Psychology Commons^™

Terrorists, Radicals, And Activists: Distinguishing Between Countering Violent Extremism And Preventing Extremist Violence, And Why It Matters, Christian Leuprecht, David Skillicorn, Clark R. Mccauley

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Racial Exclusion Causes Acute Cortisol Release Among Emerging-Adult African Americans: The Role Of Reduced Perceived Control, Laurel M. Peterson, Michelle L. Stock, Janet Monroe, Brianne K. Molloy-Paolillo, Sharon F. Lambert

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

Racial discrimination contributes to stress-related health disparities among African Americans, but less is known about the acute effects of racial exclusion on the hypo-pituitary-adrenocortical response and psychological mediators. Participants were 276 Black/African American emerging-adults (54% female; M age = 21.74, SD = 2.21) who were randomly assigned to be excluded or included by White peers via the game Cyberball. Racial exclusion (vs. inclusion) predicted: greater negative affect (F(1, 276) = 104.885, p < .0001), lower perceived control (F(1, 276) = 205.523, p < .0001), and greater cortisol release (F(1, 274) = 4.575, p = .033). Racial exclusion’s impact on cortisol release was mediated by lower perceived control …

Nssi Stigma Toward Adolescent Girls And Boys, Mackenzie L. Dallenbach

Undergraduate Student Work

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a relatively new subject of attention for psychopathology researchers, and is listed as a Condition for Further Study in the DSM-5 (APA, 2013). Current research on NSSI has utilized primarily female participants, limiting generalizability. Additionally, little research has been conducted with NSSI stigma. Thus, the current study examined whether two things influenced NSSI stigma: the sex of an individual engaging in it, and participant familiarity with NSSI. The results revealed that sex did not influence stigma. Further, there was no correlation between familiarity and NSSI stigma.

The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Transmission of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) occurs efficiently and from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, therefore making it highly infectious. As such, social distancing is generally recommended to mitigate the speed of transmission and decrease incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Consistent with other chronic medical conditions, COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting Hispanic/Latinx and black populations. One inherent cultural concept, familism, might also serve to inhibit adherence to social distancing guidelines. Thus, the current study contributes to the growing literature on COVID-19, specifically examining barriers underscoring health disparities. This study evaluated Attitudinal Familism (AFS) and Behavioral Familism (BFS) as predictors of adherence of social …

Sexual Assault Acknowledgment And Psychological Symptoms: The Indirect Effect Of Social Reactions To Disclosures, Emily Bernstein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Sexual assault is a prevalent problem for women. As a result of sexual assault, women experience a host of negative psychological consequences such as posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. While some survivors label their sexual assault experience as such (i.e., are acknowledged survivors), other survivors do not and use other terms (e.g., a miscommunication). The effect of acknowledgement of sexual assault on post-assault outcomes has yielded mixed findings: some find that unacknowledged survivors report better psychological functioning, while others find that acknowledged survivors have better outcomes. This study sought to better understand acknowledgment status and psychological outcomes by examining the …

Lego My Ego: The Puzzling Role Of Self-Esteem And Goal Orientation On Appraisals Of Unsolicited Help, Emily Broksch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The threat-to-self-esteem model suggests an individual's interpretation of an offer of help is influenced by factors of the aid that have implicit consequences to the helpee's self-esteem (Fisher, Nadler, & Whitcher-Alagna, 1982). Basic needs theory states that the fulfillment of autonomy and competency needs are two components necessary for an individual to achieve optimal well-being, and thus self-image (i.e., self-esteem; Ryan & Deci, 2000). As such, this study used a LEGO building task and manipulated challenges to autonomy and competency in order to determine the extent to which an individual finds an unsolicited offer of help as threatening or supportive …

Effects Of Nurses' Workload On Creativity And Innovation: Examining The Role Of Trait Mindfulness As A Moderator, Kinjal Chheda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The workload is one of the dominant stressful factors among the nursing occupation that results in negative consequences at the individual, team, and organizational levels. On the other hand, creativity and innovation can help nurses and organizations to provide better patient care and maintain a competitive edge in a fast dynamic environment. However, this becomes challenging when nurses are exposed to a frequent increase in workload. Within this study, I first examine the form of the relationships between 1) workload (stressor) and creativity (outcome 1); and 2) workload and innovation (outcome 2) to comprehend the optimal conditions to achieve positive …

When Fake Is Good: The Benefits Of Deceptive Responsiveness In Relationships, Isabel Cantarella

Wayne State University Dissertations

Responsiveness is integral for successful relationship functioning (Reis & Shaver, 1988); however, it can be quite challenging to be a responsive partner (Reis & Patrick, 1996). Additionally, there may be an assumption that individuals need to be honest in their communication for their responses to be perceived as responsive. The goal of the present research is to determine if deceptive responses can be perceived as responsive and have beneficial consequences. The present research introduces the construct deceptive responsiveness, which we define as intentionally withholding information or providing false statements with the intent to make someone feel validated, supported, and cared …

Online Social Support And Biopsychosocial Implications For Bariatric Patients, Jamie Kathryn Schofell-Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity has grown to epidemic proportions in the United States with approximately 40% of women and 30% of men having a body mass index greater than 35. Bariatric surgery is an effective form of weight loss. However, weight regain is a problem, with 50% of persons undergoing bariatric surgery experiencing a weight regain of 5% within 2 years of surgery and only 40% maintaining a loss of 30% or more long-term. Potential biological, psychological, and social issues can negatively impact the long-term success of weight management for many bariatric surgery patients. Research is significantly limited within this area and it …

Predictors Of Postdivorce Adjustment In The Orthodox Jewish Population, Judah Stern

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractIn general, divorce can be stigmatizing and can lead to social and financial hardships for those who experience it. However, the impact of divorce may be more severe for members of the Orthodox Jewish population, whose culture places significant value and importance on marriage. The purpose of this study was to address the gap in the literature pertaining to the experience of divorce in the Orthodox Jewish population and the factors contributing to or hindering postdivorce adjustment in this population. Family stress and coping theory served as the foundation for this study. One research question guided the study examining whether …

Work Adjustment And Family Caregiver Engagement In The Healthcare Transaction, Cynthia Uecker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Unpaid family caregivers in the U.S. now exceed 40 million people, and the question of how to effectively support the family caregiver is now decades old. Healthcare’s dominant perspective is reasonable because healthcare sees the family caregiver in the healthcare transaction. The research consistently reports caregivers cite lack of information and training as a primary reason for feeling the healthcare provider is non-supportive. This qualitative phenomenological study employed semi-structured interviews to explore whether non-supportive might represent a disconnect between caregiver and the healthcare provider purposes with respect to the caregiver role. The theory of work adjustment provides context for considering …

Understanding The Impacts Of Military Unit Suicides On Fellow Soldiers As Witnessed By Battalion Commanders, Tom M. Noble

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The growing concern over the increase of suicides in the military remains a topic of discussion for senior leaders as they seek to provide services and resources to those in need. However, little research exists to address the impact of suicides on the soldiers who remain in units after suicides occur. The purpose of this thematic analysis study was to explore the observed experiences of battalion commanders who have witnessed the impact of suicide on their soldiers. Through the semistructured interviews of 4 battalion commanders, this research described the experiences of soldiers in military units where suicides had occurred. McCann …

Counterterrorism Investigator Perceptions: Homegrown Violent Extremists With Mental Illness, Jeffery Brandon Perez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Terrorism endures throughout the world. Some individuals who engage in it may suffer from a cognitive disorder. For those who investigate terrorism, preconceptions exist both toward extremists and toward people with mental illness (MI). A review of the literature has shown how counterterrorism (CT) investigators perceive terrorists’ motivations, and how law enforcement perceives people with MI. In filling a gap between the two, this study aimed to research whether based on their lived experiences, do the understandings, perceptions, and attitudes of CT agents inform their biases and influence their decision-making and ultimately investigations of homegrown violent extremists (HVEs) with MI. …

Postidentification Feedback Influence Through Nonverbal Cues, Brigette A. Kruis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

For many years, psychologists and other social scientists have investigated the influence of postidentification verbal feedback on eyewitnesses’ identifications. However, the purpose of this study was to examine if the impact of nonverbal postidentification feedback cues on eyewitnesses’ confidence level can have the same effect as verbal postidentification feedback. The postidentification feedback effect has been well documented in regards to verbal feedback. The research questions for this study examined what effects on eyewitnesses’ confidence level that positive and negative nonverbal feedback would have. Participants (N=66) were selected at random from a local park and placed into one treatment group (positive, …

Factors Affecting The Successful Completion Of Online Graduate Programs Among Single Mothers, Kimberly Ann Palermo-Kielb

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An advanced degree is a step toward career aspirations, access to affordable healthcare, and financial goals. For single mothers, a population most vulnerable for living on the brink of poverty, an advanced degree can be a means toward ending intergenerational poverty. Single mother students face serious barriers to advance their education which impede their ability to pursue and complete their degrees. The purpose of the present study was to explore graduate student single mothers’ experiences attending an online education program. The conceptual frameworks guiding the study are Pintrich’s motivational self-regulated learning model for achievement and Duckworth’s model on the psychology …

Motivation For Exercise In Adults With Spina Bifida, Tasha Vitales

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The activity level among the U.S. population is low. Lack of exercise among individuals with disabilities adds a level of vulnerability to health issues for a population already facing multiple challenges. Despite considerable research on factors that may affect exercise among the general population, scant information is available about the relevance of such factors among individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, researchers have not used a coherent theoretical framework to explain empirical results. The present study addressed shortcomings in the literature by assessing, within the self-determination theory framework, if gender, self-efficacy, and self-determination predict exercise in individuals with a spina bifida. The …

Peer Influence On Conformity And Confidence In A Perceptual Judgment Task, Alen Hajnal, Jennifer Vonk, Virgil Zeigler-Hill

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by authors. Undergraduate college students were presented with two arrays of dots varying in numerosity on a computer screen and asked to indicate if the arrays differed in number. They also rated their level of confidence in their responses. Trials varied in difficulty based on the size of the arrays. On half of the trials, participants were shown the ostensible responses of confederates to test the effect of peer influence on numerosity judgments and participant confidence. On the other half of the trials, participants received no information about the responses of the confederates to provide a measure of …

The Meaning Of Work And Self-Sufficiency For Rural Work- Eligible Adults, Janneice Mitcheam-Eatmon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the implementation of government programs created to ensure access to job training and education assistance for rural residents, which encourage and support their efforts to change their life trajectory, many rural residents remain unemployed and unable to move beyond poverty. Most research on job training focuses on program effectiveness or epidemiological trends; however, the voices of rural residents' descriptions of their relationship to work and self-sufficiency are missing from the literature. This IPA study explored the meaning of work and self-sufficiency for rural, work-eligible adults using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (EST) as the theoretical framework. I used a combination …

Experiencing Grace: A Review Of The Empirical Literature, Adam S. Hodge, Joshua N. Hook, Don E. Davis, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, Rodger K. Bufford, Rodney L. Bassett, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Positive psychologists have used science to understand many virtues but have only just started to study grace, recently defined as ‘ . . . the gift of acceptance given unconditionally and voluntarily to an undeserving person by an unobligated giver’. The purpose of the current article is to provide a systematic review of all empirical studies (published and unpublished) on grace. Broadly, the empirical study of grace has focused on what people believe and how people experience both divine and human grace. Additionally, empirical attention has shifted to explore outcomes of grace-based interventions (e.g., congregation-wide interventions, marital interventions). In general, …

An Investigation Into The Perceptions Of Elderspeak And How It Effects Mood Among An Assisted Living Population, Paige T. Shoutz

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This study aimed to examine perceptions of ES and its effect on mood among older adults residing in assisted living facilities (ALFs). Residents (N=6) were exposed to two videos comprised of an interaction of a nursing assistant aiding an older adult resident during activities of daily living. One of the videos demonstrated neutral communication, whereas the other video demonstrated communication with elderspeak. A mood rating was obtained prior to and immediately following exposure to each of the videos. Participants also provided ratings of the nursing assistant, and completed a qualitative interview that gathered their opinions, perceptions, and perceived differences between …

Why Do Cognitive Prompts Hurt Learning In Older Adults?, Kurt Kraiger, Thomas M. Cavanagh, Collin M. G. Willis

Barowsky School of Business | Faculty Scholarship

The purposes of the present investigation were to attempt to replicate the negative effects for learning prompts in older adults reported by Cavanagh, Kraiger and Peters (2016), determine if the impact of learning prompts depends on type of prompt, and investigate the two possible explanations of the negative impact of prompts – increased cognitive load and higher negative affect. Learning prompts refer to short text inserted into training content to encourage trainees to rehearse new content or engage in meta‐cognitive activity. Although learning prompts generally lead to greater learning in training, Cavanagh et al. reported a negative impact for prompts …

Effects Of Facial Features And Styling Elements On Perceptions Of Competence, Warmth, And Hireability Of Male Professionals, Marc Fetscherin, Stacey Tantleff-Dunn, Arne Klumb

Faculty Publications

Few studies investigated the effects of facial characteristics on stereotyping in the business context. Using a 2 (beard/no beard) x 2 (acne/no acne) x 2 (tie/no tie) x 2 (eyeglasses/no eyeglasses) between subjects’ design, two representative samples of 364 and 711 participants rated different stimuli of male subjects on dimensions of competence, warmth and hireability. Based on 4,215 observations, results show acne has a negative and eyeglasses a positive effect on both competence and warmth. Wearing a necktie has a positive effect on competence and a negative effect on warmth. Finally, beardedness has a negative effect on warmth. We also …

Social Constraint, Social Support And Psychological Functioning In Rural And Nonrural Cancer Survivors, Jessica N. Rivera-Rivera

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

This cross-sectional study identified the nature and strength of the relationship between social and psychological functioning, and explored if these relationships differ as a function of environmental and personal characteristics.

Participants (n=87) consist of breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and head and neck cancer survivors who were diagnosed within the past five years. Cancer survivors were recruited through a cancer registry and outpatient clinics. Data collection involved questionnaire and medical records review.

In linear regression models for distress, social constraint demonstrated a stronger relationship with general distress (β = .37 vs. β = -.26), anxiety and depression ( …

Critical Reflections On America’S Green New Deal: Capital, Labor, And The Dynamics Of Contemporary Social Change, Alex Stoner

Journal Articles

The increasing urgency of the current climate crisis has been accompanied by a growing desire for constructive answers on how to confront the situation effectively and meaningfully. Yet, the pace of global climate change (GCC) continues to accelerate more rapidly than societal, institutional, and individual responses can be formed. The gap between increasingly sophisticated knowledge of objective biophysical threat, on the one hand, and our ability to transform society in accordance with this awareness, on the other hand, highlights the importance of ideology. Ideological barriers have become a major stumbling block for climate change activists and researchers. Focusing on the …

Applying Peer Tutoring To Spelling At The Elementary Level, Ashlee Lundberg

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

In this study, I applied peer tutoring methods to spelling in an elementary classroom to increase spelling performance. Using alternating treatment design with a baseline phase, peer tutoring for spelling was implemented within a 2nd grade classroom. Twenty-one students participated in the study. The primary dependent variables were the increase in words spelled correct and correct letter sequence from weekly pretests to weekly posttests. Baseline data were collected using spelling word lists students had not yet learned. Peer tutoring for spelling was applied to spelling through two activities targeting accuracy (Spell it, Check it) and fluency (a speed spelling activity, …

Understanding Communication Dynamics In Group Home Setting, Jacinta O. Anyanwu

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Purpose: Limited research has examined the communicative interaction patterns within group home settings between adults with developmental disabilities and their non-disabled direct care staff. There is evidence from studies that improving the communication pattern of caregivers will eventually lead to better interaction with residents. An approach that might clarify this issue is to have direct care staff who currently work in group homes describe their interaction with their residents. This study evaluated the communication pattern of direct care staff and their residents in group home settings by looking at the types of instructions that direct care staff use on a …

Predicting Competency In Motivational Interviewing Through An Objective Empathy Task, Kylah Moneek Clark

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In the process of disseminating motivational interviewing (MI) it is important to identify who benefits from initial workshops and which trainees would benefit from an extended training model that involves coaching and performance feedback, which has recently been advocated. Prior research attempting to determine who benefits from training has failed to show associations between baseline self-reported empathy and training outcomes. However, the use of an objective empathy task may address the shortcoming of prior research. The purpose of the present study was to predict competency in motivational interviewing skills following training using an objective empathy task. In addition, we investigated …

Invertebrates Should Be Given Ethical Consideration, Marie-Claire Cammaerts

Animal Sentience

Invertebrates are far more numerous than vertebrates. Most of them are essential to the survival of humanity. Their physiology, behavior, know-how, and cognitive abilities are often as complex as those of vertebrates. Invertebrates should be considered and studied as are vertebrates, i.e., ethically, and cautiously.

Replacing Death With Life? The Rise Of Lwop In The Context Of Abolitionist Campaigns In The United States, Michelle Miao

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

On the basis of fifty-four elite interviews[1] with legislators, judges, attorneys, and civil society advocates as well as a state-by-state data survey, this Article examines the complex linkage between the two major penal trends in American society during the past decades: a declining use of capital punishment across the United States and a growing population of prisoners serving “life without the possibility of parole” or “LWOP” sentences. The main contribution of the research is threefold. First, the research proposes to redefine the boundary between life and death in relation to penal discourses regarding the death penalty and LWOP. LWOP …

Expressed Emotion, Mental Health, And Functioning In Families Of Children With And Without Asthma, Katherine W. Dempster, Julia Scheidemantel, Jessica Greenlee, Marcia A. Winter, Ph.D, Robin S. Everhart, Ph.D

Graduate Research Posters

Introduction: Expressed emotion (EE), the affective attitudes and behaviors of one toward another, can affect caregivers’ behaviors toward their child. Research examining associations between EE and child/family outcomes is mixed; these associations may be affected by other influences such as the presence of a chronic disease or parent mental health. In this study of families living in an urban area, we examined associations between EE and child outcomes (anxiety/depressive symptoms) and family functioning, with parent anxiety as a covariate. We evaluated child asthma status as a moderator in these associations as the presence of a chronic illness may strengthen the …