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Articles 1381 - 1410 of 2708

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Psychopathology And Crime Causation: Insanity Or Excuse?, Meagan Cline Jan 2016

Psychopathology And Crime Causation: Insanity Or Excuse?, Meagan Cline

Fidei et Veritatis: The Liberty University Journal of Graduate Research

One of the most controversial topics in the criminal justice industry is the "insanity defense" and its applicability or validity in prosecuting criminal cases. The purpose of this assignment is to identify and discuss psychopathology and crime causation in terms of mental illness, research, and the insanity defense. For this evaluation, information was gathered from scholarly research, textbooks, dictionaries, and published literature. These sources were then carefully reviewed and applied to the evaluation in a concise, yet informative, manner. This assignment also addresses some of the key terms in psychopathology and crime causation, including various theories, definitions, and less commonly …

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Child Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence, And Resiliency In Incarcerated Women: Attachment As A Ptsd Moderator, Cassandra Groth Jan 2016

Child Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence, And Resiliency In Incarcerated Women: Attachment As A Ptsd Moderator, Cassandra Groth

Theses and Dissertations

Child abuse (CA) is an epidemic that often leads to mental health outcomes including increased vulnerability to future victimization and intimate partner violence (IPV) (Briere & Elliot, 2003). The purpose of this study was to determine if CA would have more of a psychological impact on IPV survivors who had experienced CA than those who had not. Another purpose of this study was to evaluate secure attachment as a form of resiliency and insecure attachment as a risk factor for developing post-traumatic stress. It was hypothesized that incarcerated female survivors of IPV would have a significantly higher proportion of CA …

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An Exploration Of Parenting Styles, Emotion Regulation, Depression, And Culture's Role, Krysten L. Monzon Jan 2016

An Exploration Of Parenting Styles, Emotion Regulation, Depression, And Culture's Role, Krysten L. Monzon

ETD Archive

The present research examined whether cultural background had an effect on depressive symptoms through parenting style and emotion regulation strategies. Recent literature suggests that parenting styles differ across cultures, thus leading to different levels of depressive symptoms as a result differences of parenting styles aligning with cultural values. Additionally, it is suggested that some emotion regulation strategies are harmful in western cultures, but are not in collectivistic culture. Lastly, it is suggested that certain parenting techniques foster both harmful and helpful emotion regulation strategies. Participants (N=83) completed measures of PAQ (Parental Authority Questionnaire), ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), and CES-D (Center …

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Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (Rsa) In Adults With Possible Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) Symptoms, Arielle Bowers Jan 2016

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (Rsa) In Adults With Possible Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) Symptoms, Arielle Bowers

ETD Archive

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disorders, which are becoming a major health concern within the US. According to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) an ASD includes the following features: continuous impairments associated with social communicative and interactive skills, replication of specific, patterned behaviors and/or attentiveness to specific interests. Recent psychophysiological research has looked at how high and low respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) activity may be related to a lack of social communicative skills relating to social cognition, which are hallmark features of individuals who have been …

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The Effects Of Cognitive Load On The Perception Of Foreign-Accented Words, Leah M. Bonath Jan 2016

The Effects Of Cognitive Load On The Perception Of Foreign-Accented Words, Leah M. Bonath

ETD Archive

A significant amount of the research conducted in the area of foreign-accented speech has examined the influence that intelligibility, comprehensibility, and strength of accent have on the perception of foreign-accented speech. Factors such as speaking rate, signal-to-noise ratio, number of talkers, familiarity with the foreign-accent and, most relevant to the present study, cognitive load all play a role in how accented speech is perceived. In the current study, we explored the inverse of this relationship. We hypothesized that degree of cognitive load would affect participants’ accent ratings. The purpose of this research was to evaluate two competing hypotheses. According to …

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Investigating The Role Of Open Bigrams In Visual Word Perception, Amy M. Palinski Jan 2016

Investigating The Role Of Open Bigrams In Visual Word Perception, Amy M. Palinski

ETD Archive

Many models of word identification suppose a hierarchical system in which units at increasing levels respond to features, letters, letter combinations, and words. Some models suppose units responsive to bigrams—letter pairs—that may not be adjacent in a letter-string stimulus. In such a model, a stimulus such as BIRD would activate, at the bigram level, bigrams representing adjacent letters BI, IR, and RD, and also bigrams representing nonadjacent letters BR and ID. Grainger, Mathot, and Vitu (2014) reported an experiment in which strings to be classified as words or pseudowords were flanked by bigrams from the target string or not; for …

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Attitudes Toward Complementary And Alternative Medicine, Miranda Lea Cobb Jan 2016

Attitudes Toward Complementary And Alternative Medicine, Miranda Lea Cobb

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) usage has increased throughout the years, as many people are becoming interested in using less conventional interventions for common illnesses. As a whole, CAM encompasses any practice used to treat an illness or disorder that does not fall under the category of traditional medicine. CAM interventions not only treat the physical aspects of health, but as clinicians are beginning to realize, these interventions may also be effective in treating psychological problems, most notably anxiety and depression. This research focused on attitudes toward CAM for psychological disorders. I examined participants’ attitudes about the use of CAM …

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Bibliometic Analysis Of Reading Research In Deaf Education Journals, Lisha Ann Tignor Jan 2016

Bibliometic Analysis Of Reading Research In Deaf Education Journals, Lisha Ann Tignor

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

There are known differences in reading development between DHH and hearing populations, but there is limited research in the field of reading development in DHH populations. The aim of this study is to use bibliometric analysis to examine two major journal outlets focused on the advancement of the education of children and adults who are DHH to determine 1) the extent to which the peer-reviewed literature focuses on reading instruction and its five elements; 2) the most influential authors being cited in this area of research; 3) the age of the research being cited; 4) the influence of related disciplines …

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Defining A Role For Affect In Decision-Making, Pareezad Cyrus Zarolia Jan 2016

Defining A Role For Affect In Decision-Making, Pareezad Cyrus Zarolia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent theories of decision-making have hinted that affect might be useful during some decision-making processes. I propose a model, the affective evaluation model, which defines the role of affect in decision-making as helpful when affect is decision-relevant and unhelpful when it is not. In three studies, I manipulate the decision-relevance of affect to test this central component of the affective evaluation model. Study 1 demonstrates that emphasizing decision-relevant affective signals facilitates optimal decision-making as compared to emphasizing purely cognitive evaluations. Study 2 tests the hypothesis that creating the expectation that affect is useful can facilitate decision-making. Finally, Study 3 tests …

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Biopsychosocial Models Of The Development Of Childhood Disruptive Behaviors, Anne Bernard Arnett Jan 2016

Biopsychosocial Models Of The Development Of Childhood Disruptive Behaviors, Anne Bernard Arnett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hyperactivity/attention problems (HAP) and conduct problems (CP) are common and impairing disruptive behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Previous research has established that HAP and CP are highly comorbid, and that outcomes are worse for youth exhibiting both symptom clusters relative to youth with only one disruptive behavior type. Despite ample evidence that HAP and CP share common etiological factors and maladaptive outcomes, the nature of their developmental association remains unclear. This dissertation clarifies three important characteristics of comorbid HAP and CP development, in two replicate, longitudinal, population samples of youth. First, I test the theory that within-person variation in HAP …

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Lesbian Couple Dynamics And Heterosexist Stressors: Building A Foundation For Culturally Competent Relationship Interventions, Shelby B. Scott Jan 2016

Lesbian Couple Dynamics And Heterosexist Stressors: Building A Foundation For Culturally Competent Relationship Interventions, Shelby B. Scott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lesbian relationships are severely underrepresented in the couples and family literature (Hartwell, Serovich, Grafsky, & Kerr, 2012). The current study sought to expand the basic science on lesbian couples with the overarching goal of informing evidence-based relationship interventions. The first aim of this study was to examine processes found to be important to relationship success in previous studies of couples in general, including communication, external support, household tasks, intimacy, and sex, as these processes are typically targeted in relationship interventions. The second aim was to examine the role of factors more specific to lesbian couples and related to heterosexist stressors …

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Development Of Cognitive Vulnerability For Depression In Youth: Sex, Emotional Maltreatment, And Depression Predict Negative Cognitive Style, Jessica R. Technow Jan 2016

Development Of Cognitive Vulnerability For Depression In Youth: Sex, Emotional Maltreatment, And Depression Predict Negative Cognitive Style, Jessica R. Technow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hopelessness theory is a prominent cognitive theory of depression that has been shown to predict depression in youth. However, research has yet to elucidate normative mean-level development of the cognitive risk factor in hopelessness theory from childhood through adolescence. The current study utilized a multi-wave design and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses to examine mean-level negative cognitive style growth and stability in late childhood, early adolescence, and mid-late adolescence. Participant sex, emotional maltreatment, and major depression were also tested as predictors of negative cognitive style. For three years, youth (N = 681, ages 7-18 at baseline) were assessed every 1.5 …

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Addressing Stereotype Threat Is Critical To Diversity And Inclusion In Organizational Psychology, Bettina Casad, William J. Bryant Jan 2016

Addressing Stereotype Threat Is Critical To Diversity And Inclusion In Organizational Psychology, Bettina Casad, William J. Bryant

Psychology Faculty Works

Recently researchers have debated the relevance of stereotype threat to the workplace. Critics have argued that stereotype threat is not relevant in high stakes testing such as in personnel selection. We and others argue that stereotype threat is highly relevant in personnel selection, but our review focused on underexplored areas including effects of stereotype threat beyond test performance and the application of brief, low-cost interventions in the workplace. Relevant to the workplace, stereotype threat can reduce domain identification, job engagement, career aspirations, and receptivity to feedback. Stereotype threat has consequences in other relevant domains including leadership, entrepreneurship, negotiations, and competitiveness. …

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Evolution Of Neuroimaging Technology In The Modern Era, Robert H. Paul Jan 2016

Evolution Of Neuroimaging Technology In The Modern Era, Robert H. Paul

Psychology Faculty Works

Clinical applications in brain science have progressed at a glacial pace when compared to other medical disciplines. Treatments for most neurodegenerative brain diseases are limited, and cure strategies remain underdeveloped. Pressure to improve clinical outcomes in the neurological sciences is exacerbated by an aging population at risk for degenerative brain diseases. Fortunately, technical advances in the field of neuroimaging offer new promise, with enhanced characterization of microstructural anatomy, network connectivity, and functional biomarkers of health and disease. Articles highlighted in this issue describe cutting-edge applications targeting these outcomes using diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion-based tractography, and positron emission tomography. Finally, the …

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Alzheimer's- The Cholinergic Hypothesis And Gene- Targeting Stem Cell Treatment, Richa Gautam, Emma Nichols Jan 2016

Alzheimer's- The Cholinergic Hypothesis And Gene- Targeting Stem Cell Treatment, Richa Gautam, Emma Nichols

Modern Psychological Studies

As the mean age of the world population rises and people's life expectancies increase, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease will increase and will pose a threat to society in terms of the people affected and the money used. Current therapies are not adequate in that they are unable to extend life beyond a few months. This review will both overview the predominant hypotheses about how to approach the treatment of Alzheimer's as well as discuss some of the treatments available and those in preclinical phases. Finally, we will discuss the ideas and recent research behind gene therapy and stem cell …

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Psychological Pathology And Aging In Cervantes’S Don Quixote De La Mancha, Ida Sudol Jan 2016

Psychological Pathology And Aging In Cervantes’S Don Quixote De La Mancha, Ida Sudol

Hispanic Studies Honors Papers

Miguel de Cervantes wrote his most famous work, Don Quixote de La Mancha, in a prison cell after a life of great misfortune. The work he created, however, changed his fate, and to this day lives on as one of the most-read pieces of all time. Unique to Cervantes’s literary creation is the applicability of its themes across history. Though the setting is 16th-Century Spain, the topics of the work include aspects of psychopathology, personality, and aging. This synthesis of psychology, philosophy, and human character outlines concepts that would benefit clinicians in their understanding of geriatric patients, which is among …

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Professor Mike Morris' Full Bibliography, Mike Morris Jan 2016

Professor Mike Morris' Full Bibliography, Mike Morris

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Characterizing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With The Slip Induction Task, Allen L. Nida, Amanda J. Clark Jan 2016

Characterizing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With The Slip Induction Task, Allen L. Nida, Amanda J. Clark

Modern Psychological Studies

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by increased distractibility and inhibitory deficits. This study sought to understand how individuals diagnosed with ADHD respond when required to inhibit a routine in response to unexpected stimuli. Ten young adults diagnosed with adult ADHD and ten controls completed the Slip Induction Task (SIT), a measure of attention and inhibition during a routine. The SIT involves participants repeatedly responding to a series of arrow cues, and then later adjusting their routine in response to unexpected stimuli. The findings of this study suggest that those with ADHD do not respond less accurately to novel …

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The Role Of Self-Disclosure In Buffering Negative Feelings Within Adolescent Friendships, Nicholaas David W. Smith, Mandy B. Medvin Jan 2016

The Role Of Self-Disclosure In Buffering Negative Feelings Within Adolescent Friendships, Nicholaas David W. Smith, Mandy B. Medvin

Modern Psychological Studies

Friendship serves a variety of functions throughout development and can buffer the effects of negative experiences through self-disclosure, the communication of emotions. Participants were 140 adolescents (51% male, M =12.95 years old) that completed surveys examining the buffering of negative life events, global self-worth, and relationships with their best friend in a correlational design. It was hypothesized that buffered feelings from negative experiences would mediate the relationship between self-disclosure and global self-worth, particularly for girls. Findings indicated levels of self-disclosure and buffered feelings from negative experiences were not associated with increased global self-worth. Gender differences were found between ratings of …

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Quantile Regression Analyses Of The Component Skills In Various Comprehension Tests, Anh Ngoc Hua Jan 2016

Quantile Regression Analyses Of The Component Skills In Various Comprehension Tests, Anh Ngoc Hua

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many studies to date have examined cognitive factors that drive individual differences in reading comprehension. However, these studies often focused on typical readers, and it is not clear whether their findings apply similarly to readers performing in the extreme ends of the distribution, i.e., poor and good readers. In this dissertation, we used quantile regression on a sample of 834 children (age 8-18) to advance our understanding of the relative importance of different component processes of comprehension not just for the typical but also for poor and skilled readers. In Study 1, we examined how the relative importance of components …

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Changing Attitudes About Employing The Disabled: What Works And Why, James Hall, Richie Zweigenhaft Jan 2016

Changing Attitudes About Employing The Disabled: What Works And Why, James Hall, Richie Zweigenhaft

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous research on attitudes towards disabled individuals have found inconsistencies that have been reported in studies that use the Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDP). This research paper attempted to show that the IDP scale is as reliable as the Attitudes towards Disabled People (ATDP). The IDP scale did have a lower than expected Cronbach's alpha = .62, but moderate to strong relationship was found between the two scales, r = .44, p < .001. In order to further understand attitude differences and to help disabled individuals succeed in the workplace, the research conducted analyzed three different variables that could have an impact. Differences in education using both scales were analyzed. The IDP scaled proved not to be consistent analyzing this variable. The ATDP scale was approaching significance, F(2, 70) = .2.882, p = .06, eta2 = .08, and a larger sample size could change the results. The experimenter in this research is disabled and used that to understand f his presence would have an impact on results. In terms of the IDP scale there was no statistical significance between those he gave the scale to and those who received it from someone else, but using the ATDP scale there was a statistical difference found using t test, p = .02. Interactions with individuals were also analyzed but found no statistical significance. Further research in quality of life in individuals with disabilities could prove to be beneficial when bridging the gap between those with disabilities and those with no disabilities.

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The Interactive Effects Of Biofeedback-Assisted Stress Management And Training Acquisition In Predicting Health Outcomes, Cary M. Sears Jan 2016

The Interactive Effects Of Biofeedback-Assisted Stress Management And Training Acquisition In Predicting Health Outcomes, Cary M. Sears

ETD Archive

Thirty-seven chronic disease patients were randomized to either a biofeedback-assisted stress management (BFSM) experimental group or a usual care (UC) control condition. It was hypothesized that participants enrolled in the BFSM treatment group would demonstrate lower levels of norepinephrine and depression than those in the UC control condition. It was further hypothesized that training acquisition would modify the main effect of group assignment on depression and norepinephrine. The BFSM group demonstrated significantly lower levels of norepinephrine than the UC group. There were no main effects of BFSM on depression. The training acquisition X group assignment interaction was not significant. Results …

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Variability And Location Of Movement Endpoint Distributions: The Influence Of Instructions For Movement Speed And Accuracy, Abhishek Dey Jan 2016

Variability And Location Of Movement Endpoint Distributions: The Influence Of Instructions For Movement Speed And Accuracy, Abhishek Dey

ETD Archive

An influential theory of motor control predicts that targeted hand movements should be aimed at the target center and that the variability of movement endpoint distributions should fill the target region (Meyer et al., 1988). Because increases in the amount of movement endpoint variability correlates with increases in movement speed (Schmidt et al., 1979), centering the distribution on the target center and expanding variability to the limits of the target boundaries should allow for maximization of movement speed, without the production of movement errors (i.e., target misses). Slifkin and Eder (2016) recently found that those predictions only held over a …

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An Interpersonal Model Of Depression: A Psychophysiological Perspective, Kelsey J. Pritchard Jan 2016

An Interpersonal Model Of Depression: A Psychophysiological Perspective, Kelsey J. Pritchard

ETD Archive

This study examined whether parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity predicts depression risk through excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) which subsequently erodes social support and generates stress. Recent theories suggest that the PNS evolved to regulate social interaction and that the PNS is associated with depression and interpersonal deficits. Therefore, PNS deficits may be associated to ERS, given its interpersonal function. Participants (N= 65) completed measures of ERS, interpersonal stressors, social support quality, depression symptoms, and a protocol that measured indices of the PNS (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) at rest and during a paced breathing task. Multiple mediator models …

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Overloaded? Examining Predictors Of Work-Family Conflict Through Role Overload, Lisa J. Brasdovich Jan 2016

Overloaded? Examining Predictors Of Work-Family Conflict Through Role Overload, Lisa J. Brasdovich

ETD Archive

Work-life balance is becoming a popular topic within organizations as no employee wants to endure work-family conflict. Research has been trying to understand what can impact work-family conflict. To increase knowledge about work-family conflict this study examined how role overload can impact different groups of people depending upon work schedule, parental status, and activity during commute. The data were collected through two surveys posted on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. In total, there were 192 respondents. Results found that an interaction was present between an employee's work schedule and the child's status as a student to significantly predict the time the employee …

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An Experimental Test Of Whether Mortality Salience Can Motivate Open-Mindedness Among Individuals With Intrinsic Goal Orientations, Mark Blades Jan 2016

An Experimental Test Of Whether Mortality Salience Can Motivate Open-Mindedness Among Individuals With Intrinsic Goal Orientations, Mark Blades

ETD Archive

Terror management theory posits that when people are primed with thoughts of death, they will seek to abide by their cultural worldview beliefs. For example, mortality reminders motivate those with an extrinsic goal orientation to strive to accomplish culturally valued goals (e.g., wealth) and defend familiar cultural worldviews. But, as of yet, no research has investigated the possibility that MS might motivate those with an intrinsic goal orientation to strive instead to explore culturally, socially, or intellectually novel experiences and information. The present research hypothesized that MS would lead individuals with stronger extrinsic goal orientations to defensively prefer their familiar …

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The Effect Of Stress Coping Techniques In Sports, Lestter Yeh Jan 2016

The Effect Of Stress Coping Techniques In Sports, Lestter Yeh

CMC Senior Theses

The first part of this literature review goes over the biological and psychological aspects of stress. The cause of stress can be linked back to a primitive instinct known as “fight or flight.” The “fight or flight” instinct is triggered by several chemical reactions in the body starting from a signal from the amygdala to the sympathetic nervous system. Stress can also be categorized into internal and external stress. Further research links stress to sports. Many studies show that stress coping techniques such as meditation, self-talk, rituals, etc. are beneficial to athletes during competition. Suggested avenues of further research are …

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Sex And God #Blesses: The Relationship Between Faith And Reported Frequency Of Hooking-Up Among College Students, Charles W. Woods, Rachel P. Ryan, J. Alexa Robinson, Jennifer Silva Brown Jan 2016

Sex And God #Blesses: The Relationship Between Faith And Reported Frequency Of Hooking-Up Among College Students, Charles W. Woods, Rachel P. Ryan, J. Alexa Robinson, Jennifer Silva Brown

Modern Psychological Studies

Hooking-up is defined as a physically intimate encounter between two individuals whom are not romantically involved with one another (Stroke; et al., 2014). Past research has shown that students who reported that religion had a higher influence on their daily life also reported hooking-up less frequently (Simons, et al., 2009). Limited research has been conducted to measure whether priming persons with their religious beliefs- has an impact on the reported frequency of sexual health practices. This research extended the paradigm of Saroglou and Munoz-Garcia (2008) who employed a technique in which they asked participants questions about their values and personality …

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Cross Generational Immigrant Attitudes Toward Mental Health Services, Liudmila Shapoval, Elizabeth L. Jeglic Jan 2016

Cross Generational Immigrant Attitudes Toward Mental Health Services, Liudmila Shapoval, Elizabeth L. Jeglic

Modern Psychological Studies

Depression is a major mental health problem both in the United States and globally, and thus, increasing research has focused on how to treat it. The major treatments include medication and psychotherapy; however, it appears that most depressed individuals are selecting pharmacological treatment as opposed to psychological treatment despite treatments similar outcomes. This is in contract to survey data which suggests that individuals overall prefer psychological types of treatment (Givens et al., 2007; Olfson & Marcus, 2009). As the population of the United States increases to become more ethnically and cultural diverse, little is known about how racial and cultural …

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The Relationship Between Rumination, Gender, Age, And Posttraumatic Stress, Amber M. Markham, Susan E. Mason Jan 2016

The Relationship Between Rumination, Gender, Age, And Posttraumatic Stress, Amber M. Markham, Susan E. Mason

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between rumination and posttraumatic stress, and to determine the effects of gender and age on that relationship. Responses on brooding and reflective subscales of a rumination measure were compared across adult age groups, and evaluated in relationship to an individual's gender and emotional response to trauma. Women demonstrated higher levels of rumination than men, and younger adults demonstrated higher levels of rumination than older adults. In a college sample, total rumination score was a positive indicator of whether an individual was emotionally bothered by a traumatic experience. In a …

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