Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Psychology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2020

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 3451 - 3480 of 4130

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Anti-Atheist Discrimination, Outness, And Psychological Distress Among Atheists Of Color, Dena M. Abbott, Michael Ternes, Caitlin Mercier, Chris Monceaux Jan 2020

Anti-Atheist Discrimination, Outness, And Psychological Distress Among Atheists Of Color, Dena M. Abbott, Michael Ternes, Caitlin Mercier, Chris Monceaux

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Using a Concealable Stigmatized Identity (CSI) framework, the present study explored disclosure and concealment of atheist identity, anti-atheist discrimination, and psychological distress among participants (N = 87) identified as both atheists and people of color residing in the United States (US). Path analysis was utilized to examine the relationships among variables. Consistent with past CSI and outness research, the final model suggested small, significant associations between higher disclosure of atheist identity and more experiences of anti-atheist discrimination as well as between higher concealment and higher psychological distress. Unexpectedly, higher concealment of atheist identity was associated with higher anti-atheist discrimination …

Go to article

A Mixed Methods Approach To Studying Risk Perceptions Among Latina Patients In The Emergency Department: Gender Roles And Hiv Risk Behaviors, Juliana Cardoso Smith Jan 2020

A Mixed Methods Approach To Studying Risk Perceptions Among Latina Patients In The Emergency Department: Gender Roles And Hiv Risk Behaviors, Juliana Cardoso Smith

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The intersection of race and gender are critical determinants of healthcare experiences. Women from minority groups face unequal access to healthcare, such as HIV testing; consequently, leading to worse outcomes in several health conditions compared to Non-Hispanic White females, including HIV rates. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) affects an estimated 1.2 million individuals in the United States, disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities. Latinas are estimated to be four times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV compared to white females. Despite the availability of HIV testing in Emergency Departments across the United States, patients may still underreport their HIV risk and have …

Go to article

We Are All Green: Stereotypes For Female Soldiers And Veterans, Katherine French Jan 2020

We Are All Green: Stereotypes For Female Soldiers And Veterans, Katherine French

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

As the number of females in the U.S. military continues to rise, the need for research concerning this cohort becomes increasingly important. In consideration of gender role theory, society may assume that soldiers and veterans are male, due to stereotypes. Thus, it was hypothesized that participants would be more likely to implicitly associate military (i.e. prior military or combat veteran) as male compared the neutral condition (i.e. prior Peace Corp volunteer). The current study (N = 174) used gender pronouns as implicit measures of gender assumptions. Participants were assigned to read six gender neutral scenarios; three focal scenarios (i.e. combat …

Go to article

Comparing The Language Of Computer-Mediated Versus Face-To-Face Motivational-Type Interviews, Karla Deyanira Llanes Jan 2020

Comparing The Language Of Computer-Mediated Versus Face-To-Face Motivational-Type Interviews, Karla Deyanira Llanes

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The current study seeks to determine if computer-mediated and face-to-face motivational-type interviews elicit the same level of affect words and insight words in young adults who are ambivalent about their marijuana use. One-hundred and fifty young adults from a large urban university were randomly assigned to complete a brief motivational-type interview using a standard face-to-face format or instead a novel computer-mediated format. In the computer-mediated format, the interviewer and participant communicated via computer from separate rooms. A two-month follow-up survey assessed each participant's past two-month marijuana use. Pennebaker's Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program was used to determine if …

Go to article

The Development Of The Rapport Scales For Investigative Interviews And Interrogations, Observer Version (Rs3i-O), Justin Loren Magee Jan 2020

The Development Of The Rapport Scales For Investigative Interviews And Interrogations, Observer Version (Rs3i-O), Justin Loren Magee

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Rapport between an interviewer and a source is a vital component of successful investigative interviews and interrogations. Accurate measurement of rapport in these interactions is crucial to understanding its development and maintenance. The Rapport Scales for Investigative Interviews and Interrogations, Source version (RS3i-S; Duke et al., 2018) was developed to measure sources' perception of rapport, but no tool has been developed to measure rapport from a third-party observer's perspective. The primary purpose of this study was to develop the Rapport Scales for Investigative Interviews and Interrogations, Observer version (RS3i-O), a tool that allows observers to rate the rapport generated in …

Go to article

Bilingual Children's L1 And L2 Word Frequency Effects: The Role Of Individual Differences, Astrid Michelle Portillo Jan 2020

Bilingual Children's L1 And L2 Word Frequency Effects: The Role Of Individual Differences, Astrid Michelle Portillo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Bilingualism continues to grow among the world's population. Nevertheless, most research studies on language processing have focused on monolingual individuals, leaving questions about how language processing unfolds in bilingual individuals. Here, we investigated how individual differences in bilingual experience, indexed by current L2 exposure, impact eye movement measures of reading fluency, indexed by word frequency effects, in an understudied population: bilingual children. Prior eye movement research involving bilingual younger adults (aged 18 to 30) has reported a trade-off in L1 and L2 word frequency effects with greater levels of current L2 exposure (Whitford & Titone, 2012, 2017). We wanted to …

Go to article

Further Validation Of The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire For Assessing Motivations For Responsible Drinking: A Test Of Self-Determination Theory, Dylan Richards Jan 2020

Further Validation Of The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire For Assessing Motivations For Responsible Drinking: A Test Of Self-Determination Theory, Dylan Richards

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are cognitive-behavioral strategies used before, during, and/or after drinking to reduce alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Self-determination theory (SDT) provides a potentially useful framework to understand motivations for responsible drinking, which is operationalized in the present study as PBS use. In the present study, the relation of motivations for responsible drinking, as assessed by the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), with other SDT constructs (psychological need satisfaction and dispositional autonomy) and PBS use, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems were examined among college students drinkers. A sample of 507 college students who reported consuming alcohol at least …

Go to article

Development And Validation Of The Perinatal Mental Health Literacy Scale Among Latinas, Irma Y. Torres-Catanach Jan 2020

Development And Validation Of The Perinatal Mental Health Literacy Scale Among Latinas, Irma Y. Torres-Catanach

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Psychiatric disorders in pregnancy and in the first year after childbirth are considered a significant health complication of the perinatal period (O'Hara & Wisner, 2014). The prevalence of perinatal mood disorders has been shown to be higher among women from racial/ethnic minority groups (Gavin et al., 2011; Melville et al., 2010). As the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the U.S., Latinas are disproportionately affected by these disparities. Despite the volume of research examining the prevalence of and treatment for perinatal psychiatric disorders, there is a dearth of knowledge focused on educational approaches that aim to reduce perinatal mental health disparities. …

Go to article

Ketamine Pre-Exposure Does Not Influence Later-Life Responses To Reward-Related Stimuli In Female C57bl/6 Mice, Israel Garcia Jan 2020

Ketamine Pre-Exposure Does Not Influence Later-Life Responses To Reward-Related Stimuli In Female C57bl/6 Mice, Israel Garcia

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Preclinical work indicates that exposure to traditional antidepressant medications, in adolescent and adult female subjects, alters reward-related behavior later in life. In recent years, the anesthetic ketamine (KET), now used as a fast-acting antidepressant, has shown promising therapeutic efficacy for the management of depression. However, the potential long-term behavioral consequences of KET exposure across development have not been thoroughly assessed. Thus, to address this issue, we examined if KET exposure, during adolescence or early adulthood, results in enduring alterations in responsivity to the rewarding properties of sucrose and cocaine later in life. Specifically, female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to …

Go to article

Parents Coaching In Naturalistic Interventions To Improve Communication Skills For Adolescents And Adults With Autism Via Communication Skills For Adolescents And Adults With Autism Via Telepractice, Sanikan Wattanawongwan, J. Birdie Ganz, Valeria Yllades, Claudia Dunn, Sarah K. Ura Jan 2020

Parents Coaching In Naturalistic Interventions To Improve Communication Skills For Adolescents And Adults With Autism Via Communication Skills For Adolescents And Adults With Autism Via Telepractice, Sanikan Wattanawongwan, J. Birdie Ganz, Valeria Yllades, Claudia Dunn, Sarah K. Ura

All Faculty Scholarship (Archived)

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Increase Parent Involvement For Iep Meeting Via Telecommunication, Sanikan Wattanawongwan Jan 2020

Increase Parent Involvement For Iep Meeting Via Telecommunication, Sanikan Wattanawongwan

All Faculty Scholarship (Archived)

Parent involvement is one of the six procedures required to support children with disabilities in the U.S. Parent involvement is an important strategy to support students with disabilities success in learning in the school. Parents are the ones who know and understand their children better than others. It is critical to invite parents to make a decision on their child's education process. There is a lack of parents' involvement in special education services such as taking part in Individualized Education Program (IEP) and receiving of a child's educational programming. Parents and families of individuals with disabilities have rights to acknowledge, …

Go to article

The More You Know: How Adolescent Defendants' Age, Gender, And Psychosocial Maturity Influence Mock Jurors' Perceptions, Isabelle M. Clough Jan 2020

The More You Know: How Adolescent Defendants' Age, Gender, And Psychosocial Maturity Influence Mock Jurors' Perceptions, Isabelle M. Clough

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Adolescents are considered less responsible than adults for criminal behavior due to their developmental immaturity (Cauffman & Steinberg, 2000). When adolescents are transferred from juvenile court to adult court, however, they may be judged by jury members who do not recognize adolescents' diminished maturity nor understand how maturity influences culpability. The present study therefore sought to examine how information about adolescent defendants' age, gender, and psychosocial maturity influences mock jurors' perceptions of responsibility, guilt, and appropriate sentencing severity. A pilot study (N = 113 undergraduates) first determined the most appropriate vignette for the final study: an adolescent charged with hit-and-run …

Go to article

Dating-Up: Discrepancy Of Inclusion Of Other In The Self As A Result Of Partner-Self Mate Value Discrepancy, Jacqueline Lechuga Jan 2020

Dating-Up: Discrepancy Of Inclusion Of Other In The Self As A Result Of Partner-Self Mate Value Discrepancy, Jacqueline Lechuga

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Inclusion of other in the self â?? the experience of closeness as overlapping selves â?? has a critical role in the success of romantic relationships. Romantic partners, however, might experience differences in their inclusion of each other, which can be problematic. Therefore, it is important to identify what factors can result in a discrepancy of inclusion of other in the self between romantic partners. Study 1 tested how perceived differences in desirability between the self and a romantic partner are associated with inclusion of other in the self and closeness. Romantic couples (n=122) completed measures that assessed inclusion of other …

Go to article

Acute Sensitivity And Tolerance To Alcohol As Predictors Of At-Risk Drinking, Holley Allen Jan 2020

Acute Sensitivity And Tolerance To Alcohol As Predictors Of At-Risk Drinking, Holley Allen

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Laboratory studies have reliably shown that reduced sensitivity to alcohol’s subjective intoxicating effect is associated with heavier drinking. More recently, there has been research to suggest that heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol might also contribute to at-risk drinking. Most research on the acute effects of alcohol has focused on drinking magnitudes averaged across participants with little attention to how individual differences influence abuse potential. This study overcomes previous limitations by testing the degree to which individual differences in acute sensitivity and tolerance to the subjective intoxicating and disinhibiting effects of alcohol predict drinking behavior in a large …

Go to article

Mental Contamination, Coping, And Ptsd Symptom Severity Following Sexual Trauma, Jordyn M. Tipsword Jan 2020

Mental Contamination, Coping, And Ptsd Symptom Severity Following Sexual Trauma, Jordyn M. Tipsword

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Mental contamination (MC) – an internal sense of dirtiness experienced without contact with a contaminant – has been linked to PTSD symptoms among sexual trauma survivors. However, existing work has been limited to cross-sectional or quasi-experimental designs – precluding conclusions concerning the directionality of associations among PTSD symptoms and MC – and little work has examined potential mediators of those associations. The present study utilized a prospective design to evaluate the directionality of associations between MC and PTSD symptoms and the role of avoidance and approach coping in mediating those associations. Participants included 41 women with a history of sexual …

Go to article

Cancer Patients’ Tobacco Use And Tobacco Treatment Referral Response: Implementation Outcomes At A National Cancer Institute- Designated Cancer Center, Tia Borger Jan 2020

Cancer Patients’ Tobacco Use And Tobacco Treatment Referral Response: Implementation Outcomes At A National Cancer Institute- Designated Cancer Center, Tia Borger

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Smoking after cancer diagnosis is linked to cancer-specific and all-cause mortality among other adverse outcomes. Yet, 10-20% of U.S. cancer survivors are current smokers. Implementation of evidence-based tobacco treatment in cancer care facilities is widely recommended, yet rarely accomplished. This study focuses on the early outcomes of a tobacco treatment program integrated within an NCI-designated cancer center. Participants consist of 26,365 patients seen at the cancer center during the first 18 months of implementation. The study is a retrospective chart review of patients’ tobacco use, and among current users, patients’ treatment referral response. Over 99% of patients were screened for …

Go to article

Assessing Therapists’ Attitudes Toward Consensually Non-Monogamous Clients, Tara Baluck Jan 2020

Assessing Therapists’ Attitudes Toward Consensually Non-Monogamous Clients, Tara Baluck

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Despite a sizeable body of research demonstrating that consensual non-monogamy (CNM) is a viable alternative to monogamy, anti-CNM bias amongst individuals in the general population has been a consistent research finding. While more recent research on this topic has focused on CNM clients’ perceptions of their therapists’ cultural competence working with CNM clients, few studies have addressed therapists’ cultural competence or bias in working with these populations. At the time of this study’s proposal, only two studies were found which examined therapists’ attitudes directly, but these findings are more than 30 years old. The present study attempted to address this …

Go to article

Motor Skill Performance And Physical Activity In Children With Features Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Morgan K. Wright Jan 2020

Motor Skill Performance And Physical Activity In Children With Features Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Morgan K. Wright

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Fifty to 100% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit motor skills deficits. In addition to motor skill deficits, children with ASD have been reported to engage in less physical activity than their neurotypical peers. Motor skill deficits and limited physical activity may impact functioning in other domains, including physical fitness and adaptive skills. The present study examined the relationship between motor skills, physical activity, physical fitness, and adaptive skills in children with a range of ASD features. A sample of 41 children ages 7-12 years participated in the study. Participants and their parents completed assessments of motor skills, …

Go to article

Perceived Threat And Left-Wing Authoritarianism: The Effect Of Framing On Persuasive Messages, James Donald Mcfarland Jan 2020

Perceived Threat And Left-Wing Authoritarianism: The Effect Of Framing On Persuasive Messages, James Donald Mcfarland

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Past research reveals a strong connection between feeling threatened and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). This relationship is considered to be an integral part of authoritarianism and the nature of its presence in the left-leaning populace is still being fully explored. This study examined the relationship between perceived threat and Left-Wing Authoritarianism (LWA) through the framing of persuasive messages. Participants (n = 256) were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and given a list of reward- or threat-framed statements concerning the possible ramifications of voting in future elections and then asked to rate the quality and persuasiveness of the respective statements. …

Go to article

Emotional Intelligence As Mediator Between Culture And Transformational Leadership In Jamaican Female Managers, Audrey Jean Allen Jan 2020

Emotional Intelligence As Mediator Between Culture And Transformational Leadership In Jamaican Female Managers, Audrey Jean Allen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

While women continue to make progress in terms of graduate level education, discrepancies remain between women and men when it comes to opportunities for professional growth and development into executive leadership positions and playing a role in the boardroom. Guided by the theories of emotional intelligence (EI), transformational leadership (TL), and Hofstede's cultural values, the purpose of this quantitative mediation analysis was to determine the mediating effect of EI on the relationship between cultural values and TL in Jamaican female managers. Data were collected from 38 Jamaican female managers who were working with varied public and private sector entities located …

Go to article

Rewilding Or Reviewing: Conservation And The Elephant-Based Tourism Industry, Ingrid Suter Jan 2020

Rewilding Or Reviewing: Conservation And The Elephant-Based Tourism Industry, Ingrid Suter

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler (2020) provide a detailed examination of elephants in captivity, from an historical perspective to modern-day concerns. Concerns include the poor level of mahout skills and subsequent captive elephant welfare issues in the Thai elephant tourism industry. Rewilding is proposed as a method of rehabilitation and a way to include mahouts in the conservation process. This commentary argues that the tourism industry is making positive changes and mahout skills can be utilised successfully without the arduous task of rewilding. Animal rights groups and the transfer of misinformation surrounding captive elephant welfare are also examined, as these typically fail …

Go to article

Could A Robot Be Your Psychotherapist?, Benjamin Huston Jan 2020

Could A Robot Be Your Psychotherapist?, Benjamin Huston

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

As technology has advanced over the years, it has been integrated into psychotherapy and changed the way that people receive mental health care (Schopp, Demiris, & Glueckauf, 2006). Many of these advances, such as telehealth practices, were seen as unsustainable until the public Internet offered broader access to technology-based care in the 1990s (Schopp, Demiris, & Glueckauf, 2006). These technology-based practices have since grown in popularity and with a recent increase in telehealth practices, text-based therapies, and applications to aid in mental health practices, modern therapy looks very different than it did even ten years ago (Fiske, Henningsen, & Buyx, …

Go to article

Wood Or Steel? Six Practices For An Effective Learning Relationship From Martial Arts To Psychology, Jessica Luginbuhl Jan 2020

Wood Or Steel? Six Practices For An Effective Learning Relationship From Martial Arts To Psychology, Jessica Luginbuhl

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Becoming a psychologist is founded on supervision, the practice of learning the craft by doing the craft under the watchful eye of an expert. Becoming a black belt in martial arts is based on a similar principle of endless practice with the guidance of a master. How a teacher, supervisor, or sensei navigates the relationship with their student is crucial to the student’s ability to arrive at mastery of the craft. Methods for creating an appropriate and effective teacher/student relationship are explored by examining parallels between teaching practices used by karate teachers, and teaching practices used by graduate-level supervisors. Relevant …

Go to article

Human-Controlled Survival Of Nonhumans, Donelson E. Dulany Jan 2020

Human-Controlled Survival Of Nonhumans, Donelson E. Dulany

Animal Sentience

Treves et al. are right about the need for morally just preservation of nonhumans. Their suggestions can move us in that direction. But isn’t what only humans are capable of doing in analyzing and solving these problems, in its broadest sense, “anthropocentrism”?

Go to article

Comparative Cognition And Nonhuman Individuality, Catia Correia Caeiro Jan 2020

Comparative Cognition And Nonhuman Individuality, Catia Correia Caeiro

Animal Sentience

Commentators Washington (2019) and Tiffin (2019) point out that the individual vs. collective dichotomy is much more complex than what is considered in the target article. This commentary will focus on why individuals are more important than collectives. Species differences in cognition and emotional processes and individuals’ feelings and experiences need to be taken into account.

Go to article

Toward A Non-Anthropocentric View On The Environment And Animal Welfare: Possible Psychological Interventions, Sarah Gradidge, Magdalena Zawisza Jan 2020

Toward A Non-Anthropocentric View On The Environment And Animal Welfare: Possible Psychological Interventions, Sarah Gradidge, Magdalena Zawisza

Animal Sentience

Treves, Santiago-Avila, and Lynn (2019) argue for adopting a non-anthropocentric worldview to prevent further environmental damage and lack of consideration for animals. We discuss psychological interventions that might help achieve this.

Go to article

Whether Invertebrates Are Sentient Matters To Bioethics And Science Policy, Michael L. Woodruff Jan 2020

Whether Invertebrates Are Sentient Matters To Bioethics And Science Policy, Michael L. Woodruff

Animal Sentience

Mikhalevich & Powell provide convincing empirical evidence that at least some invertebrates are sentient and hence should be granted moral status. I agree and argue that functional markers should be the primary indicators of sentience. Neuroanatomical homologies provide only secondary evidence. Consensus regarding the validity of these functional markers will be difficult to achieve. To be effective in practice, functional markers of sentience will have to be tested and accepted species by species to overcome the implicit biases against extending moral status to invertebrates.

Go to article

It Does Not Cost The Earth To Be Kind, Svetlana Feigin Jan 2020

It Does Not Cost The Earth To Be Kind, Svetlana Feigin

Animal Sentience

The COVID-19 crisis is a wake-up call on a global scale. What lessons we learn from this crisis will determine our survival as a species. The global health crisis calls for individual and collective changes in our agricultural practices and our consumption habits. Most important, it is a call for us as a species to move towards an empathic way of living and interacting with nature.

Go to article

Building And Sustaining Hope In The Face Of Failure: Understanding The Role Of Strategic Social Support, Kira K. Wenzel Phd Jan 2020

Building And Sustaining Hope In The Face Of Failure: Understanding The Role Of Strategic Social Support, Kira K. Wenzel Phd

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

The research on hope has focused on how individuals build and maintain hopeful emotions through their own successful attempts of achieving their goals using personal agency and pathways. Success in meeting the goal leads to higher levels of hope within an individual and an increased belief that they can achieve more difficult tasks, while failure leads to a decrease in levels of hope (Helland & Winston, 2005; Snyder, Rand, & Sigmon, 2002; Snyder, Shorey, Cheavens, Pulvers, Adams, & Wiklund, 2002; Snyder, Irving, & Anderson, 1991). The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating relationship of strategic social support …

Go to article

Attitude Strength And Situational Strength As Moderators Of The Job Satisfaction – Job Performance Relationship, Joseph William Dagosta Jan 2020

Attitude Strength And Situational Strength As Moderators Of The Job Satisfaction – Job Performance Relationship, Joseph William Dagosta

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Workers who are satisfied with their jobs are better performers, but prior research has found a plethora of moderating variables between job satisfaction and job performance (Ostroff, 1992, Schleicher, Watt, & Greguras, 2004; Spector, 1997). Prior research has suggested that job attitude strength can strengthen the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance and that the relationships between personality variables and extra-role job performance are stronger in weak rather than strong workplace situations (Meyer et al., 2014; Shleicher et al., 2015). In the current study, I investigated the interaction between job satisfaction, job attitude strength, and situational strength on job …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last