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Articles 1801 - 1830 of 2705
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
A Moralist In An Age Of Scientific Analysis And Skepticism: Habit In The Life And Work Of William James, David E. Leary
A Moralist In An Age Of Scientific Analysis And Skepticism: Habit In The Life And Work Of William James, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
In this chapter I will review how James got from his earlier position, which so readily fit the scientific and skeptical tenor of his age, to his later position, and I will indicate how the views he began to articulate by the mid-1870s became central to the doctrines he presented in his magisterial Principles of Psychology (1890) and in his subsequent work in psychology and philosophy. Along the way I will make it clear that even before 1872, when he was attending lectures and doing physiological research in Harvard's Medical School, James was a deeply engaged advocate of philosophy, which …
The Prevalence Of Burnout Among Chiropractic Practitioners, Shawn P. Williams
The Prevalence Of Burnout Among Chiropractic Practitioners, Shawn P. Williams
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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The Limited Effects Of Rem Sleep Deprivation On The Acquisition, Extinction, And Reinstatement Of A Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place, Christopher J. Cagna
The Limited Effects Of Rem Sleep Deprivation On The Acquisition, Extinction, And Reinstatement Of A Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place, Christopher J. Cagna
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Social Identity And Academic Belonging: Creating Environments To Minimize The Achievement Gap Among African American And Latino Students, Joanne C. Skourletos, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Evelyn A. Carter
Social Identity And Academic Belonging: Creating Environments To Minimize The Achievement Gap Among African American And Latino Students, Joanne C. Skourletos, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Evelyn A. Carter
Modern Psychological Studies
Stereotype threat is a highly evident phenomenon that has been used to explain why minority groups underperform in academics compared to Caucasians (Steele, 1997; Steele, Spencer, & Aronson, 2002). This study examined whether an induced feeling of belonging (via information about potential), either in the academic or social domain, can attenuate the effects of stereotype threat on the academic performance of African Americans and Latinos. Results suggest that minority students who are told they have either academic potential or are not told any information about potential (i.e., control condition) perform similarly on an IQ test. However, when minority students are …
The Effects Of Emerging Adulthood On Stress And Depression, Christine Cusack, Christopher Merchant
The Effects Of Emerging Adulthood On Stress And Depression, Christine Cusack, Christopher Merchant
Modern Psychological Studies
Many historical theories of development have evolved based on the premise that a person's identity is formed during adolescence. Upon reaching the age of 18, that person is identified as an adult and expected to have achieved a healthy identity. More recent studies suggest that a person continues to develop their identity well into their twenties. This age range is characterized by constant change, instability, and exposure to life stress events. Additional data shows that some people in this cohort do not consider themselves to be an adult, a se if-classification that creates stress and decreased mental health. Researchers are …
Attention Deficit Disorder In Adults, Nutritional Deficiencies, And The Treatments Available: A Literature Review, Emilee S. Manthey
Attention Deficit Disorder In Adults, Nutritional Deficiencies, And The Treatments Available: A Literature Review, Emilee S. Manthey
Modern Psychological Studies
The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in adults has steadily increased within the past decade. However, very few people are aware they have this disorder. Those with ADHD have higher divorce rates, school dropout rates, job termination, car accidents, and higher rates of substance abuse and alcohol dependence (Kates, 2005; Tcheremissine & Lieving, 2009). A high comorbidity rate with ADHD, anxiety, and depression has been found. This literature review includes the significant nutritional deficiencies such as neurotransmitters, trace minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and several B vitamins which are found in people with ADHD, and a description of the …
Distress Tolerance And Mental Health Outcomes, Carrie A. Stemke
Distress Tolerance And Mental Health Outcomes, Carrie A. Stemke
Modern Psychological Studies
This literature review has compiled research on two related subjects: the construct of distress tolerance and the treatment of mental health issues for which low distress tolerance is an underlying factor. The purpose of this work is to not only examine a central mechanism in the onset and maintenance of select psychopathologies, but also to examine ways in which treatment focused on raising an individual's distress tolerance can help in symptom reduction. This review also proposes that a better understanding of stress and an individual's reaction to it can lead to both more effective treatment and towards the future fulfillment …
The Effects Of The Cold Pressor Task On Memory Recall, Hayden Lemer
The Effects Of The Cold Pressor Task On Memory Recall, Hayden Lemer
Modern Psychological Studies
Neurotransmitters that are released in response to stress can disrupt the prefrontal cortex creating an impairing effect on attentional processes leading to a hindering of memory recall (Arnsten, 2009). Participants were taken from an Intro to Psychology course from a small liberal arts college in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Participants immersed their hand in either ice-cold or warm water while listening to 20 nouns. In this present study, participants showed memory recall impairment after they received stress induced from the cold pressor task only during learning, and after a short delay consisting of a short distracter math test.
Childhood Poly-Victimization And Perceived Family Environment, Stephanie K. Gusler, Ann N. Elliott, Jefferey E. Aspelmeier, Thomas W. Pierce
Childhood Poly-Victimization And Perceived Family Environment, Stephanie K. Gusler, Ann N. Elliott, Jefferey E. Aspelmeier, Thomas W. Pierce
Modern Psychological Studies
There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the necessity of examining multiple victimizations when studying childhood victimization histories. Several studies have found poly-victimization (i.e., high cumulative levels of victimization) common in non-clinical samples and associated with greater trauma symptomatology than experiencing a single type of victimization (Finkelhor, Ormrod, & Turner, 2007; Richmond, Elliott, Pierce, Aspelmeier, & Alexander, 2009; Saunders, 2003). This study examined the relative contribution of six different categories of childhood victimization and poly-victimization in predicting the Conflict and Cohesion subscale scores of the Family Environment Scale (FES). In a sample of 330 female college undergraduates, the results …
The Effects Of Candidate Religiosity And Candidate Secularism On Voters' Support For The Political Candidate, Nathanael Gratias Sumaktoyo
The Effects Of Candidate Religiosity And Candidate Secularism On Voters' Support For The Political Candidate, Nathanael Gratias Sumaktoyo
Master's Theses
This study examines the effects of candidate religiosity, candidate secularism, and voter fundamentalism on voters' support for a political candidate. Seven effects were tested: 1) the religiosity effect, which suggests that a religious candidate will be supported more than a nonreligious candidate; 2) the secularism effect, which suggests that a secular candidate will be supported more than a nonsecular candidate; 3) the JFK effect, which suggests that a secular religious candidate will be supported more than a nonsecular religious candidate; 4) the deviant effect--an opposite of the JFK effect--, which suggests that a secular religious candidate constitutes a group deviant, …
The Effect Of Context On The Evaluation Of Obese Vs. Average-Weight Children As A Function Of Antifat Attitude, Stephanie Mcshane
The Effect Of Context On The Evaluation Of Obese Vs. Average-Weight Children As A Function Of Antifat Attitude, Stephanie Mcshane
Senior Independent Study Theses
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Trait-Anxiety On Young Children's Facial And Vocal Emotion Recognition And Attention, Sarah Marie Huttie
The Effects Of Trait-Anxiety On Young Children's Facial And Vocal Emotion Recognition And Attention, Sarah Marie Huttie
Senior Independent Study Theses
No abstract provided.
The Call Of The Wild (And The Caged): The Impact Of A Zoo's Exhibition Styles On The Attitudes Of Its Human Visitors, Erin S. Behn
The Call Of The Wild (And The Caged): The Impact Of A Zoo's Exhibition Styles On The Attitudes Of Its Human Visitors, Erin S. Behn
Senior Independent Study Theses
No abstract provided.
Emerging Forms Of Awareness About Forgiveness: An Analysis Of What High Profile Leaders Think, Stephen Bauman
Emerging Forms Of Awareness About Forgiveness: An Analysis Of What High Profile Leaders Think, Stephen Bauman
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
Over the last several decades forgiveness research has exploded across a wide array of scholarly disciplines from psychology and sociology to political theory, medicine and the arts, but it has not yet captured the full attention of researchers concerned specifically with leadership. This situation is further complicated by the lack of an agreed-upon definition/understanding of forgiveness both within and across disciplines. This study explores what high profile leaders think about forgiveness and begins to fill the gap in leadership studies concerning the meanings and applications of forgiveness among leaders. Data was gathered through responsive interviewing of 13 high profile leaders …
Correlates Of Life Satisfaction And Acculturation Among University Students, Carrie D. Morrison, Susan E. Mason
Correlates Of Life Satisfaction And Acculturation Among University Students, Carrie D. Morrison, Susan E. Mason
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study compared correlations between life satisfaction, acculturation, socioeconomic status, and social support for students born in the United States and for students not born in the United States. Acculturation scores differed significantly between American-born and foreign born participants, while life satisfaction scores did not, indicating that living in a new country is not necessarily a negative experience for college-age students. Furthermore, acculturation to the host culture, that is, American culture, was found to correlate with life satisfaction among American-born students, and socioeconomic status correlated with acculturation for both groups. We recommend that future acculturation research control for socioeconomic …
Single Parenting: Fewer Negative Effects Of Children's Behaviors Than Claimed, Dominic Schmuck
Single Parenting: Fewer Negative Effects Of Children's Behaviors Than Claimed, Dominic Schmuck
Modern Psychological Studies
In this literature review, research on single parenting is examined. Current research heavily correlates single parenting with internalized and externalized behavioral problems in children. After broader investigation it appears traumatizing events (e.g. divorce, separation) display a confounding variable which is not given adequate significance in research on single parenting. Reviewed research in which early childhood differences in children raised by dual-, or single parents were controlled for has not found behavioral differences between these two groups. In this article, research on adopted children has also been examined. Adopted children taken care off by single-, or dual parents do not show …
Building Group Resilience: A Three-Day Curriculum, Andrew Willis Garcés
Building Group Resilience: A Three-Day Curriculum, Andrew Willis Garcés
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
Social change organizations are often exposed to stress and disruptive, potentially traumatic events. Despite this, few such groups invest time into actively cultivating resilience practices. Likewise, most existing resilience promotion initiatives are designed for use with individuals, not organizations, and lack the experience-based pedagogical approach necessary to interest many social change activists. This curriculum intervention provides a needed bridge between social change activism and resilience promotion theory. Designed as a three-day workshop, it can be used with entire organizations to support both self-awareness of their existing strengths and the development of new protective measures to boost collective resilience.
The Effects Of Replacing Dispersed Trash And Recycling Bins With Integrated Waste Receptacles On The Accuracy Of Waste Sorting In An Academic Building, Katherine J. Binder
The Effects Of Replacing Dispersed Trash And Recycling Bins With Integrated Waste Receptacles On The Accuracy Of Waste Sorting In An Academic Building, Katherine J. Binder
Masters Theses
Numerous researchers and theorists have attempted to explain the existence of the gap between the possession of environmental knowledge and awareness and the display of pro-environmental behavior (Glasser, 2007; Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002). Behavior analysis is uniquely aligned to contribute to this discussion through its emphasis on the role of controlling variables in behavior change. A growing number of behavioral research studies address the challenges of group-contingencies in an effort to solve real-world gaps (Lehman & Geller, 2004). This study was designed as a continuation of the line of behavioral research designed to increase recycling rates and also as an …
Increasing Positive Interactions Between Staff And Individuals With Disabilities: The Impact Of Training On Acquisition And Maintenance, Kimberly Anne Martell
Increasing Positive Interactions Between Staff And Individuals With Disabilities: The Impact Of Training On Acquisition And Maintenance, Kimberly Anne Martell
Dissertations
The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of direct training to increase the rate of positive interactions between direct care staff (DCS) and individuals with developmental disabilities who reside in intermediate care facilities. Specifically, this study evaluated whether real-time prompts delivered via a one-way radio would result in immediate and sustained increases in rates of DCS positive interactions. Additionally, this study evaluated the link between increased rates of DCS positive interactions and concomitant decreases in residents’ challenging behaviors. A multiple baseline design across participants was implemented to assess DCS rates of positive and negative interactions. …
Can Psychopathic Traits Contribute To Success In Adolescence? Relations Between Boldness, Meanness, Disinhibition, And Adaptive Functioning, Matthew David Guelker
Can Psychopathic Traits Contribute To Success In Adolescence? Relations Between Boldness, Meanness, Disinhibition, And Adaptive Functioning, Matthew David Guelker
Dissertations
Psychopathy, though frequently couched as a distinctive set of traits with violent and aggressive behavioral consequences (i.e., Hart, Kropp, & Hare, 1988; McCord & McCord, 1964; Millon & Davis, 1998), was presented in one of the original conceptualizations as a set of specific traits (i.e., emotional unresponsiveness and behavioral deviance) that could manifest as charm, confidence, and social dominance without resulting in criminality and aggression (Cleckley, 1941, 1988). More recently, Patrick, Fowles, and Krueger (2009) developed the Triarchic Conceptualization of psychopathy that differentiates underlying components of psychopathy into boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The factor structure of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure …
Evidence Of Olfactory And Visual Learning In The Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), Dara G. Stockton
Evidence Of Olfactory And Visual Learning In The Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), Dara G. Stockton
Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA
Investigation of the mechanisms underlying learning and memory can be achieved through research on neurobiologically simplified invertebrate species. As such, insects have been used for decades as ideal models of olfactory learning. The current study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of chemosensory attraction in an invasive insect, Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), through manipulation of olfactory stimuli. After classical conditioning to a non-innate cue (vanilla extract), psyllids displayed enhanced feeding behavior. There was, however, an inverse relationship between olfactory “noise” and feeding behavior. Preliminary data suggests ACP may also be visual learners, as evidenced by trials attempting to …
The Relationship Of Peer Acceptance, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, And Appearance Among Preschoolers, Kora Klaire Stuffelbeam
The Relationship Of Peer Acceptance, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, And Appearance Among Preschoolers, Kora Klaire Stuffelbeam
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine preschool children's acceptance of peers. The term peer acceptance is defined as "the degree a child is Socially accepted or rejected by his or her peer group." Johnson et al. (2002) found children between the ages of three and five were able to develop friendships and Social skills that would impact their acceptance among peers. The study determined if children based their choice of peers according to a child's age, gender, ethnicity, appearance, and/or Social skills. The subjects of this study were 31 children whose ages were three-, four-, and five-years-old who …
The Prevalence And Correlates Of Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, And Burnout Among Teachers Working In High-Poverty Urban Public Schools, Shannon Abraham-Cook
The Prevalence And Correlates Of Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, And Burnout Among Teachers Working In High-Poverty Urban Public Schools, Shannon Abraham-Cook
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Modifying Moral Dilemma Judgments: How The Priming Of Moral Rules Modifies Responses To Moral Dilemmas, Warren Brandan Scott
Modifying Moral Dilemma Judgments: How The Priming Of Moral Rules Modifies Responses To Moral Dilemmas, Warren Brandan Scott
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Forging The Link: The Role Of Photographs And Textual Self-Disclosure On Forming Facebook Friendships, Kevin Andrew Specter
Forging The Link: The Role Of Photographs And Textual Self-Disclosure On Forming Facebook Friendships, Kevin Andrew Specter
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Sudden, Unexpected Divorce: A Family Systems Perspective On The Meanings Parents Make Of The Event, Geraldine Mary Kerr
Sudden, Unexpected Divorce: A Family Systems Perspective On The Meanings Parents Make Of The Event, Geraldine Mary Kerr
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Practitioner Responses To Dsm Categorization Of Hoarding, Megan Martins, Valerie Smith
Practitioner Responses To Dsm Categorization Of Hoarding, Megan Martins, Valerie Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
The Obsessive Compulsive Disorder subtype, Hoarding, is a growing topic of interest in the field of Psychology. Many researchers have debated over whether Hoarding should be categorized as a subtype of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or as its own separate disorder because of the insufficient research on Hoarding. This study sought to find out what other licensed psychologists' opinions were on the debate. Twenty one females and eight males participated in a survey that consisted of questions covering three domains: attachment, beliefs, and decision-making. This survey also included an essay question which the participants may elaborate further on what their opinions …
Self And Peer-Ratings Of Self-Esteem And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Laboratory Stressors In Cadets, Samantha D. Price, Kaitlin M. Harrison, Alex D. Green, Keith A. Kline
Self And Peer-Ratings Of Self-Esteem And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Laboratory Stressors In Cadets, Samantha D. Price, Kaitlin M. Harrison, Alex D. Green, Keith A. Kline
Modern Psychological Studies
Past research has indicated that self-esteem has multiple dimensions. It has been suggested that defensive high self-esteem makes one vulnerable to ego-threat and might be reflected in discrepancies between peer- and self-ratings. The purpose of this study was to observe how self- and peer-rated self-esteem affect cardiovascular reactivity to ego-threatening stressors (cold pressor and toughness-challenging interview) in nineteen military college cadets. High/low groups of self-esteem were formed based on peer- and self-ratings. Cadets in the low self-rating group showed evidence of a mixed (myocardial and vascular) response; cadets in the high peer-rating group showed higher myocardial and lower vascular reactivity. …
None For The Money: How We Actually Make Monetary Decisions: A Literature Review, Michael C. Mullarkey, Scott Parker
None For The Money: How We Actually Make Monetary Decisions: A Literature Review, Michael C. Mullarkey, Scott Parker
Modern Psychological Studies
Often, critics of academic scholarship point to the failure of academic findings translating to practical applications. This paper tackles an issue that most people deal with every single day, how to make smart decisions with their money. The literature scrutinizing the psychology of monetary decisions is vast. However, in a literature so comprehensive it can be easy to miss the forest for all the trees. By returning primarily to two authors who did much of the foundational research on the subject and expanding upon their work, this paper examines the overwhelming prevalence, causes, and future implications of irrational monetary decision …
The Difficulties Of Psychologcal Adjustment For Female Rape Victims: A Literature Review, Jackie Castille, Carolyn Barry
The Difficulties Of Psychologcal Adjustment For Female Rape Victims: A Literature Review, Jackie Castille, Carolyn Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
In this literature review we explore the various factors that can affect how well college-aged female rape victims adjust psychologically following a rape incident. Such factors include the following: how a victim cognitively labels the incident (i.e., as rape or something else); society's reaction to the victim's story, and subsequent identification of the victim as stigmatized or not; the prevalence of rape myths that impact stigmatization; and the presence of a support system in the form of friends who are willing to listen receptively to the victim. These factors together affect how well a victim is able to adjust psychologically …