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- Autism (15)
- Autism spectrum disorder (7)
- Children (6)
- Feedback (6)
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- Private events (4)
- Problem behavior (4)
- Tacting (4)
- Verbal behavior (4)
- Preference assessment (3)
- Self-control (3)
- Staff training (3)
- Video feedback (3)
- Applied behavior analysis (2)
- Assessment (2)
- Athlete performance (2)
- Behavioral Systems Analysis (2)
- Behavioral economics (2)
- Behavioral skills training (2)
- Compliance (2)
- Computer-based instruction (2)
- Conditional discrimination (2)
- DEI (2)
- Delay discounting (2)
- Discriminability (2)
- Esports (2)
- Generalization (2)
- Goal setting (2)
- Impulsivity (2)
- Low-p instructions (2)
Articles 31 - 60 of 121
Full-Text Articles in Applied Behavior Analysis
The Effects Of Guided Notes In An Online Behavior Analysis Graduate Course, Natalya Theresa Gutierrez
The Effects Of Guided Notes In An Online Behavior Analysis Graduate Course, Natalya Theresa Gutierrez
Theses and Dissertations
Guided notes are handouts with fill-in-the-blank spots, incomplete outlines, or PowerPoint slides with blank spaces identical to those used by the instructor during class lectures (Biggers et al., 2020). This note-taking strategy was initially created for those who have difficulty in the classroom, such as students with learning disabilities (Williams et al., 2012). However, guided notes became a supplemental note-taking technique used during lectures for non-disabled college students as well. The authors examined the impact of guided notes in an online course format, counterbalancing three conditions across participants and instructional units: Guided notes, learning objectives and no notes to determine …
Assessment And Improvement Of Women’S Soccer Performance Using Precision Teaching And Frequency Building, Emily Anne Swope
Assessment And Improvement Of Women’S Soccer Performance Using Precision Teaching And Frequency Building, Emily Anne Swope
Theses and Dissertations
Performance assessments may be a helpful tool to determine why performance is lacking in sports and fitness. They may also provide some examples of interventions that help improve performance. If the performance deficits are due to a lack of skill or knowledge, then one teaching procedure that may increase the performance of the skill is frequency building. The purpose of the present study was to use a sports performance assessment to identify the variables responsible for sub-standard performance on a college women’s soccer team. In addition, we used a frequency building procedure to improve the performance of three soccer players. …
Comparison Of Traditional And Eye-Gaze Preference And Reinforcer Assessments, Zhihao Ou
Comparison Of Traditional And Eye-Gaze Preference And Reinforcer Assessments, Zhihao Ou
Theses and Dissertations
A variety of preference assessments have been used to identify potential reinforcers for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related disabilities. However, during traditional selection-based assessments, participants may fail to select items or selection may be under faulty stimulus control (e.g., side bias). Previous research has evaluated the utility of eye-gaze preference assessments with individuals with profound intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this study is to compare preference assessments by eye gaze and traditional preference assessment in three participants with ASD. The results of reinforcer assessment showed that among 2 out of 3 participants, the eye gaze method was …
Teaching Children With Autism To Tact Private Events Based On Common Properties, Madisyn Quidort
Teaching Children With Autism To Tact Private Events Based On Common Properties, Madisyn Quidort
Theses and Dissertations
Skinner (1957) proposed that people learn to talk about private events in several ways. This study sought to examine the plausibility of one of those mechanisms: common properties. Skinner asserted that children learn tacts for public stimuli through normal interaction with their caregivers. When a child experiences a private stimulus that shares some feature with a previously learned public stimulus, the child generalizes the tact to the private sensation because there is a common property between the two stimuli. Three children with autistic disorder were taught 6 to 9 sensation tacts (e.g., prickly, cozy, tight) depicted in videos (e.g., a …
Assessing The Validity And Reliability Of The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Human Services 1.1, Sebastian Jimenez
Assessing The Validity And Reliability Of The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Human Services 1.1, Sebastian Jimenez
Theses and Dissertations
The PDC-HS is an informant-based assessment tool used by OBM practitioners in human service settings. An updated version known as the PDC-HS 1.1 has recently been released. The present study measured the validity and reliability of the PDCHS 1.1 by analyzing answers obtained while watching a video of a simulated interview between a consultant and a supervisor. Three video vignettes were created, each describing a performance concern in one or more areas of the PDCHS 1.1. Twenty-one participants watched all vignettes and filled out the PDC-HS 1.1 based on the answers provided. Validity was measured by calculating the percentage of …
The Effects Of Teaching Children To Tact Their Emotions On Problem Behavior, Haley Nicole Harber
The Effects Of Teaching Children To Tact Their Emotions On Problem Behavior, Haley Nicole Harber
Theses and Dissertations
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often struggle to understand and describe private events, such as emotions. When an individual cannot communicate appropriately, it can lead to various problem behaviors. Previous literature suggested that we teach children to tact their emotions (e.g., "I am sad," "I am angry") in an attempt to decrease their problem behavior. The primary purpose of the current study is to teach children with autism to tact their emotions. The secondary purpose is to evaluate the effects of empathy statements on problem behavior. Four children participated, three with problem behavior maintained by access to tangibles and …
Increasing Practical Verbal Behavior In Esports Players, Victoria Perry German
Increasing Practical Verbal Behavior In Esports Players, Victoria Perry German
Theses and Dissertations
Verbal behavior, sports, and performance skills have been targeted in behavior analytic research in the past. However, no research to date has targeted Esports as a setting, nor has there been a substantial focus on communication as a target as opposed to more technical skills in sports, organizations, or similar settings. Esports is a large, growing industry of competitive videogaming, with a variety of games represented at different levels, many of which are team-based and require significant coordination and cooperation between players on a team. Thus, in this study we targeted verbal responses in a team of collegiate Esports players …
An Examination Of The Effects Of The Presentation Of Preferred Items On Frequency Of Stereotypy In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Shauna Blady
Theses and Dissertations
Stereotypy is a restricted, repetitive behavior that features rigidity and invariance. Approximately 88% of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit some form of stereotypy (Chebli et al., 2016). Although it often occurs under conditions of stimulus deprivation, stereotypy may also occur under other environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of stereotypy when preferred items are available noncontingently. Three participants were exposed to a baseline condition in which they had no access to items, followed by conditions in which high and low preferred items were delivered noncontingently to investigate whether automatically-maintained stereotypy was likely …
Diversity Term Accuracy: A Comparison Of Safmeds And Computer-Based Instruction Training Models, Candace Renae Fay
Diversity Term Accuracy: A Comparison Of Safmeds And Computer-Based Instruction Training Models, Candace Renae Fay
Theses and Dissertations
Promoting diversity and inclusion can impact a variety of different groups. Many organizations rely on various training methods to help ensure diversity in the workplace. However, little research has compared the effects of different training approaches on increasing recall of specific cultural terms. Thus, the present study employed an adapted alternating treatment design to explore the effectiveness of two different training approaches. A SAFMEDS training model was compared to a traditionally-applied Computer-Based Instruction, to determine which is more efficient at promoting cultural fluency. The number of correct definitions for diversity terms across various demographic categories, served as the dependent variable. …
Teacher Choice-Allocation Of Delayed Treatment Outcomes Based On Severity Of Student Problem Behavior, Natalia Victoria Colón
Teacher Choice-Allocation Of Delayed Treatment Outcomes Based On Severity Of Student Problem Behavior, Natalia Victoria Colón
Theses and Dissertations
Delay discounting is the systematic preference for smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later rewards, particularly as the delay to the larger, later reward is increased. It is used to explain impulsivity. Monetary rewards have been most frequently studied; however, impulsivity has also been represented with behavioral treatment outcomes for maladaptive behavior where a caregiver is responsible for its implementation (Call et al., 2015; Scheithauer et al., 2020). Maladaptive behavior is a common concern among families with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Long-term improvements are not uncommon in behavior analysis. It may be detrimental to client gains if caregivers discount longer acting …
The Effects Of Reinforcer Absence And Availability Of Alternative Activity On Delay Of Gratification In Children With Autism, Hailey Rose Prechtel
The Effects Of Reinforcer Absence And Availability Of Alternative Activity On Delay Of Gratification In Children With Autism, Hailey Rose Prechtel
Theses and Dissertations
An increase in delay tolerance can help individuals obtain more preferred items, activities, and interactions. There are also many situations in a young child's daily life in which they cannot have immediate access to items, activities, or attention that they might be seeking. This can often lead to problem behavior and a longer time to wait for the desired item. Strategies that increase self-controlled responding may help individuals make choices and respond appropriately to receive a better outcome. This study examined the effects of self-control techniques such as removing an item, and interaction with an alternative activity on a child’s …
Embedding Reinforcement In Choice Making During Free Play In Children With Asd, Julianne Isabella Fernandez
Embedding Reinforcement In Choice Making During Free Play In Children With Asd, Julianne Isabella Fernandez
Theses and Dissertations
The present study evaluated the effects of embedded reinforcement and satiation procedures on activity preferences in a small group setting of four children diagnosed with ASD. This study is a systematic replication of Hanley et al (2009) in which researchers used the same procedures to evaluate time allocation and activity preferences of neurotypical children in the classroom during free play. The goal of this study was to see if the results of the original study would generalize to children diagnosed with autism. Satiation procedures resulted in the slight increase of engagement in the highest preferred activity zone with some overlap …
Evaluating Matrix Training To Teach Children With Autism To Tact Private Events, Abbi Dell Lee
Evaluating Matrix Training To Teach Children With Autism To Tact Private Events, Abbi Dell Lee
Theses and Dissertations
The research on teaching tacts has primarily focus on visual stimuli, with relatively little attention to teaching tacts of nonvisual stimuli. The present study extended the literature to different types of tactile stimulation by teaching 2-component tacts of body-part sensation combinations in the presence of tactile stimulation. Multiple objects were used to produce the sensations to encourage generalization. Two additional exemplars for each sensation were probed for generalization to novel objects. The experimenters used matrix training, in which target responses were arranged in such a way as to facilitate recombinative generalization to untrained combinations. We arranged 6 body part targets …
The Connection Between The Disconnects: Exploring Process Redesign To Reduce Human Error, Missy Carol Vergason
The Connection Between The Disconnects: Exploring Process Redesign To Reduce Human Error, Missy Carol Vergason
Theses and Dissertations
It has been said that organizations are only as effective as their processes. However, often times organizational behavior management (OBM) utilizes performance management to resolve issues as opposed to Behavioral Systems Analysis (BSA), which encompasses process redesign to ensure processes operate efficiently. Ultimately, to assist in long-term beneficial changes, process redesign could be helpful for allowing performers to have the resources to benefit from the enhanced process. However, little research has been done that assesses performance change with disconnects removed or with the addition of automation in a controlled laboratory setting. Thus, the current study examined the effects of a …
Teaching Rule-Governed Behavior To Children With Autism, Alicia Mingione
Teaching Rule-Governed Behavior To Children With Autism, Alicia Mingione
Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to teach rule-governed behavior to children with autism. Few studies have examined rule-governed behavior in children with autism. Of the few studies that exist, results have shown that using behavior-consequence rules produce quicker acquisition of learning than using antecedent-behavior rules. In the current study, participants were given two behavior-consequence rules, one resulting in the presentation of a preferred or nonpreferred consequence and the other resulting in avoidance of that consequence. The percentage of rules followed independently and correctly was measured. A constant prompt delay was implemented due to the lack of progress. However, some participants began exhibiting …
Comparing The Effects Of Noncontingent Reinforcement And Environmental Enrichment On Problem Behavior Maintained By Automatic Reinforcement, Mary Llinas
Theses and Dissertations
Environmental enrichment (EE) and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) are common behavior analytic interventions used to decrease problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement. Both EE and NCR involve noncontingent access to preferred or competing stimuli, however, access to stimuli is intermittent (typically on a fixed-time [FT] schedule) in NCR, while in EE, the stimuli are continuously available. Despite the research on their effectiveness at reducing problem behavior, they have not been compared. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of different schedules of reinforcement at decreasing automatically maintained problem behavior (stereotypy) and anxiety exhibited by two children with …
Teaching Individuals To Tact The Intensity Of Sensations, Sandhya Rajagopal
Teaching Individuals To Tact The Intensity Of Sensations, Sandhya Rajagopal
Theses and Dissertations
Healthcare professionals frequently ask individuals to use numerical rating scales to rate their pain intensity; therefore, reporting the intensity of private sensations is an important skill. Yet individuals with autism often have difficulty reporting sensations. Using a multiple baseline design across stimulus sets in the pilot experiment and Experiment 1, a multiple probe design across participants in Experiment 2, and a multiple probe design across stimulus sets in Experiment 3, the present study investigated a method of teaching typically developing adults and children and one child with autism to report the intensity of tactile sensations rough, tight, heavy, and temperature. …
Effects Of Instructive Feedback On Gustatory Relations, Natàlia Arasa Bonavila
Effects Of Instructive Feedback On Gustatory Relations, Natàlia Arasa Bonavila
Theses and Dissertations
Differentiating tastes is important for safety reasons; being able to discriminate flavors could prevent an individual from eating unsafe items. The association of taste, color, and texture of different foods is important for safety reasons as it provides a base knowledge of safe foods. As some people with autism have problems communicating what they see, hear, touch, feel, or taste, the association of color, texture, and taste will promote healthy choices. Most of the research on tact acquisition has focused on visual stimuli. However, this study attempted to teach children to tact gustatory stimuli and evaluated the effects of instructive …
Implementation Of Behavior Skills Training Via Telehealth To Teach Pre-Session Pairing To Caregivers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Le-E Chin
Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to extend the literature on training procedures used in telehealth and extend the literature on caregiver training. This study utilized a multiple-baseline design to implement behavior skills training to teach pre-session pairing skills to 2 parents/caregivers in Malaysia via telehealth. This study also examined the cultural social validity of pre-session pairing as a preventative procedure in therapeutic settings outside of the United States. Results demonstrated that behavior skills training with an additional component of specific performance feedback was effective to train participants up to mastery criteria. Social validity results indicated an increase in positive interactions between parent/caregiver …
The Effects Of Training On Parent-Implemented Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessments Without Replacement, Marlene Hernandez Correa
The Effects Of Training On Parent-Implemented Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessments Without Replacement, Marlene Hernandez Correa
Theses and Dissertations
Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit restricted interests and communication deficits; hence, identifying potential reinforcers can be challenging. Using multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessments is a practical way for practitioners working with this population to identify potential reinforcers. Previous research has found that inexperienced staff can learn to implement preference assessments using enhanced instructions only (i.e., detailed written information, diagrams, and pictures) without needing feedback (Graff and Karsten, 2012b). However, researchers have yet to examine whether enhanced instructions alone impact other populations' repertoires, such as parents, similarly, or if this training is effective across cultures. Incorporating …
Algorithms For Algorithms: Teaching Problem-Solving In Computer Science, James Riswick-Estelle
Algorithms For Algorithms: Teaching Problem-Solving In Computer Science, James Riswick-Estelle
Theses and Dissertations
Increased demand from society for computer scientists and software engineers has placed considerable stress on university-based computer science and engineering programs. Given technology's central role in society, the education of those developing and maintaining that technology is critical. Behavior-based teaching methods may assist in addressing increased demand on universities and improve the quality of education they provide. The present study included two experiments of non-concurrent multiple baseline design. The experiments included 29 total participants to evaluate different algorithm-writing teaching methods at the undergraduate level. Algorithms describe a problem's key features and outline the step-by-step process required for solving that particular …
Increasing Transgender-Inclusive Behaviors Via Self-Monitoring, Abigail Kaylyn Petronelli
Increasing Transgender-Inclusive Behaviors Via Self-Monitoring, Abigail Kaylyn Petronelli
Theses and Dissertations
Within behavior analysis there is an increasing demand for research to create inclusive organizational cultures. To create a culture of inclusion, it is necessary to engage in inclusive behaviors towards individuals of varying race, gender, and sexual orientation. Despite the rising social demand and call for diversity in research, there are still few studies which apply an intervention to improve inclusive behaviors. One target of inclusive behaviors is proper pronoun use towards individuals who are transgender or gender non-conforming (TGNC). To date, there is only one published article regarding TGNC topics, which explored a TGNC-inclusive tool (Leland & Stockwell, 2019). …
The Effects Of A Process Analysis Diagnostic Tool On The Accuracy Of Identifying Process Level Disconnects, Vincent Alexander Bello
The Effects Of A Process Analysis Diagnostic Tool On The Accuracy Of Identifying Process Level Disconnects, Vincent Alexander Bello
Theses and Dissertations
Research in the area of Organizational Behavior management (OBM) has demonstrated the effectiveness of behavior analytic interventions on performance in workplace settings. Despite the utility of these procedures, functional assessments used to identify variables maintaining performance deficits have been underutilized and underreported in the OBM literature. Research on functional assessment has been particularly scarce in the area of behavioral systems analysis (BSA), a subfield of OBM that focuses on changing organizational performance through the individual, process, and organizational levels. Without empirical validation of preintervention assessment in BSA, it is unclear to what extent these assessments contribute to the effectiveness of …
Feedback And Social Comparison: The Effects Of Comparing One’S Performance To The Group, Ryan Joseph Walz
Feedback And Social Comparison: The Effects Of Comparing One’S Performance To The Group, Ryan Joseph Walz
Theses and Dissertations
Although feedback has been shown to improve performance, few studies have examined the effect of feedback containing information on peer performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of feedback on individual performance and feedback containing information on peer performance. Three participants were exposed to a no-feedback baseline condition, a standard individual feedback condition, and an individual feedback condition with information on the group’s average performance. The dependent variable was the rate of correct responses on a computer-based simulated work task. Withdrawal designs were used to evaluate the effect of the two types of feedback on performance. …
A Systematic Quantitative Review Of Effective Implementation Of Self-Monitoring (1983-2020), Mary Louise Lewis
A Systematic Quantitative Review Of Effective Implementation Of Self-Monitoring (1983-2020), Mary Louise Lewis
Theses and Dissertations
A systematic quantitative review was conducted to analyze articles using self-monitoring in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM) from 1983 to present. Specifically, the diversity of characteristics used when implementing a self-monitoring procedure were examined along with the effects produced in order to determine the most effective components of a self-monitoring intervention. Results indicate a combination of other interventions are used substantially more compared to self-monitoring as a sole intervention. Moreover, results from this particular sample of studies demonstrated that a combination of variables led to more consistent effects than when self-monitoring was applied as a sole intervention. However, …
Mathematics That Clarify Slope & Scale, Help Set Standards, And Improve Interrater Agreement On Time-Series Graphs, Chad Erick Liming Kinney
Mathematics That Clarify Slope & Scale, Help Set Standards, And Improve Interrater Agreement On Time-Series Graphs, Chad Erick Liming Kinney
Theses and Dissertations
This paper introduces new mathematic equations that clarify slope and scale and help overcome difficulties with visually interpreting slopes (or trends)--a significant culprit of poor interrater agreement (IRA) of graphed data. Three experiments tested applications of the equations and demonstrated the following results: (a) Graphic Variability Quotient (GVQ) manipulation strongly predicts viewer ratings (and accuracy) of behavior change, β = .895, R2 = .801, (b) mathematical standards that control the inherent variability in non-standard graphs can be empirically based (to facilitate reliable visual comparison), and (c) visual aids posted on graphs, such as angles of inclination and a simple slope …
Evaluating A Graduated Exposure Treatment To Teach Mask Tolerance Among Children With Autism, Hallie Marie Ertel
Evaluating A Graduated Exposure Treatment To Teach Mask Tolerance Among Children With Autism, Hallie Marie Ertel
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that everyone 2 years and older wear a mask while out in a community setting (CDC, 2020a). It is important for children to learn how to tolerate wearing a mask for long durations of time while out in the community. In the current study, which was comprised of 2 experiments, we implemented a graduated exposure procedure to teach mask wearing to 6 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of experiment 1 was to evaluate the efficacy of a graduated exposure procedure to teach mask tolerance …
Assessment And Function-Based Treatment Of Elopement In Children With Autism, Marissa Elizabeth Kamlowsky
Assessment And Function-Based Treatment Of Elopement In Children With Autism, Marissa Elizabeth Kamlowsky
Theses and Dissertations
Elopement is a dangerous behavior exhibited by some individuals with autism, and accurately identifying the function of elopement is important to develop successful treatments. Functional analyses for elopement have been developed to mimic contingencies appearing in the natural environment; however, some of these analyses are limited by the required retrieval component. The current study replicated previous research which used a latency-based functional analysis that eliminates the retrieval component in order to safely and more precisely identify the function of elopement. In addition, we extended previous latency-based research by evaluating a treatment to reduce elopement. Specifically, we evaluated latency-based functional analyses …
An Assessment Protocol For Tolerating Medical Procedures: Evaluating Operant And Physiological Behaviors, Ansley Catherine Hodges
An Assessment Protocol For Tolerating Medical Procedures: Evaluating Operant And Physiological Behaviors, Ansley Catherine Hodges
Theses and Dissertations
All individuals, regardless of age, race, gender, or diagnosis, must learn to tolerate and/or participate in routine medical procedures (e.g., wellness exams, dental cleaning, blood draws). For some individuals, tolerating medical procedures can be a particularly onerous task. Specifically, individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience more frequent difficulties with treatment adherence. With this population, a variety of techniques have been empirically demonstrated to increase cooperation with medical routines. However, no studies have reported changes in physiological behavior throughout training, and only a few studies have reported data on problem behavior. Several studies used graduated exposure or a hierarchy of the …
The Effects Of Exaggerated Social Comparison Feedback On Work Performance, Michael Patrick Cusick
The Effects Of Exaggerated Social Comparison Feedback On Work Performance, Michael Patrick Cusick
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exaggerated social comparison feedback on work performance in an analogue setting. Following their first 15-minute session working on a simulated money transfer task, participants in the two experimental conditions received objective feedback, but one group received rank feedback understating their performance, while the other group received overstated rank feedback. Participants then performed the task again to evaluate potential changes in performance based on this feedback. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to measure differences in the number of correctly completed money transfers, percent of correctly completed money transfers, …