Psychology Commons^™

Uncertainty In The Context Of End-Of-Life Communication In Heart Failure, Caleb Pardue

Dissertations

End-of-life communication between patients, their family members, and healthcare providers is essential to quality care at the end-of-life. Advance care planning is increasingly utilized to facilitate end-of-life communication, but heart failure patients in particular face numerous challenges to achieving adequate end-of-life communication. Extant literature has highlighted the inherent uncertainty in heart failure as a barrier to end-of-life communication as well as the role of time perspective on the experience of heart failure patients, but little empirical research has been conducted to examine the impact of these constructs. The sample included 168 participants with heart failure who were recruited online through …

The Life-Saving Drug That No One Knows About: Naloxone Education And The Health Belief Model, Sarah Tilford

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Naloxone hydrochloride, popularly known by the brand name Narcan, is an emergency treatment used to reverse an overdose on opioid drugs. The CDC reports upwards of 26,000 individuals saved by naloxone between 1996 and 2014 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Despite this success rate, those outside of the medical field largely remain unaware of what naloxone is or how they can use it in an emergency, leading to needless loss of life. Many studies focusing on naloxone access and education have been unable to offer findings meant to increase the use and ownership of the drug by lay …

The Impact Of Paternal Caregivers For Youth Who Commit Sexual Offenses, Miranda Hope Sitney

Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation presents three manuscripts exploring the impact of caregivers, particularly male caregivers, on the development of juvenile sexual offending behavior. The first manuscript investigated the role of disrupted caregiving for juvenile sexual offenders compared to non-offending juveniles and youth who committed non-sexual crimes. The results indicated that juvenile sexual offenders have particularly poor relationships with their primary caregivers, especially if their primary caregiver was male. The second manuscript is a systematic literature review that explored the pathways through which male caregivers may influence the sexually aggressive behavior of their sons. A total of thirty-four articles describing three pathways (i.e., …

Conflicting Identities: The Lgbtq-Jewish Identity Conflict And How The Jewish Community Is Working To Fix It, Gavin Christy, Sam Crew, Molly Klimo, Peter Sparrow

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

This work studies the identities of Jewish people who are also a part of the LGBTQ community. It examines the conflict that many LGBTQ Jews feel between these two identities and how this conflict decreases these people's involvement in the Jewish community. Looking from the Jewish community side we examine how the Jewish community has responded to this problem and how they are working to better integrate their LGBTQ members into their community.

Springboro And West Carrollton School Districts, Alex Roberts

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Poster describes my field experiences in the Dayton-area school districts of Springboro and West Carrollton. During my time at each school, I helped students with disabilities and observed a school resource officer and her duties.

Religion War: Judaism's Impact On The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Marissa Mark, Richard Morisette, Jennifer Rosio, Jack Willerton

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict has been a major issue since 1948 when the Israelis and Palestinians engaged in a Civil War. One of the driving factors in the conflict is the religious affiliation from each side, with Jewish Israelis clashing with Muslim Palestinians. While religion has been a driving force for hostility, religion can also be seen as a beacon of hope and peace. In our research, we have found that religious affiliation from the Israeli side tends to result in more positive attitudes towards their Palestinian counterparts. In our research, we investigated three major fields: Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology. By …

Religion And Racism In The United States, Sebastian Rawl, Kingsford Adjei

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Through the literary analysis of eight scholarly writings, we sought to answer our research questions and were able to form hypothesis based on the evidence provided by the authors. From there, we formulated ideas on what we think can and should change in the relationship between religion and race relations.

Self-Care: How To Deal With Stress, Roger Champoux Sj

Magisterial Lectures

In this lecture, Fr. Roger gives us a nuanced take on stress, and how humans react to it.

Speaker: Fr Roger Champoux received his high school and college education in the Collège des Jésuites of Québec and graduated in 1958. He joined the Jesuit order in August the same year, and studied Philosophy in Montreal. After spending time in Vietnam and the Philippines, he studied Psychology at the Institute of Psychology of the Gregorian University in Rome. In 1976, he settled in the Philippines where he was assigned to the East Asian Pastoral Institute while being the director of Our …

The Political Dynamic Of The Separation Of The Islamic Church And State, Maya Drayton, Rachel Burton, Caroline Donnelly, Brianna Wolfe, Erika Cambron

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

In this project, we researched the relationship between Islam and the state. We conducted our research by using the University of Dayton databases to find different journals and articles analyzing our topic. We found that the relationship is constantly evolving and depends on where you are located. We also found that Islam has not always been properly investigated and is not as widely understood as it could be.

Hindu Views On The Environment, Katie Bardine, Sean Sullivan, Jonathan Sulzer

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Poster explores five views that influence Hindu views on sustainability and the environment, the first of which is that the ecological consciousness is the way of living in which it respects the environment and the ecological world. A Hindu’s ecological consciousness is well constructed, as a main aspect of the religion is care for the Earth and respect for creation.

Islamophobia: An American Conundrum Spurred By Donald Trump’S Executive Order And Political Rhetoric, Mike Lawless

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

The negative rhetoric directed toward Muslims in the United States has largely been focused on Muslim refugees because it allows for a connotation that a radical group is entering the United States.

Economics And Development In Buddhism, Michaela Kendig, Elizabeth Kolb, Brett Heininger, Patrick Fath

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Our research focused on the religious tradition, Buddhism and how the teachings and traditions of Buddhism affect work life, economics, and developmental aspects of society.

• How does Buddhism affect women’s careers?
• What developments both economic and other has Buddhism contributed?
• What’s going on in Bodh Gaya?

Religion And The Death Penalty In The United States, Isabel Neal

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

• Catholic Nations are the most likely to advocate for the abolishment the death penalty.
• Observed: Catholics Against Capital Punishment.
• Most religious groups prefer life in prison over the death penalty.
• More religions are now opposed to the death penalty than they were in the past.
• Church attendance may be a factor when it comes to support or opposition of the death penalty.
• Persons who view their deity as compassionate are more likely to be opposed to the death penalty.

4 Paws For Ability, Kathleen Schumacher

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

4 paws is a nonprofit organization that trains and places service dogs with children to increase the independence of the child and assist the families.

Why Does This Work Matter? Without volunteers, 4 Paws would be unable to operate as an organization. Kids like the boy to the left who at the age of three was diagnosed with autism and struggles with communication, anxiety, and wandering off would not be able to seek comfort in a service dog.

Coronavirus' Effect On American Christianity, Daniel Hughes

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

The church has been losing members especially amongst its youth, but the Pew Research Center did a survey on practicing Christians and found that One-quarter of US adults overall (24%) say their faith has become stronger because of the coronavirus pandemic, while just 4% of people say their faith has become weaker. The majority has said their faith hasn’t changed much (67%) and 5% had no comment on the issue.

Gender Roles In Buddhism, Simone Schuller, Deja Tart, Rebekah Beamer, Kathleen Sebastian

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

No abstract provided.

Religious Views Of Black Lives Matter, Audrey Melton, Allison Zelinskas

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

No abstract provided.

Impact Of A Dialogic Reading Intervention On The Effectiveness Of An Adaptive Magnitude Comparison Ebook For Improving Young Children’S Magnitude Comparison Skills, Patrick Ehrman, Mary Wagner Fuhs

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Dialogic reading interventions have been used successfully to increase reading skills. This study aims to investigate whether a dialogic reading intervention will also assist children with spatial and numerical magnitude comparison skills learned through a novel adaptive number e-book designed to be read together by parents and children. This study proposes that a dialogic reading intervention will improve spatial and numerical magnitude comparison skills that will transfer to general math skills following the reading of an adaptive number e-book more so than reading without dialogic reading instructions. Additionally, there are predicted benefits for executive functioning skills and for improving parental …

Women And Islam: A Look Into Women’S Rights In Islamic Culture, Tristan West

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

No abstract provided.

Judaism And Pacifism, Grace Rolfes

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

The research explores and uncovers the truths concerning Judaism and its impacts toward peacemaking. It correspondingly exposes the Jewish relationship towards the choice of nonviolence and the commitment to the common good.

The Academic Achievement Of Dual Language Learning Preschoolers, Madisen Brewer

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

The proposed research is designed to address major deficits in the knowledge regarding the development of dual-language learners in the U.S. preschool setting, including the lack of information about the impact of free choice play with non-dual-language learning peers and the absence of descriptive data on the social interactions that occur during free play as such. The focus of the study is on the dual-language learners’ growth of executive functioning skills and English language development across the preschool year, in relations to their social interactions during free play with non-dual-language learning peers. The participants will be 50 dual-language learning children …

The Relationship Of Classroom Variables And Academic Achievement Across The Preschool Year, Olivia Leblanc

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Preschool education is designed to foster school readiness among three to five-year-old children before entering kindergarten. Past research suggests that elements of the classroom, such as quality of teacher-child interactions, can influence the development of academic and social skills during the preschool year. Utilizing data from a longitudinal correlational study, the current study investigates the relationship between classroom variables and academic achievement throughout the preschool year. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between classroom variables and student outcomes, which calls for further research investigating the importance of high-quality preschool programs for young children.

Research Questions:

1. What is …

Feminism Within Buddhism, Dallas Johnson, Peder Harvey

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The Buddhist Exile From Tibet And How This Has Impacted Those Exiled And Now Living In Dharamsala., Angelic Edwards-Rojas, Gillian Miller, Andrew Schoen, Daria Harris

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Psychologists Mercer, Ager and Ruwanpura worked alongside a care project to help the Tibetan refugee community heal with modern techniques while still incorporating their cultural and religious beliefs.

Anthropologist Michael Lampert he reveals that monks seek to imitate the liberal subjects, associated speech genres, and teaching principles of the Dalai Lama and western patrons even as they participate in the “histrionic anger” and punishment in monastic debate and discipline practices reestablished in exile (Makley.

Even though they had experienced trauma, and are still suffering, they do not exert their suffering onto their peers (Sarin).

Big Brothers-Big Sisters: Why Does This Work Matter?, Gianna Panozzo

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

This poster presents what the Big Brothers-Big Sisters nonprofit organization entails, such as what is their mission is, what types of programs they offer, and why BBBS is so important.

Misogyny, Islamophobia, And Muslim Supression Internal And Abroad, Seth Longstreth, Maria Zaki, David Quick, Lindsey Coulter, Sophia Locker

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

• Contrary to assumptions of suppression in Islam, female sexual discourse and agency expresses freedom within the faith.
• Homosexual Muslim men face identity suppression.
• While many think Islamophobia hinders Muslims, in many cases it is shown to motivate and propel them.
• While some believe that Muslims have the right to practice their faith they don’t see what they experience daily to make them feel suppressed.
• Islamophobia is the perpetuated form of racism against those who practice the Islamic faith and incorrectly associate them with extremism and violence.

Effectiveness Of An Adaptive Magnitude Comparison Ebook At Home, Zachary Yurich, Mary Wagner Fuhs

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

Finding effective technology is important for children’s learning during the pandemic, as families may not have quick access to sufficient high-quality, classroom-like resources.

This project is part of a larger evaluation of the effectiveness of adaptive magnitude comparison eBooks for improving preschoolers’ math skills.

Desiree Tims Congressional Campaign, Amira Fitzpatrick

Content presented at the Roesch Social Sciences Symposium

The purpose of my internship was to gain advocacy experience in a political setting. I interacted with community members in Ohio’s 10th Congressional District including Montgomery, Greene, and Fayette counties.

Although the election did not provide us the results we had hoped to see, I took away some valuable experience in mobilizing the community to vote for issues that impact this district. Throughout this experience I learned more about civic engagement, public policy, and political activism. Additionally, I reflected the team’s norms of respect, transparency, trust, accountability, and ambition for progress.

Social Interaction In The Spanish Classroom: How Proficiency And Linguistic Background Impact Vocabulary Learning, C. Cecilia Tocaimaza-Hatch, Jonathan Santo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Spanish learners engaged in two-way interaction gap tasks where, through social interaction, they identified and defined low-frequency vocabulary. Participants (referred to as actors to differentiate them from task partners) completed two such tasks. Each time, they collaborated with different partners of varying degrees of Spanish proficiency and linguistic background, either an L2 learner or a heritage speaker (HS). The purpose of the study was thus to shed light on if and how features of the collaborating partners in mixed (HS–L2) and matched (L2–L2; HS–HS) partnerships impacted vocabulary learning. Through a mixed methods analysis of the data (perception measures and qualitative …

Air Pollution And The Dynamic Association Between Depressive Symptoms And Memory In Oldest-Old Women, Andrew J. Petkus, Diana Younan, Xinhui Wang, Daniel P. Beavers, Mark A. Espeland, Margaret Gatz, Tara Gruenewald, Joel D. Kaufman, Helena C. Chui, Joann E. Manson, Susan M. Resnick, Gregory A. Wellenius, Eric A. Whitsel, Keith Widaman, Jiu-Chiuan Chen

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Exposure to air pollution may contribute to both increasing depressive symptoms and decreasing episodic memory in older adulthood, but few studies have examined this hypothesis in a longitudinal context. Accordingly, we examined the association between air pollution and changes in depressive symptoms (DS) and episodic memory (EM) and their interrelationship in oldest-old (aged 80 and older) women.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes.

SETTING

Geographically diverse community-dwelling population.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 1,583 dementia-free women aged 80 and older.

MEASUREMENTS

Women completed up to six annual memory assessments (latent composite …