Psychology Commons^™

Fear Appeals For Increasing Intentions To Have Colorectal Cancer Screening Among High-Risk Adults: Moderating Role Of Tripartite Self-Construal, Suprapa Sa-Ngasri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered a threat to life. Early detection is key to effective treatment. Fear appeal is one of the most famous techniques to persuade people to uptake CRC screening. This current study attempted to replicate the congruent effect of cultural orientation at an individual level and fear message types. A 3 (self-construal) x 2 (self-threatened versus family-threatened) factorial research design was employed to examine the effect of tripartite self-construal and the types of fear message on the perceived threat, feelings of fear, attitude and intention toward CRC screening among Thais. One hundred and thirty-three adults aged between …

Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On Prosocial Behaviors Among Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis Of Single-Case Research, Nisveta Velic

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children has significantly increased since it was first identified in the 1930s. This increase has been attributed to the changes in the reporting practices within the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. To address this increase, many treatments have emerged, including video self-modeling (VSM). VSM has demonstrated efficacy as an intervention in treating a variety of ASD symptoms, ranging from communication deficits to maladaptive behaviors. VSM uses edited video clips that allow a child to watch him or herself successfully performing the targeted skill. To classify VSM as evidence-based …

East African Immigrants’ Perceptions Of Mental Illness In The United States, Marion R. Kwoba

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractMental illness is considered a silent killer in East Africa as it affects 1 in 4 people. Differences exist in how individuals from Western countries perceive mental illness compared to East Africans’ perceptions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the lived experiences of East African immigrants to the United States and the impact of these experiences on their perceptions of mental illness. Social learning theory and Berry’s acculturation model provided the framework for the study. Data were collected from 12 semistructured individual interviews with participants 20 years and older. The three themes that emerged from coding analysis …

A Lexical Approach To Collective Personality Using Nongroup Members As Raters, Robert Cameron Black

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The construct of personality exhibits utility in predicting group outcomes. However, quantifying a group personality construct has almost exclusively been accomplished by aggregating individual group member five-factor personality scores to derive the group personality score. This type of operationalizing rests on the assumption that collective personality exists and has a five-factor structure, makes results context specific, and limits cross-comparison of different types of groups. The purpose of this quantitative study was to apply a lexical approach and exploratory factor analysis to explore personality structure of a group at a group level. The research question focused on identifying if a construct …

Young Adults' Perceptions Of Recreational Marijuana Usage: A Phenomenological Investigation, Dr. Eric Franklin Prince

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractYoung adults as a whole are not making informed decisions about recreational marijuana usage. A lack of information about recreational marijuana usage is being circulated through advertising causing young adults to have false perceptions on the subject matter. Many young adults perceive marijuana as non-harmful in its totality, which contributes adverse side effects to their health. Young adult lived experiences were explored in the current study to discover, if they currently have a comprehensive understanding on the psychological and physiological outcomes associated with recreational marijuana use. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of young adults …

Importance Of Childhood Maltreatment On Borderline Personality In Adults: Meta-Analysis, Lisa Nicole Trentacosti

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Early childhood maltreatment (CM) is a risk factor for later psychopathology specifically Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). CM has been found to negatively affect social, emotional, and psychological development as well as the ability to foster and sustain interpersonal relationships throughout all stages of life. There are evidence-based interventions for different kinds of CM including Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT), Alternatives for Families - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT), relaxation training, and social skills training. The current study is a meta-analysis of published research into CM as it contributes to BPD in adults and is designed to examine the effect size of childhood …

Stress, Depression, And Anxiety, Oh My: Examining The Effects Of A Single-Session Seminar On Depression And Anxiety Symptomatology, Katelyn Sharpe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Young adults (aged 18-25) were identified as the most stressed age group due to internal and external factors that are relatively unique to their group. High stress levels are alarming as they coincide with a multitude of adverse effects on psychological health, including difficulty falling and staying asleep, reduction in overall sleep quality, and exacerbated depression and anxiety symptomatology. Young adults attending post-secondary education institutions are at particular risk for developing and maintaining these adverse psychological effects of stress, especially considering the low rate in which they seek treatment for psychiatric difficulties. Limited literature exists to date regarding condensing a …

Interictal Avoidance Of Sensory Stimuli Among Individuals With Migraine, Daniel Rogers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Migraine is the most debilitating neurological disorder worldwide and is associated with high economic and psychological costs. Common behavioral strategies for coping with migraine include avoidance of stimuli believed to precipitate an attack, though literature suggests that avoidance behaviors may serve to exacerbate migraine-symptoms and increase disability. Although the incorporation of trigger avoidance in modern conceptualizations of headache-related disability represents a more comprehensive understanding of disability occurring outside of migraine attacks (interictally), extant literature has emphasized trigger avoidance to the exclusion of other factors. Learning principles suggest stimuli that exacerbate migraine may take on similar eliciting properties as pain and …

Murders In The German Sex Trade: 1920 To 2017, Manuela Schon, Anna Hoheide

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

This research report is the result of collecting and evaluating data on cases of homicides and attempted homicides in the German sex trade from 1920-2017. The findings show violence against prostituted women and the attitudes of the sex buyers who commit most of the violent acts against the women. The report discusses the media coverage of murder cases, complication of cases, and a critique of methods of criminal evaluation by the police. From 1920 to 2017, 272 victims of murder and attempted murder were identified. Liberalization of prostitution occurred in 2002. From then until 2017, there is a decrease in …

Improving Psychological Pre-Surgical Evaluations For Chronic Back Pain By Linking Data Of Pre-Surgicalmmpi-2-Rf And Post Surgical Pain Interference On Emotional And Physical Functioning, Ethan Hayes

Honors Theses

Chronic pain is running rampant, and its treatment options can sometimes be more dangerous than the pain itself. With such a widespread prevalence – and chronic in the name - numerous individuals are left to deal with daily anguish that fails to abate. This Honors Thesis examines a sample of patients presenting with chronic pain and attempts to validate previous research investigating what factors determine candidacy for a possible treatment, dorsal column spinal stimulator surgery. Research supports that this treatment may have beneficial effects, but patients are sometimes unable to gain respite, despite having a stimulator implanted into their lower …

Relationship Between Narcissism, The Economy, And The Pandemic, Ruby A. Staten

Honors Theses

Narcissists are more likely to be found in individualistic cultures. The study focuses on the economic decline associated from the pandemic and the reduced narcissism levels in the population. Narcissism levels from the University of South Alabama undergraduate students would be lower in Fall 2020 compared to Fall 2019. This was assessed using students enrolled in introductory psychology courses during either Fall 2019 or Fall 2020 semesters who completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory during a subject pool registration process. Predictions were made that the NPI scores would be lower for the Fall 2020 sample compared to the Fall 2019 sample.

Divergent Thinking And Constructing Future Events: Dissociating Old From New Ideas, Preston P. Thakral, Amanda C. Yang, Donna Rose Addis, Daniel L. Schacter

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Divergent thinking (the ability to generate creative ideas by combining diverse types of information) has been previously linked to the ability to imagine novel and specific future autobiographical events. Here, we examined whether divergent thinking is differentially associated with the ability to construct novel imagined future events and recast future events (i.e., actual past events recast as future events) as opposed to recalled past events. We also examined whether different types of creative ideas (i.e., old ideas from memory or new ideas from imagination) underlie the linkage between divergent thinking and various autobiographical events. Divergent thinking ability was measured using …

Parent Coaching Via Telepractice For Children From Latinx Backgrounds With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Valeria Yllades, J. Birdie Ganz, Sanikan Wattanawongwan, Claudia Dunn, Lauren Pierson

All Faculty Scholarship (Archived)

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder from bilingual homes have to learn two languages and to discriminate which language to use across settings and people. Language instruction for this population is complicated by the core deficits in social-communication common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Language barriers create conflict between families and practitioners. Using a single case, multiple probe design across three parent-child dyads between 3-6 years from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, the present study examined the effect of telepractice-based parent coaching in a multimodal communication intervention. Culturally responsive approaches were integrated within the coaching model, including targeted interview questions. …

Sharing Positive Experiences On Social Media: An Investigation Of Online Capitalization, Responsiveness, And Subjective Well-Being, Sabrina Bierstetel

Wayne State University Dissertations

Capitalization is the process of sharing a personal positive experience with others. Capitalization and perceived capitalization responsiveness are known to be associated with a host of positive outcomes (Gable & Reis, 2010; Peters, Reis, & Gable, 2018), but effects have been largely ignored outside of close relationships and within the realm of social media. This dissertation examined the effects of capitalization support on subjective well-being within the context of online social media platforms across two studies. The proposed studies utilized correlational, experimental, and qualitative methodologies to identify a specific type of online behavior (i.e., capitalization) that can support subjective well-being …

Assessment Tools In Clinical And Counseling Psychology, Alea Reifenrath

Undergraduate Research Journal

Evidence-based assessment (EBA) is defined as the use of standardized assessment tools that have research support for their psychometric properties (Jensen-Doss & Hawley, 2010). Assessment is a key aspect of the therapeutic process. It involves screening individuals who are at risk for a particular mental health concern, determining the severity of a given issue, and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. EBA allows for best practice by providing empirically sound, valid, reliable measures of assessment.

The broad areas of anxiety and depression represent extremely common disorders. Because of their high prevalence, evidence-based assessment tools catered toward depression and anxiety could be …

The Relationship Between Homonegativity, Sexual Harassment Myth Acceptance, Harasser And Target Sex, And Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Emily J. Ready, Hannah S. Bologna, Leilani B. Goodmon, Patrick Smith

Modern Psychological Studies

The current purpose was to determine the relationship between participant homonegativity, sexual harassment myth acceptance, and perceptions of sexual harassment where the gender of the target and harasser varied. Contrary to the hypothesis, higher and lower homonegativity participants did not differ in their perceptions of harassment severity, realism, or consequence and higher homonegativity participants did not report any differences in perceptions between the different-sex and same-sex scenarios. However as hypothesized, participant homonegativity was positively correlated with sexual harassment myth acceptance. Interestingly, participants higher in homonegativity or sexual harassment myth acceptance were more likely to rate the harassment as less severe …

The Impact Of An Attorney’S Speaking Fluency When Delivering An Opening Statement On Juror Decisions, Truley A. Juneau, Paige E. Northern, Sarah "Uma" Tauber

Modern Psychological Studies

A wealth of research has focused on factors that impact jurors’ decisions based on the information made available to them in court. However, in no prior research has the impact of how well an attorney delivers an opening statement been isolated to evaluate its direct impact on jurors’ decisions. To explore this issue, students were randomly assigned to read a fluent or disfluent version of an opening statement. The fluency of the attorney’s opening statement did not impact liability ratings or ratings of the likelihood of hiring the defendant. By contrast, the fluency of the attorney’s opening statement significantly influenced …

Emotion In Motion: Investigating The Relationship Between Interpersonal Motor Coordination And Emotional States, Margaret D. Hall, Veronica Romero

Modern Psychological Studies

The present study investigated the relationship between a person’s emotional state and interpersonal coordination. Researchers primed fifty-one participants to either be angry or happy through a writing prompt. Participants did an arm curl activity while watching a video-taped confederate doing arm curls at a set pace with a congruent or incongruent emotion. The participants were told that this video was a projected live stream. Finally, participants completed measures of post-activity emotions and rapport with and likeability toward the confederate. Our experimental design included an independent samples t-tests to examine the effect of congruency on interpersonal coordination, post-activities, and rapport with …

Empathy As A Buffer: The Moderating Effect Of Trait Empathy On Counterproductive Work Behavior, Amanda Grinley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

While much research has been dedicated to determining what may cause workers to engage in counterproductive behavior at work, fairly less attention has been paid to the factors which may influence individuals to refrain from enacting these behaviors. The current study was conducted to determine whether trait empathy may be one such factor and serve as a moderator of the relationship between work stressors and intentions to commit counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Using the theoretical framework of the stressor-emotion model of CWB it was hypothesized more specifically that empathy moderated the mediating effects of negative affect on relationships between stressors …

A Longitudinal Examination Of Depression Among Older Adults: The Role Of Working Memory And Sleep, David Brush

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Introduction: The development and regulation of depressive symptoms and the ability to regulate their development is a complex process. Both working memory and sleep disturbance relates to depressive symptom endorsement, though the mechanisms relating these variables have not been examined longitudinally. The current manuscript contains a series of three interrelated studies that aim to elucidate the relationship between potential emotion regulation resources longitudinally within the context of the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation of Emotion Regulation (SOC-ER) model. Study one examined the temporal relationship between working memory and depression, study two examined working memory and depression following loss of spouse, and …

None Of Your Beeswax: The Role Of Perceived Coworker Nosiness And Interpersonal Trust In Predicting Knowledge Provision At Work, Richard Currie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

As group- and team-based employment structures increase in popularity, it is important to understand the factors that promote or inhibit the transfer of knowledge or information between employees. Given that knowledge transfer processes often occur as a result of requests for knowledge or information from information targets by information seekers, this dissertation focused on a specific form of information-seeking behaviors – coworker nosiness – and the process through which perceptions of coworker nosiness result in knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding behaviors. Perceived coworker nosiness refers to behaviors judged by information targets as high-frequency information-seeking behaviors that are meant to gather …

Maternal Cannabis Use Is Associated With Suppression Of Immune Gene Networks In Placenta And Increased Anxiety Phenotypes In Offspring, Gregory Rompala, Yoko Nomura, Yasmin L. Hurd

Publications and Research

While cannabis is among the most used recreational drugs during pregnancy, the impact of maternal cannabis use (mCB) on fetal and child development remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of mCB on psychosocial and physiological measures in young children along with the potential relevance of the in-utero environment reflected in the placental transcriptome. Children (~3-6 years) were assessed for hair hormone levels, neurobehavioral traits on the behavioral assessment system for children (BASC-2) survey, and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during auditory startle. For a subset of children with behavioral assessments, placental specimens collected at birth were processed …

Perceptions Of Conflict Management In Relationships, Shae Page

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Managing conflict is something that is unavoidable, especially within romantic relationships. There are several factors that can i.nfluence how successfully a person manages conflict; such as the type of conflict involved, the conflict management strategy they employ, and possibly even their adult attachment style. The purpose of this study was to see if the perceived success of conflict management would be affected by a person's adult attachment style, and if certain conflict management strategies would be associated with certain attachment styles. Seventy seven participants read four sets of biographies and conflict scenarios and answered questions about perceived success of conflict …

Impact Of Culturally Diverse Leadership In Finance Organizations On Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intent, Yashica Bailey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Finance organizations are taking on the challenges involved in keeping workers and determining the reasons why there is turnover within a certain time period. Leaders need to develop cultural knowledge to effectively understand and aid organizations in terms of job satisfaction and avoiding turnover intent. When workers are committed and loyal, companies save time and money. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of culturally diverse leadership on job satisfaction and turnover intent. Herzberg’s two-factor theory was used to address behaviors and determine outcomes. The research addressed how culturally diverse leadership influenced job satisfaction and turnover intentions …

Critical Factors That Influence Job Attitudes Among Employees In The Disaster Management Sector, Leslie Myers Mccall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Professional attitudes toward results-oriented performance cut across job sectors; however, they are pronounced among disaster management personnel. Within the disaster management sector (DMS), commitment to the organization is critical to retention and quality services and has been shown to be related to degree of work satisfaction; however, research remains lacking related to the specific needs of the DMS related to employee and volunteer worker attraction, engagement, and retention. The purpose of this study was to explore job attitudes among disaster management sector (DMS) workers to create and support a more effective solution to employee job attitude problems and to promote …

Resilience As A Mediator Of Perceived Organizational Justice And Turnover Intention For Licensed School Counselors, Autumn Warren Raffety

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

School counselor shortages and high turnover rates have been reported in school districts across the United States. These high turnover rates have led to critical problems for educational institutions as counselors serve a vital role in organizational success and stability. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention and whether resilience mediated this relationship for 102 licensed school counselors working in elementary and secondary schools in the United States. Equity theory provided the theoretical foundation for this study, and a nonexperimental correlational research design was used to examine the research questions. …

Effects Of Mindful Attentional Regulation On Illicit Opioid Use For Individuals Participating In Medication Assisted Treatment: A Pilot Study, Stephen Sooter

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractIllicit opioid use takes thousands of Americans’ lives each year, reduces the quality of life for affected individuals, and results in sizable socioeconomic costs. Existing research has supported medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for this condition; however, MAT participants often continue to experience opioid craving and using behaviors. Mindfulness based relapse prevention (MBRP) uses mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce likelihood of substance use relapse. This study used a combination of physical dependence theory, positive incentive theory, and classical conditioning theory to evaluate the impact of MBRP on illicit opioid use and cravings in a quantitative randomized, controlled experimental design. …

Structured Training Programs For Direct Support Professionals On Behavior Intervention Support Plans, Melody Lane Barnes-Meisenhelder

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Direct support professionals work with developmentally disabled individuals and are responsible for implementing behavior intervention support plans (BISPs). Little is known about the efficacy of supplemental BISP training in these professionals. The purpose of this quantitative experimental study was to investigate the efficacy of BISP training to improve knowledge and applied understanding of BISPs in direct support professionals. Social validation, treatment fidelity, and change theories served as the foundations of the study. Seventy-three newly hired direct support professionals were randomized into an experimental group with a 2-day workshop training or a standard training group. BISP knowledge was assessed before and …

Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Catholic Priests, Richard Ehusani

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research suggests that the clergy could be at the risk of developing secondary traumatic stress (STS) because of their secondary exposure to trauma within pastoral work; however, there has been no explicit discussion of STS related to Catholic priests who may be more at the risk of developing STS than their counterparts in other churches. The requirement of priestly celibacy often leaves Catholic priests with little to no immediate social and emotional support network of family. Because of their sacred vow to keep the confessional seal unbroken in whatever circumstance, Catholic priests also may not share confessional information, even when …

Stress Perceptions And Verbal Commands For Law Enforcement In High-Stress Situations, John Kenneth Gibson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Acute stress can have a negative effect on the physiology and cognitive performance of peace officers when they are engaged in high-stress situations. This could lead to injury or loss of life if a mistaken perception occurs or incorrect decision is made by the officer or suspect. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of stress for peace officers who issue verbal commands to an aggressive role-playing suspect in a use-of-force scenario. The theoretical framework was Lazarus and Folkman's transactional theory of stress and coping. Data were collected from observations, field notes, and semi-structured interviews …