Applied Behavior Analysis Commons^™

The Roles Of Set Size And Nonexample Type On Concept Formation, Catherine L. Williams, Claire C. St. Peter, Madeleine J. Murphy

Graduate Student Scholarship

Concept formation is demonstrated when a learner responds when new examples are presented (i.e., generalization) but not when new nonexamples are presented (i.e., discrimination). Gradually increasing the number of examples and nonexamples taught together (i.e., set-size expansion) promotes concept formation with nonhumans. Although set size impacts speed of acquisition with humans, concept formation has not been evaluated. Therefore, the primary purpose of the current study was to compare acquisition and concept formation during two procedures: set-size expansion and single set-size. College students were taught two biological concepts, one using set-size expansion and the other with the full …

How Media Impact Race Relations: Positive And Negative Historical Examples And Applied Psychological Principles, Sophia Nocera

Honors Theses

This thesis sought to examine how media influenced interracial relations in the 1920s and 1930s. It starts by defining necessary terms like media, race, racism, and stereotypes. Afterwards, studies which demonstrate that media reflect society are analyzed as well as studies which determine the extent of media influence on society. Media are the most influential on people who agree with the content provided and those who have no specific opinion on the issue at hand.

Next, psychological studies which determine the circumstances in which racist ideology is accepted the most are analyzed. This analysis determined that in-group versus out-group sentiments …

The Effects Of Transition Programs On The Return To The Community From Residential Juvenile Justice Placement, Lacey C. Ray

National Youth Advocacy and Resilience Conference

This presentation is literature review of 25 studies evaluating the transitional process from correctional placement into the community by youth ages 10-22. The review emphasizes the connections between engagement, service dosage, academic and vocational training and recidivism, and barriers to reentry with a focus on implications for practitioners.

Navigating Qualitative Assessments Of Chance: Quantifying Individual Perceptions Of Distinct Expressions, William G. Volante

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

Often, humans must rely on their innate ability to describe the perceived chance of an event occurring using qualitative phrases, rather than quantitative values. These qualitative phrases often lead to a spectrum of meaning across individuals. Our aim in this study was two-fold; first, to distinguish a quantitative spectrum for these qualitative phrases, and second, to determine which of these phrases produced the largest variance between individuals. Personal differences were also looked at to determine if personality may play a role in these variations.

Perceived Smoking Environment And Smoking Initiation Among Multi-Ethnic Urban Girls, Tracy R. Nichols, Amanda Birnbaum, Sara Birnel, Gilbert J. Botvin

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose

To examine associations between the perceived smoking environment and smoking initiation among urban multi-ethnic adolescent girls in New York City.

Methods

Self-report surveys completed in grades 7, 8, and 9 assessed girls’ (n = 858) smoking initiation, and perceived smoking environment (family smoking, friends’ smoking, smoking norms, and cigarette availability). Carbon monoxide breath samples were collected from girls using a variation of the bogus pipeline procedure.

Results

Differences were found in smoking prevalence with white girls reporting the highest prevalence of smoking at baseline and the greatest increase in smoking prevalence from seventh to eighth grade. Black girls reported …