Psychology Commons^™

What's Your Type? The Relationship Between Enneagram Personality Style And Psychiatric Diagnosis, Danielle Augusta Huber

Theses and Dissertations

Despite its long history and ever-growing popularity amongst mental health providers and laypeople, the Enneagram model of personality has seen limited empirical support regarding its clinical relevance and efficacy. The present study sought to contribute to the literature supporting the Enneagram’s use in psychotherapy. As a majority of therapeutic services aim for the reduction and/or resolution of psychopathology, often in terms of one or more diagnoses, and as previous research has theorized how the Enneagram model and psychiatric diagnoses might be related (Palmer, 1988), it was the researchers’ intention to analyze whether these theoretical associations could be statistically supported. This …

Relationship Between Contentment And Working Memory Capacity: Experimental And Naturalistic Evidence, Khai Qing Chua, Rachel Ng, Clarissa L. Q. Sung, Andree Hartanto, Vincent Y. S. Oh, Eddie M. W. Tong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Contentment is a positive emotion characterized by perceived goal attainment, a sense of having or being enough, and a focus on the present. Research on this new construct is thin, and no studies have examined its cognitive properties, particularly whether it facilitates or impairs controlled cognitive processes. We hypothesize that contentment positively predicts working memory. We found support for this hypothesis in two experimental studies (Studies 1 and 2) which showed that induced contentment improved working memory in the operation span task, and in one non-experimental study (Study 3) which showed that measured contentment positively correlated with working memory on …

Sense Of Control Mediates The Relation Between Discrimination And Executive Functions In Middle-Aged And Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Wee Qin Ng, Gilaine Rui Ng, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Background Despite previous findings of a negative association between everyday discrimination and executive functions (EF) - a set of domain-general cognitive control processes - in middle-aged and older adults, less is known about the underlying mechanism. Thus, we focused on sense on control and its two facets - perceived constraints and personal mastery - as potential psychosocial mediators of this relation. Methods By analyzing a nationally representative adult cohort from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) 2 study, we examined two mediational models: a single mediation model with sense of control and a parallel mediation model with perceived …

When One's Partner Wants Out: Awareness, Attachment Anxiety And Accuracy, Kenneth Tan, Laura V. Machia, Christopher R. Agnew

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Can a person tell whether their romantic partner wants to break up and, if so, how is such accuracy associated with their own attachment anxiety? We examined these questions by proposing and assessing the construct of perceived partner dissolution consideration (PPDC), including its validity. We then assessed the extent to which partners were accurate in their perceptions of each other's dissolution consideration, focusing on the perceiver's attachment anxiety as a potential moderator. Specifically, in two studies involving couples, dyadic analyses of couple data showed that couple members significantly underestimated (negative mean-level bias) partner dissolution consideration and also projected their own …

Change Patterns Of Mother-Adolescent Perceived Parenting And The Corresponding Trajectories In Their Internalizing Symptoms, Wen Wen, Lester Sim, Yang Hou, Shanting Chen, Su Yeong Kim

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Adolescence is a challenging and sensitive developmental period in which mothers and adolescents may be vulnerable to internalizing symptoms. The current study aimed to understand how patterns of changes in mother-adolescent perceived parenting (i.e., mother-adolescent perceived parenting transition profiles) corresponded with trajectories of mothers' and adolescents' internalizing symptoms from early to late adolescence. The current study utilized a three-wave longitudinal data set of 604 adolescents (54% female, Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.92) and 595 mothers (Mage = 38.89, SD = 5.74) from Mexican-origin immigrant families and adopted mother-adolescent perceived parenting transition profiles from a previous study. Multiple group analyses …

Biopsychosocial Resilience Through A Complex Adaptive Systems Lens: A Narrative Review Of Nonlinear Modeling Approaches, Adam W. Kiefer, David Pincus

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Human resilience is often considered as static traits using a reductionist approach. More recent work has demonstrated it to be a dynamic and emergent property of complex systems. This narrative review explores human resilience through a self-organizing framework with a specific emphasis on the application of nonlinear modeling approaches. Four classes of approaches are examined: univariate dynamics, bivariate coupling, topological modeling, and network modeling. Univariate dynamics capture the temporal structure and flexibility within a single time series, while bivariate coupling approaches quantify the interaction dynamics and coordination between two time series. Topological modeling identifies bifurcations and attractor dynamics as signals …

Analyzing Stress Levels Of Volunteers Hand-Rearing Juvenile Spectacled Flying Foxes (Pteropus Conspicillatus) At The Tolga Bat Hospital, North Queensland, Australia, Olivia Knight

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study, conducted at the Tolga Bat Hospital in North Queensland, Australia, focuses on analyzing the stress levels of volunteers hand-rearing juvenile spectacled flying foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus). Given the endangered status of this species and the intensive care required for their rehabilitation, the research aimed to understand the physical, emotional, and mental well-being of the volunteers engaged in this demanding conservation work. The study was conducted over a five-day period during the peak pupping season in November 2023, utilizing self-administered questionnaires to assess the well-being and stress levels of volunteers both before and after their nursing sessions. The participants, primarily …

Negotiating Identities: The Tibetan’S Experience, Tenzin Yeka

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The fundamental aspect of the Tibetan exilic identity and the competing definition of Tibetaness has long been circulating among the community. It’s a question Tibetans are already asking, that they cannot help but ask, and that therefore deserves an answer. For the first generation of Tibetans, their identity is more profound because of their connection with the geographical home itself. However, for the second generation, having lived and raised outside in the ethnically mixed environment, the idea of Tibet exists in the imagination; though the way in which it is to be imagined is contested by a number of parties. …

Neural Correlates Of Audiovisual Integration, Jonathan Conrady

Theses and Dissertations

Successfully integrating multiple streams of information is paired with a variety of behavioral enhancements. Multisensory research over the past few decades has demonstrated the criticality of spatial proximity and stimulus effectiveness. Here, we focused on the temporal aspects and underlying neural activity of frequency-varying, audiovisual stimuli using scalp recorded electroencephalography (EEG). Our set of stimuli was particularly chosen because humans are most sensitive to the auditory sound and visual spatial frequencies that make up speech. Recent work has shown that audiovisual integration effects of low-level, simple stimuli are largest when both modalities fall within, compared to outside of, their respective …

The Association Between Symptoms Of Adhd And Alcohol Use And Related Consequences In College Students: Social And Environmental Protective And Risk Factors As Moderators Of This Relation, Cameron Shepard Massey

Theses and Dissertations

Alcohol use, while common in college student populations, can bring about significant mental health and educational problems that have negative consequences (Harris et al., 2017; White & Hingson, 2013). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can also result in significant impairment in academic settings (Kuriyan et al., 2012; Blase et al., 2009, Barbaresi et al., 2007), and those with ADHD often show increased rates of alcohol consumption and related problems, which can greatly increase the risk for students to struggle in college (Barbaresi et al., 2013; Baker et al., 2012). Examining the impact that specific risk and protective factors play in this relation …

Supporting Our Heroes: The Need For A Community Of A Community Of Practice Dedicated To The Support Of Military-Connected Families Living In The Southeastern United States, Ashley Gwyneth Monier

Theses and Dissertations

Military families face unique challenges that many civilian families may not be familiar with, to include frequent geographical relocations and extended periods of separation due to military deployments. This study aims to identify the resources available to military families and identify gaps in services and programming to highlight the need for a Community of Practice dedicated to addressing issues that impact our all-volunteer force in the southeastern United States. Furthermore, this study aims to give a voice to the military community regarding the unique difficulties that are commonplace within the military life, to include regular mandated geographical relocations and extended …

Sustained Attention And Object Manipulation In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alexis Federico

Theses and Dissertations

Infants interact with their environment from the moment they are born. These interactions can assist in shaping a child’s development, including the skills they gain. Object manipulation has been specifically associated with numerous important outcomes in childhood, such as cognitive skills, motor skills, and language skills. This study aims to characterize object manipulation behaviors at 9 months of age between infants who are at an elevated genetic likelihood for ASD and infants who have no family history of ASD. This study also investigates associations between object manipulation behaviors and a biological measure of attention in both participant groups. While differences …

“Social Workers By Day And Terrorists By Night?” Wounded Healers, Restorative Justice, And Ex-Prisoner Reentry, Allely Albert

Articles

Common to many post-conflict societies, former political prisoners and combatants in Northern Ireland are often portrayed as security threats rather than as potential contributors to societal peacebuilding processes. This distrust limits their ability to contribute to the transitional landscape and additionally hinders desistance processes during their reentry from prison. Drawing from the work of Maruna, LeBel, and others on “wounded healers,” this article critically examines the restorative justice work of ex-prisoners who have become involved in leadership roles within community based restorative justice. It is argued that such practitioner work can help former combatants overcome many of the challenges typically …

Measuring School Bullying Experiences Among Chinese Middle School Students: The Structural And Predictive Validity Of Bullyharm-China, Jingyi Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Bullying is a growing concern in China, yet few measures have been validated to assess different types of bullying among Chinese children. Despite a wealth of evidence on the negative effects of bullying victimization, how gender influences the experience of specific bullying behavior is under-examined. The present study thus aims to adapt and validate the initial BullyHARM scale, as well as explore the predictive validity of six types of bullying for male and female Chinese youth. BullyHARM has previously been shown to be a reliable scale for measuring six bullying domains (i.e., physical, verbal, social/relational, cyber, property, sexual) among children …

Piloting Brief, Just-In-Time Training Videos For Mentors: Expanding And Strengthening Motivational Interviewing For Youth, Mackenzie J. Hart

Theses and Dissertations

Having paraprofessional providers, such as youth mentors, deliver evidence-based services, has been posited to increase the reach of youth services given the affordability and ubiquity of mentors in school settings. Further, examinations of mentor-delivered Motivational Interviewing (MI) have shown promise in increasing youth mentees’ academic performance and wellbeing. Yet, traditional methods used for training mentors to use MI effectively and sustainably can be costly and time-consuming processes. Previous work has suggested the value of asynchronous, brief, just-in-time trainings (JITTs) to help offset these challenges; however, MI JITTs for mentors have not yet been formally evaluated. As such, the present study …

Understanding The Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Borderline Features And Deliberate Self-Harm Behaviors Among College Students: The Mediating Roles Of Emotion Regulation And Interpersonal Functioning, Sydney Mari Levine

Theses and Dissertations

Research has established ACEs as significant predictors of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in both clinical and community populations. Further, adults meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) are nearly 14 times more likely to report childhood adversity. No previous studies have examined the critical roles of emotion regulation and interpersonal functioning as mediating mechanisms in these relations. Thus, the current study explored the mechanism by which ACEs affect borderline personality features (BPF) or deliberate self-harm through emotion regulation and interpersonal functioning in a sample of emerging adult college students. Participants (N = 2,255, M age = 19.25) included college students from …

Neuromodulation For Adjunctive Treatment In Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome, Kennedy Kirkpatrick, Jay D Shah, Krishna Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) affects nearly half of patients who undergo mastectomy to treat breast cancer. As the survival rate of breast cancer increases with advancements in treatment, the incidence of PMPS is also increasing. Patients with PMPS can experience unrelenting, chronic pain refractory to traditional management with oral pharmacotherapy in conjunction with nonpharmacologic treatment (physical therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)). Neuromodulation is an emerging treatment modality for numerous chronic pain conditions. This case report highlights the tremendous success of spinal cord stimulator placement for a patient with PMPS.

Electrophysiological Responses To Emotional And Cocaine Cues Reveal Individual Neuroaffective Profiles In Cocaine Users, Heather E Webber, Constanza De Dios, Margaret C Wardle, Robert Suchting, Charles E Green, Joy M Schmitz, Scott D Lane, Francesco Versace

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Smokers with stronger neuroaffective responses to drug-related cues compared to non-drug-related pleasant images (C>P) are more vulnerable to compulsive smoking than individuals with the opposite brain reactivity profile (P>C). However, it is unknown if these neurobehavioral profiles exist in individuals abusing other drugs. We tested whether individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) show similar neuroaffective profiles to smokers. We also monitored eye movements to assess attentional bias toward cues and we further performed exploratory analyses on demographics, personality, and drug use between profiles. Participants with CUD (n=43) viewed pleasant, unpleasant, cocaine, and neutral images while we recorded electroencephalogram. …

Postoperative Pain-Related Outcomes And Perioperative Pain Management In China: A Population-Based Study, Yanhong Liu, Saisong Xiao, Huikai Yang, Xuecai Lv, Aisheng Hou, Yulong Ma, Yandong Jiang, Chongyang Duan, Weidong Mi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Postoperative pain poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system and patient satisfaction and is associated with chronic pain and long-term narcotic use. However, systemic assessment of the quality of postoperative pain management in China remains unavailable.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data collected from a nationwide registry, China Acute Postoperative Pain Study (CAPOPS), between September 2019 and August 2021. Patients aged 18 years or above were required to complete a self-reported pain outcome questionnaire on the first postoperative day (POD1). Perioperative pain management and pain-related outcomes, including the severity of pain, adverse events caused by pain …

Beneath The Surface: An Investigation Into The Relation Between Power, Dehumanization, And Objectification In And Initial Social Interaction, Lillian Hefner

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Objectification theory suggests that women are disproportionately affected by objectification leading them to experience more negative health outcomes such as depression and eating disorders. Further research on objectification and synthesis of leading theories in the area suggest that power may be one factor likely to predict the objectification and dehumanization of women. One important dimension of this objectification and dehumanization is the environment in which it occurs. Few studies examine a social/dating context as the current study does. We expected the men in the study who felt a stronger sense of power during the interaction would exhibit more objectification of …

The Aviation Illusion-Situational Judgment Test: Development And Evaluation, John Kleber

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are scenario-based assessments that evaluate an individual's capacity to make key judgments relating to specific contexts. While SJTs are traditionally used for personal selection (e.g., managers, customer service personnel, and police officers), SJTs also demonstrate potential for use in training evaluation. One area of interest in aviation is aeronautical decision-making (ADM) during inflight encounters with aviation illusions. However, a gap in research exists regarding how to measure pilots’ capacity to make judgments about illusions during flight.

This dissertation aimed to develop and validate an SJT that evaluates aeronautical decision-making (ADM) during inflight encounters with aviation illusions. …

Mindfulness And Workplace Safety: An Integrative Review, Zihan Liu, Kevin Hoff, Erica Baranski, Galen Snyder, Rhona Flin, Peggy Lindner, Christiane Spitzmueller

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Mindfulness has recently gained popularity in applied settings to enhance workplace safety, especially in safety-critical occupations such as healthcare and construction. In this review, we synthesize existing research across disciplines to establish a theoretical model of mindfulness and safety. Based on 32 empirical studies, we first summarize and critically analyze how mindfulness and safety are conceptualized and operationalized in the literature. We then consolidate empirical findings and conceptual arguments and draw upon the job demands–resources model to propose a theoretical model linking the basic benefits of mindfulness to safety-related job demands. Specifically, we propose that mindfulness (a) improves detection of …

Third-Party Employer Branding, Mukta G. Saini, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

There has been a growing interest in third-party employment branding (TPEB) because prospective and current employees perceive it more credible than the company-controlled employer branding. The academic research on TPEB has also been rapidly growing. This chapter reviews the TPEB research using a bibliometric analysis of 734 articles published between 1996 and 2021. The analysis shows that 'employer branding,' 'recruitment,' 'Glassdoor,' and 'word-of-mouth' are the major keywords in this domain. TPEB research can be grouped into three themes – (i) ‘best employer status and its outcomes’, (ii) ‘antecedents and consequences of third-party employment branding’, and (iii) ‘word-of-mouth and recruitment’. We …

The Impact Of Withdrawing From War: Veteran Attitudes Toward The Afghanistan Withdrawal And Implications On Healthcare Utilization, Mental Health Distress, And Motivation To Serve Again, Delaney J. Bennett Granko M.S.

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined veteran service members from all eras, ranks, branches, and time of service to evaluate the mental and physical health impact of the Afghanistan Withdrawal on their functioning and utilization of healthcare services. To our knowledge, this is the first scientific study examining the Afghanistan Withdrawal's impact on veterans. The researchers aimed to better understand service member attitudes about the withdrawal and their motivation to serve again based on their experience. Qualitative responses were requested to further understand veteran opinions on the withdrawal.

The study sample consisted of 112 veterans from one or more of the United States …

An Investigation Of An Intervention Embedded In Summer Bridge Programming For Promoting The Self-Regulated Learning And Achievement Of Student-Athletes, Erin W. Cousins

STEMPS Theses & Dissertations

Many students, including collegiate student-athletes, face academic challenges throughout their higher education experience, struggling to learn and perform effectively. One reason for this difficulty may be that students are not engaging in adequate self-regulated learning (SRL). Although research has demonstrated the effectiveness of SRL interventions in improving college students’ SRL abilities and academic performance, this research has not adequately explored the unique population of college athletes (Jansen et al., 2019; Theobald, 2021). The present study addressed this gap and aimed to enhance the SRL abilities and achievement of collegiate student-athletes through an intervention implemented within a summer bridge program at …

Factors Moderating The Association Between Social Network “Drinking Buddies” And Personal Drinking, Karolina Kazlauskaite

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Peer relationships have been implicated as a salient factor on individual drinking outcomes. One specific subset of peers in one’s social network, identified as drinking buddies, have been associated with an elevated risk for harmful drinking in college students—beyond drinking peers in one’s network alone. Despite their salience on individual alcohol outcomes, little is known regarding what makes drinking buddies more or less influential. While moderators of peer influence have been examined, prior research on peer influence predominantly focuses on adolescent populations, presenting gaps in the literature regarding moderators of college student drinking buddies specifically. As such, the current study …

Predictors And Moderators Of Treatment Outcomes For Anxious Children Randomized To Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Or Standard Community Care, Orri Smárason, Andrew G Guzick, Wayne K Goodman, Alison Salloum, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction:

Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) for childhood anxiety disorders may aid the dissemination of CBT, while maintaining treatment fidelity. Although CCBT is an effective intervention, not everyone benefits equally from treatment. Identifying patient characteristics that predict who will benefit from treatment and to what extent can help with matching patients to suitable interventions, and allow researchers and clinicians to modify, and individualize, their treatment formats more effectively. Such predictors and moderators have not yet been examined for CCBT outcomes in anxious children and studies of more traditional treatment formats have yielded inconsistent results.

Methods:

Using data from a randomized …

Third-Party Reactions To Performance Feedback, Daroon Mohammed Jalil

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Although the provision of feedback has traditionally been treated as a dyadic event, I argue for the existence of a neglected third-party - the witness. Drawing from the dual process model of vicarious mistreatment and feedback intervention theory, I hypothesize that 1) third parties experience negative [positive] affect when witnessing an unjust [just] feedback event, 2) negative [positive] affect is stronger when feedback cues are self-referenced [task-referenced], and 3) negative [positive] affect is related to a subsequent decrease [increase] in feedback seeking intentions. Results from a 2x2 between-subjects experiment with 470 participants provide partial support for the hypotheses. Third-parties experienced …

A New Method To Determine The Posterior Distribution Of Coefficient Alpha, John Mart V. Delosreyes

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

There is a focus within the behavioral/social sciences on non-physical, psychological constructs (i.e., constructs). These constructs are indirectly measured using measurement instruments that consist of questions that capture the manifestations of these constructs. The indirect nature of measuring constructs results in a need of ensuring that measurement instruments are reliable. The most popular statistic used to estimate reliability is coefficient alpha as it is easy to compute and has properties that make it desirable to use. Coefficient alpha’s popularity has resulted in a wide breadth of research into its qualities. Notably, research about coefficient alpha’s distribution has led to developments …

The Vermont Family Based Approach In Primary Care Pediatrics: Effects On Children’S And Parents’ Emotional And Behavioral Problems And Parents’ Health-Related Quality Of Life, Masha Y. Ivanova, Allison Hall, Stanley Weinberger, Sara L. Buckingham, William E. Copeland, Phoenix Crockett, Justin Dainer-Best, Casey D'Alberto, Lauren Dewey, Deshan Foret, Maria Galano, Lisa Goodrich, Lindsay E. Holly, Nalini Lane, Maureen Leahey, Mathew Lerner, Jasime Marsh, Ellen Mcginnis, Melissa Paiva-Salisbury, Judith S. Shaw, Pamela Swift, Rebekah Tinker, James J. Hudziak

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

This randomized controlled trial tested the Vermont Family Based Approach (VFBA) in primary care pediatrics. The VFBA is a model of healthcare delivery that shifts the focus from the individual to the family, emphasizes emotional and behavioral health, and uses evidence-based health promotion/prevention along with the treatment of emotional and behavioral problems. Participants were 81 families of 3–15-year-olds. For children, the VFBA was associated with greater reductions than the Control condition on the Child Behavior Checklist Emotionally Reactive, Withdrawn, Sleep Problems, Aggressive Behavior and Total Problems scales. For parents, the VFBA was associated with greater reductions than the Control condition …