, was often left understudied. León et al. (2021) used computer vision software to successfully measure spatiotemporal behavior in rats using various measurements such as distance traveled and maximum velocity. The current study aims to closely emulate León et al., 2021’s study with human subjects to see whether human spatiotemporal behavior can be measured. Two children were placed in a room and offered a preferred edible on a fixed-time 30-s (FT …
A Comparison Of Simple And Differentially Signaled Vr Exchange-Production Schedules, David Duong
A Comparison Of Simple And Differentially Signaled Vr Exchange-Production Schedules, David Duong
Thesis Projects
Token systems typically rely on the conditioned reinforcement effects of tokens to increase responding; however, there may be additional effects and properties as well. This study aims to compare rates of responding between simple VR exchange-production schedules, differentially signaled VR exchange-production schedules, and a control condition to evaluate the operant and respondent effects that token correlated stimuli have on responding. The rates of acquisition of flashcards terms with two college students were tracked. Results indicate that the schedule of reinforcement in place had little impact on the acquisition of flashcard terms, with similar rates of responding across all three conditions. …
Assessing Visual Analysis Skills With Board Certified Behavior Analysts: A Replication And Extension, Daniella Fronte
Assessing Visual Analysis Skills With Board Certified Behavior Analysts: A Replication And Extension, Daniella Fronte
Thesis Projects
Visual analysis of single-subject data is a necessary decision-making method in the field of behavior analysis. This analysis helps practitioners evaluate the efficacy of their interventions and informs subsequent decisions to complete, continue, modify, or discontinue an intervention. The purpose of this study was to assess behavior analysts’ visual analysis skills and to evaluate whether using a decision-making flowchart increases correct clinical decisions. Talk-aloud data were used to analyze errors in behavior analysts’ decision-making. Additionally, the extent to which participants rated the flowchart’s significance and effectiveness was assessed. Four of 16 participants reached mastery in the baseline phase without access …
The Effects Of Visual Supports On The Acquisition Of Guitar Chords, Cole S. Jahna
The Effects Of Visual Supports On The Acquisition Of Guitar Chords, Cole S. Jahna
Thesis Projects
There is a current literature gap in applied behavior analysis (ABA) and music-based leisure activities. This study utilized a multiple-probe design to evaluate the effects of visual supports on the guitar fretboard combined with behavioral skills training (BST) to teach correct strumming and finger placement of three guitar chords (i.e., E, C, and G) to a neurodivergent adult. By using a task analysis, the strum and each individual finger placement were scored as correct or incorrect during each chord trial. Three chords that were under 50% accuracy in baseline were selected for the intervention. The intervention was introduced sequentially to …
Investigating The Effect Of Ai Use Disclosure And Identity On Faculty Evaluation, Nchimunya Mwiinga
Investigating The Effect Of Ai Use Disclosure And Identity On Faculty Evaluation, Nchimunya Mwiinga
Honors Program Theses
This study examines how professors' disclosure of artificial intelligence (AI) use affects student evaluations and whether these effects vary by professor ethnicity and gender. Participants reviewed identical course materials attributed to professors varying in gender and ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic), with half explicitly disclosing AI use in material preparation. Results revealed that professors who disclosed AI use received significantly lower ratings across all evaluation dimensions. Furthermore, ethnicity interacted significantly with disclosure—Asian professors experienced the most substantial negative impact, Hispanic professors showed moderate negative effects, and Black professors demonstrated minimal differences between disclosure conditions. No significant gender effects were observed. These …
An Extension Of The Response-Restriction Preference Assessment, Jazmin Ramos
An Extension Of The Response-Restriction Preference Assessment, Jazmin Ramos
Thesis Projects
The purpose of the current study was to extend research on response-restriction (RR) preference assessment by (a) comparing the rate of problem behavior across preference assessments (i.e., multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO), Free Operant (FO), RR) using modification made to improve the RR assessment, (b) determining whether RR can produce similar hierarchies to other preference assessments, (c) conducting a reinforcer assessment to determine if the RR assessment accurately predict reinforcers. The study was conducted for two children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As a result, the rate of problem behavior for all assessments occurred at a similarly low rate. The …
An Assessment Process And Guide For Intervention To Increase Procedural Fidelity, Silvia Cabal
An Assessment Process And Guide For Intervention To Increase Procedural Fidelity, Silvia Cabal
Thesis Projects
For applied behavior analytic (ABA) services to be effective and provide change, those providing services must be well trained. However, when low procedural fidelity is observed, whether it is due to a skill or performance deficit may be unknown. Assessments can help provide insight into whether low procedural fidelity by a Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) providing services is due to a skill or performance deficit. The intervention can then be tailored to the RBT's specific needs. This study evaluates this process by administering the Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Human Services (PDC-HS) to three RBTs and providing either a reinforcement intervention or behavioral …
Functional Analysis And Intervention Of Multiply Controlled Behavior, Nicole Carbonelli Rosa
Functional Analysis And Intervention Of Multiply Controlled Behavior, Nicole Carbonelli Rosa
Thesis Projects
More than one function may control problem behavior. Functional analysis helps identify the potential sources of reinforcement that maintain the problem behavior. Interventions such as functional communication training (FCT) and extinction (EXT) have proven effective in decreasing problem behavior and increasing compliance among children with intellectual disabilities. This paper aims to conduct a functional analysis and treatment for children with multiply controlled behaviors by replicating and extending the works of Neidert, Iwata, and Dozier (2005). Intervention procedures consisted of FCT and EXT and were based on each relevant function of behavior for each participant. As a result of the intervention …
Participant Preferences Of Identified Maintaining Contingencies, Aubrey Ashby
Participant Preferences Of Identified Maintaining Contingencies, Aubrey Ashby
Thesis Projects
This study sought to evaluate the relationship between preference for reinforcement and behavioral function of one participant. In Study 1, functional analysis (FA) methodologies were employed to determine the function of disruptive behaviors. Study 2 consisted of a concurrent chains analysis where the participant was asked to select the FA condition, they preferred the most. Study 3 evaluated preferences for contingent reinforcement or non-contingent reinforcement of the preferred reinforcer identified in study 2. Results demonstrated that although the participants’ behavior was maintained by escape and attention, the participant preferred the attention condition. Study 3 was inconclusive due to the participant …
Homogeneous Or Diverse: Examining The Inclusiveness Of Behavior-Analytic Services For The Black Population, April Jefferson
Homogeneous Or Diverse: Examining The Inclusiveness Of Behavior-Analytic Services For The Black Population, April Jefferson
Capstone Projects
Black and African Americans are the second largest minority group in the United States. Studies show that the prevalence of autism in children are similar by race and ethnicity, making Black and African Americans the second largest minority group with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. For behavior analyst servicing this population, there is an obligation to address the needs of these individuals and acknowledge their backgrounds and diversities. This study highlights areas that affect the quality of services provided to the Black and African American community and evaluate the inclusiveness of these areas.
Determining The Utilization Of Trial-Based Functional Analyses In A Clinical Setting, Cayla Thomas
Determining The Utilization Of Trial-Based Functional Analyses In A Clinical Setting, Cayla Thomas
Thesis Projects
The functional analysis (FA) methodology is the gold standard of functional assessments to inform function-based interventions in applied behavior analysis. Behavior analysts report underuse of the FA methodology in clinical practice due to lack of time and resources and safety concerns. The trial-based FA (TBFA) is a brief form of the FA that is conducted in the natural environment and to date has mainly been conducted in classrooms. When compared with a standard FA, TBFAs take less consecutive time to complete, there are fewer instances of maladaptive behavior, data collection is simpler, and data analysis requires less expertise. The current …
A Comparison Of Models In Video Modeling To Teach Vocal Skills, Caroline Phan
A Comparison Of Models In Video Modeling To Teach Vocal Skills, Caroline Phan
Thesis Projects
Video modeling is a strategy used to teach learners new skills by viewing a video of a model engaging in a target behavior and then having the learner imitate the behavior (Cooper et al., 2019). Much research has been conducted on the effectiveness of video modeling when compared to in vivo modeling, but there are still various limitations to consider, including its effectiveness as a solo intervention, who are the most impactful models to include, and the effectiveness of the intervention for certain populations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of video modeling as a solo …
The Effectiveness Of A Skills Assessment Sequence On Evaluating Independent Handwriting, Rebecca Mischuck
The Effectiveness Of A Skills Assessment Sequence On Evaluating Independent Handwriting, Rebecca Mischuck
Thesis Projects
Skills assessments are an important component of effective applied behavior analysis services. Rapid skills assessments can help clinicians determine whether an observed skill deficit requires intervention in the form of changing reinforcement contingencies or through teaching. Response prompt assessments determine which prompt type is most effective and efficient for individuals. Both assessments provide a more comprehensive approach to developing effective skill acquisition services. The purpose of this study was to combine the rapid skills and prompt type assessments into one assessment sequence. An adapted alternating treatments design examined the effectiveness of first assessing reinforcement alone; then a response prompt assessment …
Comparing Operant Discrimination Training And Response Contingent Pairing For Eliciting Vocalizations, Jade Grimes
Comparing Operant Discrimination Training And Response Contingent Pairing For Eliciting Vocalizations, Jade Grimes
Thesis Projects
Delays to language acquisition can have negative impacts to a child’s academic and social interactions. Stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) is a clinical procedure used to increase vocalizations by early language learners. Alternative interventions to SSP include response contingent pairing (RCP) and operant discrimination training (ODT). The results from previous research in RCP and ODT have limited benefit to clinical applications because verbal approximations were not reinforced, and they did not bring the vocalizations under stimulus control. The present study sought to evaluate the use of RCP and ODT to determine which intervention increased vocalizations. Two children aged 2- and 6-years-old, diagnosed …
A Functional Analysis Of Physical Activity In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nicole Ramirez
A Functional Analysis Of Physical Activity In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nicole Ramirez
Thesis Projects
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017) recognizes the staggering rates of obesity affecting children and adolescents in the United States. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a higher risk of obesity than neurotypical children (Kahathuduwa et al., 2019). The CDC (2017) acknowledges the lack of physical activity as a major factor leading to obesity. This investigation aims to determine the effectiveness of a reinforcer in increasing the levels of physical activity in children diagnosed with ASD. A subsequent aim is to address a measurement limitation identified in Knerr (2020) by using both an observation recording system as …
Comparing The Effects Of Feedback Types On Caregiver Training Of Hispanic Parents, Natasha Cintron
Comparing The Effects Of Feedback Types On Caregiver Training Of Hispanic Parents, Natasha Cintron
Thesis Projects
The purpose of this study was to identify the preference of feedback types used during parent training with Hispanic caregivers. Knowing the caregiver’s preference of feedback formats allowed for the intervention plan to be designed based on caregiver choice and might enhance the likelihood that the treatment will be carried out as designed by the caregiver. A secondary purpose of the current study was to incorporate cultural values, specifically of Hispanic caregivers in the intervention process. By including cultural components in the intervention, practitioners may improve their cultural competency. Parent training protocols and behavioral skills training (BST) was conducted in …
A Review Of Behavior Analysis In Education, Devon A. Warner
A Review Of Behavior Analysis In Education, Devon A. Warner
Capstone Projects
Most education research in applied behavior analysis (ABA) is specific to early learners, which presents significant opportunity to better determine the effectiveness of various instruction methods for college-aged learners (CALs). Within the context of pedagogy, or method of teaching, ABA is the scientific study of the effect of instructional techniques on student behaviors. The available research for college-aged learners is scattered, non-definitive, and has gaps over time. Despite declension over the past half-century, research examining evidence-based practices in education has identified multiple approaches to help instructors manage and improve individual student behaviors and academic performance for CALs. In this review, …
Evaluation Of A Vocal Mand Assessment And Vocal Mand Training Procedures: A Systematic Replication, Toni O'Connell
Evaluation Of A Vocal Mand Assessment And Vocal Mand Training Procedures: A Systematic Replication, Toni O'Connell
Thesis Projects
Numerous mand training procedures have proven effective in developing mand repertoires in children with developmental disabilities, but selection of treatments is usually arbitrary. Bourret et al. (2004) created and tested a vocal mand assessment to systematically determine an effective mand training procedure, thereby reducing the likelihood of implementing ineffective treatments. However, because a comparison between treatments was not completed, the validity of the assessment requires further investigation. This study sought to replicate and extend the findings of Bourret et al. (2004) by including a comparison between two treatments. Study 1 consisted of a replication of the vocal mand assessment and …
An Analysis Of The Effects Of Extinction Relative To Baseline Measures Including And Excluding Consumption Time, Kelti Keister
An Analysis Of The Effects Of Extinction Relative To Baseline Measures Including And Excluding Consumption Time, Kelti Keister
Thesis Projects
Extinction bursts are a widely discussed phenomenon. The data analysis methods used to analyze the effects of extinction bursts have not been examined thoroughly within the field of applied behavior analysis, however. In this study, we implemented extinction procedures in a reversal design on three typically developing pre-school aged individuals. We then conducted two different data analysis methods. First, extinction effects were evaluated relative to one baseline measure including reinforcer consumption time and one baseline measure excluding reinforcer consumption time. Second, extinction was evaluated at the whole- and within-session (last five minutes of baseline and first ten minutes of extinction) …
Evaluating The Diverted Attention Condition In A Trial-Based Functional Analysis, Kyle Frank
Evaluating The Diverted Attention Condition In A Trial-Based Functional Analysis, Kyle Frank
Thesis Projects
The diverted attention condition of a functional analysis is similar to the standard attention condition; however, instead of the therapist engaging in another task and ignoring the participant, the therapist provides attention to a confederate while diverting attention away from the participant. Contingent upon the occurrence of problem behavior, attention is diverted back to the participant. This study evaluated the diverted attention condition using a trial-based functional analysis format. Results of the standard functional analysis for both subjects were undifferentiated, whereas results of the trial-based functional analysis showed an attention function for one subject through the use of a diverted …
Teaching Safe Dog-Greeting Skills With Parents And Children, Ashley Torres
Teaching Safe Dog-Greeting Skills With Parents And Children, Ashley Torres
Thesis Projects
Dog-bites pose a significant problem for children’s and dogs' abilities to live an enhanced life. The majority of dog-bite incidents are to children between the ages of 5 and 9 years old and often dogs are euthanized for the crime (Wilson, Dwyer, & Bennett, 2003). There is limited research on a behavior analytic dog-bite prevention intervention that is both effective and generalizable to the natural environment. Yankelevitz et al. (2019) examined a six-step dog-greeting protocol to teach children how to greet unfamiliar dogs appropriately, but following acquisition the dog-greeting skills generalized poorly to the natural environment. The purpose of the …
A Functional Analysis Of Physical Activity In Children With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Alexandra Knerr
A Functional Analysis Of Physical Activity In Children With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Alexandra Knerr
Thesis Projects
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends children get 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity each day, but few children with intellectual and developmental disabilities meet these guidelines. Determining the function of physical activity may lead to more effective interventions for increasing physical activity levels in these children. The present study adapted the methods of Larson, Normand, Morley, and Miller (2014) to conduct a functional analysis of physical activity in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. For two subjects, rates of physical activity were measured using pedometers in five conditions: Verbal attention, adult interaction, music, ignore, and control. …
Validity Analysis Of A Modified Questions About Behavioral Function (Qabf) Assessment: Preliminary Analysis, Christina Marie Sheppard
Validity Analysis Of A Modified Questions About Behavioral Function (Qabf) Assessment: Preliminary Analysis, Christina Marie Sheppard
Thesis Projects
The Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) is a 25-item rating scale about the variables that are potentially maintaining problem behavior, and it is administered in an interview format to an informant. According to previous research, the psychometric soundness (such as validity) of the QABF and other indirect assessments is low, yet these instruments are used frequently in practice. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether specifying a recall period would improve the validity of the QABF (i.e., correspondence of QABF results with functional analysis results). A QABF, a modified version with timeframes (QABF-M), and a functional analysis …
Evaluating Correspondence Between Preference Assessments Requiring Motor And Vocal Responses, Marie Gilbert
Evaluating Correspondence Between Preference Assessments Requiring Motor And Vocal Responses, Marie Gilbert
Thesis Projects
Current practice is for reinforcers to be determined through systematic preference assessments prior to incorporating those items as reinforcers for behavior change programs. Historically, preference is typically determined by these assessments via a non-vocal response (i.e., subjects touch the item they prefer). It is possible in clinical settings, however, therapists simply ask an experienced learner what he or she “would like to work for” prior to commencing discrete trial training. It is unclear whether answers to these questions would align with subjects’ non-vocal responses in a more formal assessment. The current study compared subjects’ responses during two multiple-stimulus-without-replacement (MSWO) preference …
Varying Inter-Stimulus And Inter-Trial Intervals During Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing: A Translational Extension Of Autoshaping, Patricia Eberhardt
Varying Inter-Stimulus And Inter-Trial Intervals During Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing: A Translational Extension Of Autoshaping, Patricia Eberhardt
Thesis Projects
Stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) is a respondent conditioning procedure often implemented to elicit vocalizations in children with language delays. Unfortunately, the research showing the effect of increased rates of vocalizations is mixed. Through analogies drawn between SSP and autoshaping, da Silva and Williams (under review) identified variables potentially responsible for increasing the efficacy of SSP (da Silva & Williams, under review). The present study sought to evaluate the relative duration of the inter-trial interval (ITI) and the inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Specifically, the duration of the ITI was systematically varied from 15 s to 60 s and the value of ISI was …
Gradually Transitioning To A New Taxonomy: Thinning, Shaping, And Fading, Melanie Agrachov
Gradually Transitioning To A New Taxonomy: Thinning, Shaping, And Fading, Melanie Agrachov
Capstone Projects
Currently, there is a large body of work in the basic and applied literature about schedule thinning and the underlying concepts associated with these procedures. However, some of the terminology used in this research area (e.g., shaping, fading, and thinning) has been applied inconsistently, suggesting that researchers and practitioners might misunderstand these terms. In this paper, I will discuss the unsystematic use of terminology found in the literature describing schedule thinning procedures, as well as other gradual change procedures, more generally. Additionally, I will propose a new taxonomy of gradual behavior change procedures in the hope of creating a more …
Using Video-Based Training To Teach Students The Conservative Dual-Criteria Method, Chandler Pelfrey
Using Video-Based Training To Teach Students The Conservative Dual-Criteria Method, Chandler Pelfrey
Thesis Projects
Practicing behavior analysts and registered behavior technicians (RBTs) are required to base their practices on scientific evidence. Analyzing single-subject data is among the most important behavior-analytic practices because it guides clinical decision-making. Although prior research has shown the conservative dual-criteria (CDC) method is accurate (Fisher, Kelley, & Lomas, 2003) and can be used with real graphs like those used in behavior-analytic practice (Lanovaz, Huxley, & Dufour, 2017; Wolfe, Seaman, Drasgow, & Sherlock, 2018), most empirically supported training procedures involve in-person training. Because in-person training in behavior-analytic practice can be expensive, remotely administered training packages might be more viable. Using a …
Increasing Variable Play In Children With Autism Using A Lag Schedule And Stimulus Fading, Amelia Nelson
Increasing Variable Play In Children With Autism Using A Lag Schedule And Stimulus Fading, Amelia Nelson
Thesis Projects
Restricted or repetitive interests are one of the hallmark characteristics of an autism diagnosis, and this characteristic can sometimes be present in a child’s toy-play. The current study explored the effects of a lag schedule and visual discriminative stimuli on the variability of selection of play items for two children with autism. The researcher used an ABAB reversal design to reinforce variability in play selection and then slowly and systematically faded the stimuli associated with the intervention. The results were idiosyncratic across participants. For one subject, the lag schedule alone maintained variable selection of toys, and the visual discriminative stimuli …
A Model For The Treatment Of Food Selectivity, Angie Van Arsdale
A Model For The Treatment Of Food Selectivity, Angie Van Arsdale
Thesis Projects
Research has shown antecedent interventions might be effective for treating food selectivity in the absence of consequent manipulations; however, escape extinction is the most commonly implemented intervention in feeding research. Escape extinction in the treatment of feeding disorders is an intrusive procedure that might not always be considered socially valid or feasible; therefore, it is important to evaluate other interventions prior to escape extinction. This study describes a methodology of evaluating antecedent and consequent interventions for subjects with food selectivity, progressing from least to most response effort and/or intrusiveness. For each subject, we moved through each intervention until acceptance increased …