Psychology Commons^™

No Interest In Being Cynical: Conflicting Versus Corresponding Interests Track Variability In The Link Between Personal Control And Cynicism, Bryan Kwok Cheng Choy

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Recent literature indicates that a lack of personal control negatively predicts (social) cynicism, a negative view of others as self-interested and exploitative (Stavrova & Ehlebracht, 2018a, 2019). Despite the ostensibly robust nature of this relationship, I propose that the strength of the link between personal control and cynicism could be more variable than extant findings have suggested. In particular, I argue that variability in the controlcynicism link may be tracked (i.e., moderated) by the extent to which actors in a situation have corresponding or conflicting interests, with the effect of control on cynicism being attenuated when actors are perceived to …

The Fear Of Being Idle: What It Is And How It Relates To Goal Pursuits, Verity Yu Qing Lua

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Modern society places a strong emphasis on making full use of one’s time and the aversion of idleness. While urging people to spend their time wisely can promote productivity and personal striving, an overemphasis on this ideal can also have detrimental effects on their sense of well-being. However, to date, there is limited research on individuals’ belief about aversion towards idle time – in part due to the lack of a measurement scale to assess such a disposition. Thus, the current work proposed a novel construct and measure—the fear of being idle (FOBI)—to capture the individual differences in affective responses …

Actions Speak Louder Than Words: The Role Of Organization Segmentation Norms On Work-Family Enrichment, Engagement & Burnout, Sarah Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Increased frequency of virtual work environments has changed the dynamics of boundary management decisions for employees and underscored the importance of organizations being aware and purposeful of how their norms will impact their employees. The goal of this study was to a) understand how organizations norms towards segmentation impact employee burnout, engagement, and enrichment, and b) how segmentation preferences, job demands, and job crafting strengthen these relationships. Two samples of participants were recruited from a mental health organization (N = 73) and mTurk (N = 80) to complete surveys on the variables for the study. Organizations with a norm for …

Meta-Analysis Of Cyber Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration And Victimization: Different Types And Their Associations With Face-To-Face Ipv Among Men And Women, Ohad Gilbar, Ruby Charak, Oscar Trujillo, Jorge I. Cantu, Valeria Cavazos, Iris Lavi

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

Cyber intimate partner violence (C-IPV) is a technology-mediated form of violence. It has been examined only in the last 10 years as a form of violence that can cause psychological damage to its victims. How this phenomenon connects to and differs from face-to-face IPV (F2F-IPV) has been, as yet, little studied. Research has not made clear whether sex differences may impact its use, particularly in light of the fact that no physical coercion is used in C-IPV. Thus, the current research aimed to investigate through a meta-analysis: differences between the average levels of different types of C-IPV victimization and perpetration; …

Increasing Cheerleader Safety Through The Observer Effect, Madison Elizabeth Duke

Theses and Dissertations

Cheerleading has a high rate of serious injuries, but the safety of cheerleaders has seldom been researched. Behavior analytic research has never investigated cheerleading and has rarely focused on improving the safety of athletes. The present study examined scored observations, a common intervention in the behavior-based safety literature, as a method to increase the safety of cheerleaders completing basic movements. This has previously been shown to produce the observer effect, wherein an observer’s safe behavior is increased after observing and scoring the behavior of another performer. Scored observations alone increased basic cheerleading movements to a mastery criteria for one of …

The Effects Of The Teaching Interactions Procedure On Esports Coaches’ Feedback Delivery, Alyson Mary Intihar

Theses and Dissertations

The current study sought to evaluate the effects of the teaching interactions procedure (TIP) to train Esports coaches to deliver feedback to players in a naturalistic context. Using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants experimental design, coaches delivered feedback to two players based on their performance in Esports games. Baseline and generalization probes were taken before and after the teaching interactions procedure was implemented. A feedback intervention was implemented for participants who did not reach mastery with just exposure to the teaching interactions procedure alone. Maintenance probes were conducted after mastery was reached. The results showed that for two of …

On-Campus Crimes, Fear Of Crime, And Somatization Among International Students, Kritika Rajeev Chauhan

Theses and Dissertations

With the marked increase in international students in the United States of America and their economic and cultural contributions, it has become even more crucial to address their struggles, including academic transitions, language barriers, migration, and discrimination (Perry, 2016). It has been found that international students are more fearful of crime in the US than in their home countries (Shi, 2021). Literature also indicates that different cultures somaticize their anxiety. It is viable to assume that fear of crime, a stimulus-bound anxiety, is likely to manifest as somatic complaints. Fear of crime often leads to behavioral changes, such as engagement …

Comparing Video Modeling To Tactile Feedback To Train Medical Skills, Kelcie Erin Mccafferty

Theses and Dissertations

Medical skills and practices have been continuously advancing, with many recent advancements in clinical practice. However, medical training has yet to develop in tandem with medical advancement. Behavior analysis has a large body of research and practice in the area of skill acquisition to offer the medical field. TAGteach® is one example of a behavior analytic method that could be beneficial to the medical field. Although traditional applications of TAGteach® have been proven to be effective, they may not be socially valid or accepted by the larger population or medical professionals. The purpose of the present study was to compare …

Examining The Psychological Outcomes Of Decent Work: An Extension Of The Psychology Of Working Theory, Zachary Hesson

Theses and Dissertations

Decent work (DW) has important implications for several aspects of people's lives. There is significant research on the societal implications of DW, but there is scant research on th e individual outcomes that are associated with DW. Using the psychology of working theory (PWT) as a theoretical framework, I explore d how access to DW can impact meaningful work ( and life satisfaction through satisfaction of different work needs as well as whether work orientation moderates the relationship s between work needs and these two outcome variables. More specifically, this thesis contribute s to our understanding of the implications of …

Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus Connectivity With The Dorsomedial Subsystem Of Default Network Tracks Real-World Conversation Behaviour, Dhaval M. Bhatt

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Social interactions are multifaceted, complex, and critical to social behaviour as they help gather information, develop social connections, and regulate social behaviour (Lakey & Orehek, 2011; Testard et al., 2021; Jolly & Chang, 2021). Among social interactions, conversations find a special place for humans due to the nuances associated with language, conversational behaviour (e.g., gestures), and context (e.g., where conversations occur and what is discussed). Researchers have studied aspects of single conversation behaviour, content related to conversations, and brain function (Sievers et al., 2020). However, little is known about the brain function of densely-sampled in-person conversation behaviour. Filling this gap …

Predictors Of Self-Reported General Health Status In People Experiencing Homelessness With Serious Mental Illness, Landon Presnall, Robert Suchting, Gaybrielle Hicks, Jane Hamilton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: The growing homeless population in the U.S.A. is disproportionately impacted by poor mental and physical health status, including a higher incidence of acute and chronic health problems, increased hospitalizations, and premature mortality compared to the general population. This study examined the association between demographic, social, and clinical factors and perceptions of general health status among the homeless population during admission to an integrated behavioral health treatment program.

METHODS: The study sample included 331 adults experiencing homelessness with a serious mental illness or co-occurring disorder. Participants were enrolled in services at a day program for unsheltered homeless adults, a residential …

Supportive Supervision And Resiliency Ohio - Key Findings, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development

Other QIC-WD Products

Background The Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS) started working with the QIC-WD in October 2017 to better understand its turnover problem. Eight counties volunteered to be part of the entire study. They participated in a thorough needs assessment process which led to creation of Coach Ohio, a multi-level blend of two interventions that addressed key needs across the counties regarding work-related traumatic stress and supportive supervision. Four counties and half of the largest county participated in the intervention while three counties and the other half of the largest county participated as comparison counties. Among these counties the …

Organizational Change Process Milwaukee - Key Findings, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development

Other QIC-WD Products

Background

The QIC-WD team engaged with the Department of Milwaukee Child Protective Services (DMCPS) in 2017 to conduct a thorough needs assessment to understand the root causes underlying a high turnover rate among Initial Assessment Specialists. In 2016, the overall turnover rate, including both external turnover and internal movement, was just under 49%, with a little over 11% due to internal movement and 37% due external turnover. The Organizational Social Context (OSC) baseline survey showed that there were several aspects of both culture and climate that were in need of improvement, including: 1) a hierarchical decision-making structure, 2) high …

Onboarding Program Eastern Band Of Cherokee Indians - Key Findings, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development

Other QIC-WD Products

Background

The QIC-WD worked with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) Family Safety Program (FSP) to address workforce challenges. FSP is a relatively new agency, established in 2015, and when they began working with the QIC-WD in 2017, FSP employed approximately 20 social workers, who provided direct service to children and families. Persistent vacancies were of greater concern than turnover. The QIC-WD partnered with FSP to conduct a needs assessment and identify areas of need that could be addressed through a workforce intervention. Three areas of need were identified as offering the strongest opportunities for intervention through the QIC-WD …

Am I Committed Or Conflicted? Examining Implications Of Self-Concept Structure For Self-Regulation, Well-Being, And Performance, Nicholas Aaron Moon

Theses and Dissertations

Although research on self-concept is extensive, few studies have examined the relationship between specific aspects of self-concept structure (e.g., self-concept clarity) and self-regulation constructs (e.g., goal commitment). In addition, research has linked aspects of self-concept structure with well-being outcomes, but less is known about the mechanisms involved in these relationships. This research addresses these two issues by examining self-concept structure (self-concept clarity and self-concept differentiation) as antecedents of key self-regulatory mechanisms (goal commitment and goal conflict) and how these linkages may help explain connections between self-concept structure and well-being and performance. More specifically, two studies examined these relationships, with Study …

Examining The Influence Of Spectral Envelope Shape On Pitch, Laura Reinert

Masters Theses, 2020-current

In the tritone paradox, there are many questions surrounding how listeners can make pitch judgments since Shepard tones are comprised of all octaves and this makes pitch ambiguous. The current study examined the influences from spectral envelope shape, spectral centroid, chroma, and musical training to identify how timbre and pitch interactions impacted pitch judgments to different tone types, including Shepard tones. Each trial consisted of a standard and a comparison tone differing by spectral envelope shape. Listeners were presented with these tone pairs and asked to judge whether the tone pairs were going up or down in pitch. For Shepard …

Continuities And Discontinuities In The Cultural Evolution Of Global Consciousness, R. J. Zhang, J. H. Liu, M. Lee, M. H. Lin, T. Xie, S Chen, Angela K. Y. Leung, I-Ching Lee, D. Hodgetts, E. Valdes, S. Choi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Global consciousness (GC), encompassing cosmopolitan orientation, global orientations (i.e. openness to multicultural experiences) and identification with all humanity, is a relatively stable individual difference that is strongly associated with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours, less ingroup favouritism and prejudice, and greater pandemic prevention safety behaviours. Little is known about how it is socialized in everyday life. Using stratified samples from six societies, socializing institution factors correlating positively with GC were education, white collar work (and its higher income) and religiosity. However, GC also decreased with increasing age, contradicting a 'wisdom of elders' transmission of social learning, and not replicating typical findings …

The Personality Profile And Leadership Style Of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Elise Vomacka, Aubrey Immelman

Psychology Faculty Publications

This report presents the results of an indirect assessment of the personality of Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, from the conceptual perspective of personologist Theodore Millon.

Psychodiagnostically relevant data about Zelenskyy were collected from biographical sources and media reports and synthesized into a personality profile using the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria (MIDC), which yields 34 normal and maladaptive personality classifications congruent with DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-5.

The personality profile yielded by the MIDC was analyzed on the basis of interpretive guidelines provided in the MIDC and Millon Index of Personality Styles manuals. Zelenskyy’s primary personality patterns were …

The Competency To Stand Trial Process In Northern Minnesota And The Effect Time Has On Outcomes, Hannah E. Cornwell

Psychology and Counseling Theses

The current system that manages the competency to stand trial (CST) process in many states is in crisis (Callahan & Pinals, 2020). This is largely due to a significant increase in the amount of people needing competency related services in the last decade (Wik, Hollen, & Fisher, 2019). There have been many solutions proposed by researchers, which include but are not limited to, a screening process for competency to stand trial evaluations, along with shortening deadlines for qualified practitioners to complete evaluations (Gowensmith, 2019). This study examines the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing a screen into the CST process while …

Fake It Till You Make It: Emotional Labor, Burnout And The Mediating Role Of Perceived Organizational Support Among School Teachers In Coastal Karnataka, Oishika Sarkar Ms., Reshma N.S., Bs Mahesh

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Burnout, which occurs as a prolonged response to chronic interpersonal pressures on the job, is becoming more common in human service professions such as teaching. All of these human service jobs have one thing in common: continuous interpersonal contact. This direct contact with people leads to the performance of emotional labour, which is defined as the regulation of feelings in the workplace in order to conform to organizational regulations, which contributes to employee burnout. Perceived Organizational Support, according to Job Demands and Resources Theory, can be a protective factor for employees by acting as a job resource that buffers the …

Comparison Between The Effects Of Acute Physical And Psychosocial Stress On Feedback-Based Learning, Xiao Yang, Brittany Nackley, Bruce H. Friedman

Psychology Faculty Publications

Stress modulates feedback-based learning, a process that has been implicated in declining mental function in aging and mental disorders. While acute physical and psychosocial stressors have been used interchangeably in studies on feedback-based learning, the two types of stressors involve distinct physiological and psychological processes. Whether the two types of stressors differentially influence feedback processing remains unclear. The present study compared the effects of physical and psychosocial stressors on feedback-based learning. Ninety-six subjects (Mage = 19.11 years; 50 female) completed either a cold pressor task (CPT) or mental arithmetic task (MAT), as the physical or psychosocial stressor, while electrocardiography and …

Comorbid Adhd And Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: Prevalence And Risk Factors, Sarah Bills

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood condition that places youth at increased risk for deficits in attention and executive functioning suggestive of increased rates of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). There is pronounced inconsistency in reported prevalence rates for attention deficits and ADHD diagnoses among youth with SCD, which is due in part to variability in methodology of previous studies. The primary aim of the present study is to use systematic screening to identify the prevalence of inattentive ADHD symptoms and ADHD diagnoses in a pediatric SCD population seen at a large hematology clinic. A secondary aim is …

The Effects Of Poly-Strengths On Psychological Wellbeing Amongst Young Adults With Childhood Poly-Victimization, Nakisa Asefnia

Theses and Dissertations

The field of trauma and victimization has undergone many evolutions in its efforts to conceptualize the impacts of victimization and more recently poly-victimization. Poly-victimization refers to the experiencing of multiple types of victimization over the lifespan. This has led to an ever-growing base of literature highlighting the many deleterious effects of these experiences on individuals’ wellbeing, and the factors which may make a person more vulnerable to victimization. However, a growing movement in the field aims to take a more strengths-based perspective that highlights the resilience of individuals, rather than risk factors, in the hopes of better understanding the factors …

Feasibility Of A Parent-Focused, Stress Management Intervention To Decrease Adolescent Bmi, Reduce Stress, And Increase Well-Being Among African American Families, Colby J. Kipp

Theses and Dissertations

African American adolescents in the United States experience a higher prevalence of obesity as compared to their White counterparts. This health inequity presents a public health concern as consequences of weight-related chronic diseases often persist into adulthood and are increasingly problematic. As chronic stress has been found to be higher among African American youth compared to White adolescents, it presents as a potential barrier to participation for African American families in health promotion interventions. Additionally, it may be beneficial to target stress in health promotion programs as a modifiable factor in conjunction with health behaviors that may improve outcomes related …

One Training Is Not Enough: The Effects Of A Cultural Humility Training On Mentors’ Verbal Behavior, Anna Flitner

Theses and Dissertations

Youth mentoring has been used as a method of prevention and intervention related to social, psychological, and academic outcomes for youth and adolescents, many of whom come from minoritized or low SES backgrounds. Although more diverse than other helping professions, mentors in formal programs are often white which can lead to potential cultural incongruence. To help mentors understand their own identities and work with youth of diverse backgrounds, mentoring programs have begun implementing cultural humility trainings. The current study examines the effects of a cultural humility training in mentoring. Mentors were randomly assigned to the control or training condition in …

An Examination Of Sustained Attention During Complex Multitasking Scenarios, Jonathan Cheshire Rann

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation project examined the time-course of vigilance decrements that occur when operators perform demanding multitasking activities. For this aim, we conducted three experiments which implemented a novel paradigm we developed that measured performance during two sessions: a Single-Task session in which participants performed a go-no-go target detection task in the absence of any other task for approximately 12 minutes; and a Multi-Task session in which participants performed the detection task simultaneously with a driving-based tracking task for the same duration. A total of 183 participants from the University of South Carolina Department of Psychology took part in this study. …

Efficacy Of, And Preference For, A Modification To Differential Reinforcement Procedures, Carissa Basile

Dissertations (1934 -)

Tic disorders, such as Tourette’s Syndrome, are chronic, childhood-onset neurological conditions that involve sudden, repetitive, and involuntary motor movements and/or vocalizations. Individuals with tics often experience a premonitory urge, which is an aversive sensation that occurs right before a tic that may functionally influence tics. Previous research has suggested reinforced tic suppression can effectively reduce tics. Although effective, it may be useful to better understand the behavioral contingencies that most effectively lead to suppression. The purpose of the current study was to compare standard reinforced tic suppression with reinforced tic suppression that included an option for participant-initiated breaks using an …

Latine Youth's Intersecting Identities And Mental Health Outcomes: Examining The Mediating Role Of Family Functioning, Anne Malkoff

Dissertations (1934 -)

In the existing literature base, the mechanisms by which a bicultural identity leads to more positive mental health outcomes among Latine youth are not yet clearly understood. The present study aimed to clarify these relationships by examining family functioning as a possible mediating variable between Latine youth’s cultural identity-related processes (i.e., bicultural identity integration, bicultural stress, ethnic identity, parent-child acculturation differences) and mental health outcomes (i.e., internalizing/externalizing symptoms and overall well-being). Participants included Latine youth (ages 9-12; n = 78) and their parents (n = 70) who were primarily recruited to participate in the study via Facebook over the course …

Why Employees Accept Lower Pay At Mission-Oriented Companies, Insiya Hussain, Marko Pitesa, Stefan Thau, Michael Schaerer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Today’s companies are likely to tout how their work benefits human welfare or “makes the world a better place.” Recent research suggests that this may come with a potential financial drawback for workers, as it can inhibit them from negotiating for higher pay. Over five studies, job candidates consistently reported that they worried asking for higher pay from these companies would be seen as greedy or inappropriate. This suggests they are aware of a common bias, known as motivation purity bias, where managers believe employees interested in material rewards of work (such as pay) are less motivated than those motivated …

Sleep, Cognition, And Alzheimer’S Disease: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Hannah Wilks

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.