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Articles 2011 - 2040 of 2705

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Educators' Attitudes Toward Outdoor Classrooms And The Cognitive Benefits In Children, Carlie Speedlin Dec 2010

Educators' Attitudes Toward Outdoor Classrooms And The Cognitive Benefits In Children, Carlie Speedlin

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

A case study was organized at a K-5 elementary school in Lincoln, Nebraksa. This school is Saratoga Elementary School and is a United States Title I Distinguished School1 under No Child Left Behind. It has a population of 266 students, with 47% being minority, 1% gifted, and 28% special education (LPS School Profile Brochure). 80% of the student population is eligible for free/reduced meals, implying that it’s a school with a lower socioeconomic status. At this school a garden space was constructed and an after school garden club was implemented for this case study. The club had been running since …

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The Association Between Person-Environment Fit And Organizational Commitment With The Moderator Of Personality., Too Meng Yong Dec 2010

The Association Between Person-Environment Fit And Organizational Commitment With The Moderator Of Personality., Too Meng Yong

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study seeks to investigate the association between Person – Environment (PE) Fit and the organizational commitment with the moderator of personality (Big Five). The study shows the personality of individual has influence towards organizational commitment. The participants of study were collected from various co-operatives located; the samples are not only consisting Malaysian who is working in Malaysia. It includes Malaysian who currently works abroad, and also foreigner who is presently worked in Malaysia (Indian, Vietnamese and Japanese). With sample size 183 participants (83 Male, 100 Female). The subjects completed the questionnaire that included 3 variables of PE fit, ‘Big …

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How Does Facebook Browsing Affect Self-Awareness And Social Well-Being: The Role Of Narcissism, Lin Qiu, Han Lin, Angela K. Y. Leung Nov 2010

How Does Facebook Browsing Affect Self-Awareness And Social Well-Being: The Role Of Narcissism, Lin Qiu, Han Lin, Angela K. Y. Leung

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Social networking sites such as Facebook have become extremely popular recently. In this research, we studied how Facebook browsing affects self-awareness and social well-being. Our results show that after Facebook browsing, individuals high in narcissism raised their public self-awareness while those low in narcissism reduced their public self-awareness. We also found that individuals low in narcissism perceived their friends' lives to be better than their own and consequently experienced negative social well-being and emotion. However, this effect did not occur for individuals high in narcissism.

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Ethical Dilemmas In Managed Mental Health Care, Kolina J. Delgado Oct 2010

Ethical Dilemmas In Managed Mental Health Care, Kolina J. Delgado

Psychology Student Publications

In the United States, health care has become a significant political, social, economical, and ethical concern. It is difficult to identify a professional or personal area of life that is not impacted in some way by health care. According to the United States Census Bureau (2010) approximately 255 million Americans were enrolled in some form of managed health care in 2009. The current paper describes the evolution of managed care, common practices in managed care, and ethical issues inherent to working in a managed mental health care system.

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Dual Diagnosis: Impact, Assessment, And Treatment In Co-Occurring Substance Abuse And Severe Mental Illness, Kolina J. Delgado Oct 2010

Dual Diagnosis: Impact, Assessment, And Treatment In Co-Occurring Substance Abuse And Severe Mental Illness, Kolina J. Delgado

Psychology Student Publications

Mental illness and substance use disorders individually comprise a challenging area of work for health care professionals. In combination, these issues create an even greater demand; a demand that many health care professionals find themselves ill prepared to address (McKeown, 2010). The prevalence rates of substance disorders and psychiatric disorders co-occurring in one person, a condition referred to as dual diagnosis, are astoundingly high.

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The Statistical Properties Of The Survivor Interaction Contrast, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend Oct 2010

The Statistical Properties Of The Survivor Interaction Contrast, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend

Psychology Faculty Publications

The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) is a powerful tool for assessing the architecture and stopping rule of a model of mental processes. Despite its demonstrated utility, the methodology has lacked a method for statistical testing until now. In this paper we briefly describe the SIC then develop some basic statistical properties of the measure. These developments lead to a statistical test for rejecting certain classes of models based on the SIC. We verify these tests using simulated data, then demonstrate their use on data from a simple cognitive task.

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Mental Health Intervention And Prevention Of Stategies For Emergency Service Personnel Facing Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Kathryn Cochran, C. Albert Bardi Sep 2010

Mental Health Intervention And Prevention Of Stategies For Emergency Service Personnel Facing Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Kathryn Cochran, C. Albert Bardi

Modern Psychological Studies

Emergency first responders are affected by second-hand exposure to trauma; they put themselves at risk for developing debilitating posttraumatic stress symptoms in the aftermath of a traumatic crisis. Empirical research is reviewed for successful mental health services for civil servants, such as police officers, firemen, and emergency medical technicians recovering from traumatic stress or sustaining a healthy mental state. This review investigates successful mental health intervention for emergency service personnel, such as Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD),concluding CJSD to be an effective intervention treatment among secondary victims of trauma. Effective traumatic stress prevention strategies …

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The Effects Of Caffeinated Vs. Placebo Beverage On Self-Reported Mood State In College Students, Sheena Williams, Jason King, Johnathan Hammersley Sep 2010

The Effects Of Caffeinated Vs. Placebo Beverage On Self-Reported Mood State In College Students, Sheena Williams, Jason King, Johnathan Hammersley

Modern Psychological Studies

Many people rely on caffeine because of its effects. The primary purpose of the current study was to measure the effects of caffeine on current mood state, the effects of caffeine on mood dependent upon time of questionnaire administration, how caffeine and mood interact to impact attention and distraction, and if this varied by gender. A Feeling State Questionnaire (FSQ) was taken by each of the 13 participants throughout the day, before and after the administration of a soft drink containing either caffeine or placebo; furthermore it was a within subjects design meaning that each of the participants received both …

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The Effects Of Situational Cues On Inducing Stress, Asma Mahood, Rebecca White Sep 2010

The Effects Of Situational Cues On Inducing Stress, Asma Mahood, Rebecca White

Modern Psychological Studies

The effect of situational cues on inducing and increasing state anxiety was investigated in this research experiment. 132 college students were asked to participate in the experiment. After completing a baseline stress questionnaire, a story was read out loud in three parts to the students about a party that involved underage drinking and other escalating stressors. After each part a short questionnaire was given to measure the impact on stress levels based on self-report. Previous research on the subject was conclusive in finding that presenting situational cues could influence state anxiety. An experiment involving positive and negative written scenarios evidenced …

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A Comparison Of The Response Topography Of Steady-State Versus Transient Verps To Global Form And Motion, Sophia Gray Sep 2010

A Comparison Of The Response Topography Of Steady-State Versus Transient Verps To Global Form And Motion, Sophia Gray

Modern Psychological Studies

Neurons in area VI are responsible for visual processing of the local properties of visual array while the lager receptive fields of extra-striate visual areas such as V4 and V.5 serve to process global representations. In adults, transitions in global coherence of both form and motion yield reliable visual event-related potentials (VERPs) with scalp distributions that are topographically distinct. Ten adult students at UCL participated in the current VERP study, which compared steady-state stimuli, which have rapid transitions between coherent and incoherent states, to transient stimuli, which have longer intervals between transitions, for both form and motion. Analysis of VERP …

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The Etiology Of Conduct Disorder And Its Relation To Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Literature Review, Lyndsi Maciow, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry Sep 2010

The Etiology Of Conduct Disorder And Its Relation To Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Literature Review, Lyndsi Maciow, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Modern Psychological Studies

Antisocial behavior enacts a heavy price on both the individual engaged in the behavior and the society in which he or she resides. Research has shown that among a subset of individuals antisocial behavior is fairly stable from childhood through early adulthood. This review article traces the hierarchical development of antisocial behavior from childhood Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) through the adult diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), with particular emphasis placed upon adolescent Conduct Disorder (CD). Possible environmental etiological factors of CD are discussed, the most notable being familial discord and low socioeconomic status. Potential biological etiological determinants of antisocial …

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Perceived Racism As A Predictor Of Depression And Cultural Mistrust, Erika L. Harrington, Madeline A. Fugere Sep 2010

Perceived Racism As A Predictor Of Depression And Cultural Mistrust, Erika L. Harrington, Madeline A. Fugere

Modern Psychological Studies

We examined the role of perceived racism as a predictor of depression and cultural mistrust in African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, and Caucasian students. Design: 65 university students of varying racial and ethnic backgrounds completed the Perceived Racism Scale, Beck Depression Inventory second edition, and Cultural Mistrust Inventory-Revised. Results: African Americans experienced the highest levels of perceived racism, followed by Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Caucasians. Higher levels of perceived racism were associated with increased cultural mistrust, while depression and mistrust varied with ethnic background. Further, high perceived racism was associated with increased cultural mistrust for African American and …

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Etiological And Gender Perspectives Of Anxiety Disorder Development, Erika L. Harrington, Jeffrey S. Danforth, Margaret Letterman Sep 2010

Etiological And Gender Perspectives Of Anxiety Disorder Development, Erika L. Harrington, Jeffrey S. Danforth, Margaret Letterman

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper presents a comprehensive, integrative review of research on the biological, environmental, and cognitive etiology of anxiety. Causes of generalized anxiety disorder, specific and social phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed, as is the role of gender in anxiety development. Biological research concerning genetic heritability, neurobiological structure, and neurotransmitter functioning are reviewed. Environmental factors such as aversive events, parental interactions, environmental control, and learning are discussed, followed by research on cognitive distortions, attribution style, attention biases, and catastrophic cognitions. The review finds evidence of an interaction between biological, environmental and cognitive variables, as well as a mediating …

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Working With Clay Reduces Anxiety Among College Students, Melissa Lindquist, Cynthia Turk Sep 2010

Working With Clay Reduces Anxiety Among College Students, Melissa Lindquist, Cynthia Turk

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the efficacy of an art therapy intervention (working with clay) on reducing anxiety. Forty-eight college students participated in small groups. Participants underwent a brief anxiety induction and were then randomly assigned to work with either a Rubik's cube or clay for 15 minutes. The two anxiety subscales were administered at baseline, after the anxiety induction, and after the intervention. The individuals in the clay condition experienced a significantly greater reduction in anxiety at post-intervention on both measures relative to the control condition. Possible explanations, clinical implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Front Matter Sep 2010

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

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Fostering Empathy In Children: A Literature Review And Proposal, Jennifer L. Hanson Sep 2010

Fostering Empathy In Children: A Literature Review And Proposal, Jennifer L. Hanson

Modern Psychological Studies

Empathy links separate beings together as it enhances interpersonal relationships and motivates justice and prosocial behavior. Therefore, it is beneficial to reflect upon how empathy is first instilled and enhanced, as well as how it is suppressed. With such information, strategies can be devised to foster empathy by means of structured guidance. The experience of empathy involves both cognitive precursors and affective experiences that allow the observer to become involved in the complex, emotional, inner-world of the subject. Moreover the observer's expression of empathy and an individual's feelings of concern for the subject can be prompted or inhibited by a …

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Sociocultural Attitudes And Expectations As A Result Of Media Internalization: An Exploration Of Potential Cultural Resiliency Factors Among Mexican-American College Women, Natalie Marie Perez Aug 2010

Sociocultural Attitudes And Expectations As A Result Of Media Internalization: An Exploration Of Potential Cultural Resiliency Factors Among Mexican-American College Women, Natalie Marie Perez

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This study involved a final sample of 153 Mexican-American college women who viewed photos of models who exemplify the thin ideal and models who are considered average and overweight according to society’s standards of beauty. The order of the photos was manipulated to determine if subjection to the thin ideal would negatively affect body satisfaction and or affect how the participants judged the models who did not meet the thin ideal. Manipulation did not negatively affect how participants judged the average and overweight models. In addition, upon manipulation, both groups rated themselves as heavier despite group assignment. Finally, acculturation level …

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The Occurrence Of Child Maltreatment And Revictimization Among Hispanic Women, Eleni Isis Escorza Aug 2010

The Occurrence Of Child Maltreatment And Revictimization Among Hispanic Women, Eleni Isis Escorza

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The current study examines the prevalence rates of child multi-type maltreatment and adult revictimization among Hispanic women who have witnessed domestic violence and/or experienced sexual abuse or physical abuse as children. A sample of two hundred-forty-three undergraduate, Hispanic, female students completed measures of events occurring in childhood and adulthood, sexual experiences, substance use, acculturation status, and family characteristics. The results indicate that experiencing multiple forms of child abuse is fairly common, especially for women who report a history of child abuse. The results also suggest that experience of abuse as a child is significantly associated with experiencing physical or sexual …

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Gender Differences In Advanced Theory Of Mind And Social Competence Among School-Age Children, Cheryl A. Barton Aug 2010

Gender Differences In Advanced Theory Of Mind And Social Competence Among School-Age Children, Cheryl A. Barton

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The present study explored gender differences in the development of theory of mind (ToM) and social competence among school-age children. It was hypothesized that children’s ToM ability related to their social competence. Children, ages 6 to 12-years (N=62; 38 girls, 24 boys) were administered 12 advanced ToM stories and a language assessment. Parents and teachers evaluated the children’s social skills (N=70; 40 girls, 30 boys), - using a 23 item social competence inventory which consisted of positive behaviors and two forms of negative behaviors: relational aggression and overt hostility. Results indicated positive associations between children’s ToM ability and positive social …

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The 71f Advantage: Applying Army Research Psychology For Health And Performance Gains, Paul T. Bartone, Ross H. Pastel, Mark A. Vaitkus Aug 2010

The 71f Advantage: Applying Army Research Psychology For Health And Performance Gains, Paul T. Bartone, Ross H. Pastel, Mark A. Vaitkus

Books

This book grew out of paper presentations and discussions at the Army Research Psychology Biennial Conference held April 24–25, 2008, in Bethesda, Maryland. It provides a snapshot of groundbreaking research currently being done by Army research psychologists around the globe. The book illuminates the many contributions of Army research psychologists to supporting Soldiers and their families, as well as enhancing their performance and wellbeing.

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Levinas, Meaning, And Philosophy Of Social Science: From Ethical Metaphysics To Ontology And Epistemology, Samuel David Downs Jul 2010

Levinas, Meaning, And Philosophy Of Social Science: From Ethical Metaphysics To Ontology And Epistemology, Samuel David Downs

Theses and Dissertations

The current approach to science for mainstream psychology relies on the philosophical foundation of positivism that cannot account for meaning as humans experience it. Phenomenology provides an alternative scientific approach in which meaning is constituted by acting toward objects in the world that is more consistent with how humans experience meaning. Immanuel Levinas argues that the phenomenological approach, while more consistent with human experience, does not provide a grounding for meaning. Rather, Levinas argues that meaning is grounded in the ethical encounter with the Other, or other person, such that meaning is given by the Other in rupture. For Levinas, …

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An Exploration Of The Relationship Among Online Social Network Usage, Intimacy, Social Comparison Tendencies, And Relationship Satisfaction, Matthew Hand Jul 2010

An Exploration Of The Relationship Among Online Social Network Usage, Intimacy, Social Comparison Tendencies, And Relationship Satisfaction, Matthew Hand

Doctoral Dissertations

The popularity of online social networks prompts an examination of the effects these websites have on intimate relationships. While these networks have received a considerable amount of attention in mainstream media, peer-reviewed research examining the effects these websites have on users is sparse. By their very nature, online social networks involve the creation and maintenance of interpersonal relationships. As such, the effect of these networks on relationships may be profound and with the paucity of research on the topic, the relationship between online social networks and interpersonal relationships is an important area of study. The present study sought to examine …

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Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Through High Involvement Human Resource Practices And Organizational Justice Among Hotel Frontline Employees In Malaysia : An Attempt To Reduce Turnover Intention., Wee Yu Ghee Jul 2010

Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Through High Involvement Human Resource Practices And Organizational Justice Among Hotel Frontline Employees In Malaysia : An Attempt To Reduce Turnover Intention., Wee Yu Ghee

Student Works (2010-2019)

Acknowledging the need to pool human capital in the light of strong relational infrastructure so as to increase employees retention, this study examines the possibility of inducing organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) through human resource (HR) philosophy embraced by the organizations, high involvement HR practices and organizational justice administered at the workplace. Two bases which form the relational infrastructure, namely leader-member exchange and trust in supervisor are posited to be potential mediators. Based on the social exchange theory, an integrated model with three sets of predicting variables (human resource philosophy, high involvement human resource practices and organization justice), two mediating variables …

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The Hours – A Film To Enhance Teaching Psychology, Christina J. Taylor Jul 2010

The Hours – A Film To Enhance Teaching Psychology, Christina J. Taylor

Psychology Faculty Publications

Hollywood films provide a rich and engaging means for teaching students about psychological topics. The Hours is an especially noteworthy film because of the wide range of psychological issues touched upon, including mental illness, gender roles, families, chronic illness, bereavement, caregiving, sexuality, and sexual orientation. Analysis of the film in this paper provides instructors of courses in psychology, social work, nursing, medicine, women's studies, and related courses, with suggestions for how this compelling film can help students develop in their understanding of human psychology. Demonstrates the pedagogical value of using the feature film to learn about psychological topics, and its …

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Psychologists Gone Wild: The Politics Of Scientific Psychology, Ibpp Editor Jun 2010

Psychologists Gone Wild: The Politics Of Scientific Psychology, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

With power on the line in science, one should expect controversy beyond the substantive. In scientific psychology—whether discovering human nature or discovering what can be said about it—the search for the what of human nature becomes a mask for human nature.

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Behavioral Consequences Of Nmda Antagonist-Induced Neuroapoptosis In The Infant Mouse Brain, George T. Taylor, Carla M. Yuede, David F. Wozniak, John W. Olney Jun 2010

Behavioral Consequences Of Nmda Antagonist-Induced Neuroapoptosis In The Infant Mouse Brain, George T. Taylor, Carla M. Yuede, David F. Wozniak, John W. Olney

Psychology Faculty Works

Background: Exposure to NMDA glutamate antagonists during the brain growth spurt period causes widespread neuroapoptosis in the rodent brain. This period in rodents occurs during the first two weeks after birth, and corresponds to the third trimester of pregnancy and several years after birth in humans. The developing human brain may be exposed to NMDA antagonists through drug-abusing mothers or through anesthesia. Methodology/Principal Findings: We evaluated the long-term neurobehavioral effects of mice exposed to a single dose of the NMDA antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), or saline, on postnatal day 2 (P2) or P7, or on both P2 and P7. PCP treatment …

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Assessing Perfectionism And Coping In Athletes, Kirsten Hengstler May 2010

Assessing Perfectionism And Coping In Athletes, Kirsten Hengstler

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

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3rd Grade Bullying Assessment, Jenna Moschetto May 2010

3rd Grade Bullying Assessment, Jenna Moschetto

Senior Honors Projects

In the present study the sensitivity of violence of 3rd graders (N=106) was examined. Seven classes from two schools in different districts received a bullying questionnaire. Children scores on the questionnaire were analyzed through a coding system. Gender differences were found within the sensitivity of violence. Also, sensitivity scales were made in regards to each school district. Where bullying takes place in the school was also found.

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The Role Of Memory And Eye Witness Testimony, Angela Lang May 2010

The Role Of Memory And Eye Witness Testimony, Angela Lang

Senior Honors Projects

The role of eye witness testimony has drastically changed over the years and courts now rely more heavily on DNA evidence for conviction. Before the emergence of DNA evidence, convictions relied heavily on eye witness testimony however, there have been many individuals exonerated by DNA who were convicted mainly due to an eye witness testimony against them. Currently, in the United States, there have been 235 people exonerated by DNA evidence and more than three quarters of those exonerated were convicted because of an eye witness account against them. Clearly, there are some discrepancies between what these witnesses thought they …

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A Study Of The Effectiveness Of A Pilot Training Program In An Organizational Setting: An Intervention For Work Engagement, John Joseph Kmiec Jr. May 2010

A Study Of The Effectiveness Of A Pilot Training Program In An Organizational Setting: An Intervention For Work Engagement, John Joseph Kmiec Jr.

Dissertations

This study measured the effects of a learning intervention designed to enhance the capabilities of immediate managers to increase the level of work engagement in line employees at a small manufacturing firm in south Mississippi. The study answered the call of researchers to investigate the impact of innovative management practices on work engagement (Bakker, Schaufeli, Leiter, & Taris, 2008). The firm’s Production business unit managers participated in a 90-day learning program based on five skills outlined by Flagello and Dugas (2009); the Maintenance business unit managers did not participate in the learning. At three intervals during the intervention, the researcher …

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