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2020

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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 4130

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Reactive And Regulative Temperament Dimensions, Emotion Regulation, And Concurrent Internalizing And Externalizing Pathology Among Youth With Adhd., Kirsten D. Leaberry May 2020

Reactive And Regulative Temperament Dimensions, Emotion Regulation, And Concurrent Internalizing And Externalizing Pathology Among Youth With Adhd., Kirsten D. Leaberry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Emerging research has increasingly identified the detrimental effect of internalizing and externalizing comorbidity on the functioning of youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Research in the broad child psychopathology literature has identified a variety of dispositional and developmental risk factors for psychopathology development in youth. However, a conceptual model of psychopathology development has yet to be developed and empirically evaluated in an ADHD sample. Children with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to exhibiting high rates of psychopathology, given deficits in self-regulation prevalent in this population. The current study proposed and evaluated a theoretical model of distal and proximal risk factors for …

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Teachers’ Experience With Problematic Behavior And Educational Support: A Phenomenological Inquiry, Kristen Michelle Brashear May 2020

Teachers’ Experience With Problematic Behavior And Educational Support: A Phenomenological Inquiry, Kristen Michelle Brashear

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This dissertation was conducted to discover how teachers of elementary and middle school-aged children experience the phenomenon of problematic behavior in their classrooms and the support they receive from the educational system in this regard. The literature review revealed that there is a dearth of research using a purely qualitative approach to exploring the experience of teachers in this area. The idea that teachers are rarely asked how they experience problematic behavior and support was evident in the findings of this study. I conducted this study using a phenomenological approach to interview six teachers from three states. The interviews were …

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The Role Of Dopamine In Decision Making Processes In Drosophila Melanogaster, Michelle C. Bowers May 2020

The Role Of Dopamine In Decision Making Processes In Drosophila Melanogaster, Michelle C. Bowers

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Understanding the neural processes that mediate decision making is a relatively new field of investigation in the scientific community. With the ultimate goal of understanding how humans decide between one path and another, simpler models such as Drosophila Melanogaster, the common fruit fly, are often utilized as a way of determining the neural circuits involved in these decision-making processes. One of the most important decisions flies make is the decision of where to lay their eggs (oviposit). Choosing the proper substrate upon which to lay eggs is a crucial decision that can ultimately impact their fecundity. This paper investigates the …

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An Examination Of The Neural Basis Of Self-Reflectivity In Schizophrenia, Britan M. Heavrin May 2020

An Examination Of The Neural Basis Of Self-Reflectivity In Schizophrenia, Britan M. Heavrin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Metacognition is a term that refers to the act of thinking about thinking. The self-reflective aspect of metacognition specifically, has been shown to be impaired in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The Default Mode Network (DMN) is a set of cortical regions that demonstrate coordinated activation during the resting state of the brain. The DMN has been linked with various aspects of self-awareness and has been hypothesized as a possible source of dysfunction in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The current study bridged these findings by using electrophysiological measures to investigate the neural basis of self-reflectivity in a psychiatric group. A Repeated …

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The Value Of Supportive Touch And Maternal Attention In Measures Of Maternal Sensitivity, Jamila Douglas May 2020

The Value Of Supportive Touch And Maternal Attention In Measures Of Maternal Sensitivity, Jamila Douglas

Honors Scholar Theses

This project aimed to examine the mother-child dyad during the second year (toddlerhood) in regards to sensitive parenting, with valuable insight into the naturalistic setting of the home (as opposed to a laboratory). With a subset of participants from the National Institute of Health sponsored study, The Play and Learning Across a Year Project (The PLAY Project), I evaluated mother-child dyads and the contact between them, in regards to supportive vs. restrictive touch; as well as attention paid to the child by the mother. Hour-long videos taken in the home environment were analyzed with Datavyu coding software to catch instances …

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The Influence Of Self-Forgiveness On Relationship Satisfaction Post-Infidelity., Dominic Schmuck May 2020

The Influence Of Self-Forgiveness On Relationship Satisfaction Post-Infidelity., Dominic Schmuck

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While a plethora of research studies exist regarding victims’ healing processes post-infidelity, almost no empirical data is available regarding perpetrators’ healing processes post-infidelity. In recent years, researchers have found that self-forgiveness after an interpersonal offense can aid individuals in healing intrapersonally and interpersonally. Self-forgiveness research even suggests a connection between genuine self-forgiveness and relationship satisfaction. The current study set out to explore the possible intrapersonal and interpersonal healing effects of self-forgiveness after participating in infidelity. For this study, individuals who participated in infidelity within the past two years and are still with the partner they betrayed were recruited. With support …

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Depressive Symptoms And Survival Among Lung Cancer Patients: Biomarkers And Potential Benefits Of An Ipod- And Mindfulness-Based Intervention., Chelsea J. Siwik May 2020

Depressive Symptoms And Survival Among Lung Cancer Patients: Biomarkers And Potential Benefits Of An Ipod- And Mindfulness-Based Intervention., Chelsea J. Siwik

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer patients experience high levels of distress, which commonly manifests as depressive symptoms. Importantly, depressive symptoms have demonstrated prognostic significance in cancer contexts, although the biological pathways by which depressive symptoms lead to poorer survival remain unclear and warrant greater attention. In addition to understanding the biological pathways by which depressive symptoms accelerate disease, identification of efficacious and effective psychological treatments for depressive symptoms are needed to improve both quality and quantity of life for cancer patients. Interventions that reduce depressive symptoms and improve downstream clinical outcomes are certainty needed; however, because many cancer patients face considerable burden, interventions …

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The Intersection Of Mindfulness And Gratitude: Examining The Roles Of Gratitude And Mindfulness Practices Within A 4-Week Mindfulness-Based Intervention On Depressive Symptoms In Undergraduates., Allison Rodgers May 2020

The Intersection Of Mindfulness And Gratitude: Examining The Roles Of Gratitude And Mindfulness Practices Within A 4-Week Mindfulness-Based Intervention On Depressive Symptoms In Undergraduates., Allison Rodgers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The practice and research of mindfulness has increased exponentially in recent decades; however, the study of gratitude maintains modest growth. While the overlap between gratitude and mindfulness may be intuitive, empirical investigation is lacking. The present study sought to investigate the relative and combined influence of mindfulness and gratitude with symptoms of depression in undergraduates. The current study explored these constructs in the context of a mindfulness-based intervention known as Koru. One hundred undergraduate participants provided self-report measures of demographics, mindfulness, gratitude, and symptoms of depression prior to the intervention and again immediately following. Participants were required to complete electronic …

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Why Not Both: A Qualitative Analysis Of Alternative Outcomes, Megan Schneider, Dana-Lis Bittner, Milo Martinez, Bresh Merino, Wilson Cobb May 2020

Why Not Both: A Qualitative Analysis Of Alternative Outcomes, Megan Schneider, Dana-Lis Bittner, Milo Martinez, Bresh Merino, Wilson Cobb

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

Scientific thinking relies on consideration of alternative possible outcomes to research. We considered whether 1. engaging with psychological research results—some of which were surprising—in a learning phase transferred to consideration of alternative outcomes for a different set of research studies in a test phase, and 2. whether transfer was heightened by predicting results before learning the actual outcomes (foresight), as opposed to indicating what one would have predicted after learning the actual outcomes (hindsight). One indication of transfer would be decreased confidence in the outcome one believed to be true, but we did not observe this trend. However, we did …

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The Application Of Biracial And Monoracial Asian American Stereotypes, Tyler Rydeen, Isabelle Moore May 2020

The Application Of Biracial And Monoracial Asian American Stereotypes, Tyler Rydeen, Isabelle Moore

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

Previous research suggests that the biracial stereotype (across all biracial groups) consists of the following characteristics: biracial people are unusually good looking and they struggle to fit in (Skinner, Perry, & Gaither, 2019). This general biracial struggle to fit in has been also described as “confused over their identity” and has been attributed as the reason for why they are judged as less trustworthy, less socially accepted (Chelsey & Wagner, 2013), loyal to their group (Albuja, Sanchez, Gaither, 2017), and socially awkward (Remedios, Chasteen, & Oey, 2012) and less warm (Sanchez & Bonam, 2009) than their monoracial peers. Compared to …

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Training Teachers To Differentiate Instruction To Address Work Completion Problems In Math, Elisabeth Kane May 2020

Training Teachers To Differentiate Instruction To Address Work Completion Problems In Math, Elisabeth Kane

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This dissertation investigated an adaptation of functional analysis methodology, performance deficit analysis (PDA), and its use in training teachers to differentiate instruction for students having difficulty completing independent math seatwork. Participants included three middle school teachers and one of their students who was referred for having difficulty completing his or her work. Behavioral skills training was used to individually train each teacher to interpret her student’s PDA data, determine if the student had a skill or performance deficit, and select appropriate motivational and instructional strategies to increase the student’s performance. To answer the research questions, a multiple-baseline-design across teachers was …

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Determinants Of Safety Outcomes In Organizations: Exploring O*Net Data To Predict Occupational Accident Rates, Lavanya Shravan Kumar May 2020

Determinants Of Safety Outcomes In Organizations: Exploring O*Net Data To Predict Occupational Accident Rates, Lavanya Shravan Kumar

Theses and Dissertations

Workplace safety is of utmost importance given the regular occurrence of both fatal and nonfatal occupational injuries all around the world. Although research in this area is hugely prevalent, it is focused mainly on safety climate and lacks an integrated approach when examining predictors of safety outcomes. The development of an occupational risk factor that predicts safety outcomes will aid in understanding the relative importance of different factors that contribute to safety and help organizations target their safety programs and interventions efficiently. The present study is an exploratory analysis utilizing publicly available O*NET data (work activities, work context features, and …

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Quality Of Sleep, Stress, And Exercise: Effects Of Environmental And Lifestyle Factors On Spatial Navigation In Older Adults, Hannah Maybrier May 2020

Quality Of Sleep, Stress, And Exercise: Effects Of Environmental And Lifestyle Factors On Spatial Navigation In Older Adults, Hannah Maybrier

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: With increasing age, many adults experience reduced spatial navigation ability, with the most prominent reductions in tasks dependent on the hippocampus. Hippocampal dysfunction may be linked to age-related increases in sleep fragmentation, which results in reduced neurogenesis and long-term potentiation. This project aims to determine if age-related reductions in hippocampal-dependent navigation ability and strategy selection are mediated by impaired sleep. Further, we propose that the effects of sleep on navigation are moderated by psychological stress and physical activity. Methods: 36 older (m: 70, sd: 7) and 33 younger (m: 20, sd: 1.5) adults recorded one week of sleep via …

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Approach And Avoidance Coping Humor Motives And Their Relation To Trauma Exposure And Physical Health, Andrea D. Dorbu May 2020

Approach And Avoidance Coping Humor Motives And Their Relation To Trauma Exposure And Physical Health, Andrea D. Dorbu

Theses and Dissertations

The present study investigated approach-avoidance motives for humor use and their association with physical health symptoms linked to childhood trauma exposure and adult relationship trauma exposure among military-affiliated people and civilians (N=100). Results indicated that approach-avoidance motives for humor use were not associated with study variables. However, adult relationship trauma exposure had a significant positive association with physical health symptoms among both groups. In addition, childhood trauma exposure was significantly positively associated with adult relationship trauma exposure.

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A Comparison Of Response-Contingent And Response-Independent Autoshaping Trials In Rats, Jenna E. Gaskins May 2020

A Comparison Of Response-Contingent And Response-Independent Autoshaping Trials In Rats, Jenna E. Gaskins

Theses and Dissertations

Autoshaping is a procedure, combining both operant conditioning and classical conditioning, used in animal training to jump-start a target behavior. Lepper and Petursdottir (2017) found that response-contingent pairings (RCP) were more effective than responseindependent pairings (RIP) in producing vocalizations in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). RIP procedures entail a time-based intertrial interval (ITI) followed by the beginning of a trial, whereas RCP procedures include a response initiation period between the ITI and the trial. The current study compared RCP and RIP procedures to determine which one was more effective for acquisition of nose poking in rats. Number of days …

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Knowledge, Trait Mindfulness And Perceived Discrimination As It Relates To Coping Self-Efficacy In African American Women, Collins D. Nelson May 2020

Knowledge, Trait Mindfulness And Perceived Discrimination As It Relates To Coping Self-Efficacy In African American Women, Collins D. Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

This is a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship between preconception care knowledge, trait mindfulness, perceived discrimination, and coping self-efficacy. It addressed the lack of research into the effects of pregnancy-related distress on maternal mortality in African American women. There were 117 participants ages 18 -30 whose data was collected through an online survey. The results suggest that greater preconception care knowledge predicts greater pregnancy-related distress coping self-efficacy. Trait mindfulness also predicted pregnancy-related distress coping self-efficacy. Perceived discrimination did not predict coping self- efficacy in a negative direction as expected.

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Executive Ability Difficulties In Everyday Contexts Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Neco Johnson May 2020

Executive Ability Difficulties In Everyday Contexts Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Neco Johnson

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Executive Ability Difficulties in Everyday Contexts among Children with Sickle Cell Disease Objective: The present study investigated the utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in identifying executive ability difficulties in everyday contexts among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Method: Participants were 243 children with SCD and 409 typically-developing control children ranging from 5.0 to 18.3 years of age (M=10.5, SD=3.4). The primary outcome, reported executive ability difficulties, was assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form. IQ was estimated using the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Sociodemographic information was obtained …

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Importance Of Mental Health Awareness In Schools, Alexandra Elliott May 2020

Importance Of Mental Health Awareness In Schools, Alexandra Elliott

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

We all have different experiences and beliefs that shape our perspectives and impact our mental health. The concept of mental health exists in Western civilization but is absent in others, so it is important to be sensitive when discussing the terminology of mental health by itself. There is ample evidence of a disproportionate amount of mental health issues among people living in low-income areas due to lack of resources in these communities. In fact, mental health resources are disproportionately accessible to white, affluent individuals in Western civilization. This senior capstone research project is intended to find ways to reach new …

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The Art Of Seduction: Male Perceptions Of Sexual Willingness, Lisa Starrett May 2020

The Art Of Seduction: Male Perceptions Of Sexual Willingness, Lisa Starrett

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The body of sexual assault research historically focuses on survivors, specifically female survivors. Examining male perpetrators is an important gap in the literature. Research demonstrates that men often misperceive the sexual willingness of female partners. Additionally, men predominantly react with guilt, shame, and depression when accused of sexual assault (Brennan, Swartout, Cook, & Parrot, 2018). The current study examined men’s perceptions of non-consensual dating advice as provided by a best-selling men’s dating book. We found several factors that related to higher endorsement of the non-consensual tactics, including past or present involvement in a fraternity, knowing a sexual assault perpetrator, living …

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Achieving Positive Mental Health And Academic Achievement For Students With Behavioral And Emotional Issues In Elementary School, Reynalda Fuentes May 2020

Achieving Positive Mental Health And Academic Achievement For Students With Behavioral And Emotional Issues In Elementary School, Reynalda Fuentes

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Elementary students, their peers, and teachers today are being affected by emotional and behavioral issues that some students struggle with at school. In order to understand why it is affecting their academic achievement and mental health, this report answers the following research questions to investigate how these problems affect schools, classrooms, and teachers, as well as what appears to be contributing factors to this problem, and what are some of the solutions. In review of the literature on preventions and interventions placed at elementary schools the research shows that frameworks such as The Multi-tiered System of Supports, and the incorporation …

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The Effects Of The Atypical Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor Ce-158 On Extracellular Dopamine In The Nucleus Accumbens, Julia Neri May 2020

The Effects Of The Atypical Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor Ce-158 On Extracellular Dopamine In The Nucleus Accumbens, Julia Neri

Honors Scholar Theses

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by symptoms such as cognitive dysfunctions, inflammatory changes, and motivational symptoms such as amotivation, fatigue, and anergia. While depressed people are commonly treated by traditional antidepressants such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), previous studies have reported that SSRI medications do not treat fatigue and anergia symptoms well, and in some cases, can even worsen those symptoms. Subjects treated with dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitors, on the other hand, have been less likely to report symptoms of anergia and fatigue compared to those treated with SSRIs. Common DA uptake inhibitors such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, however, …

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Math Anxiety In Deaf, Hard Of Hearing, And Hearing Students: Antecedents And Outcomes, Akriti Mishra May 2020

Math Anxiety In Deaf, Hard Of Hearing, And Hearing Students: Antecedents And Outcomes, Akriti Mishra

Honors Scholar Theses

Math anxiety, or the feeling of apprehension in the face of math, impedes success in the subject. A global problem affecting all age groups, math anxiety can cause short-term distress and long-term avoidance of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) careers. Math anxiety may be an underlying reason that deaf and hard of hearing individuals are significantly underrepresented in the STEM workforce. This study aims to understand the development and consequences of math anxiety in deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing university students via an online questionnaire. One hundred thirty-six deaf and hard of hearing students and 162 hearing students …

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Quality Assessment Of Work Recovery Activities: Guidance For Recovering From Work-Related Demands, Emily Nixon May 2020

Quality Assessment Of Work Recovery Activities: Guidance For Recovering From Work-Related Demands, Emily Nixon

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study tested a revised work recovery process model and provides guidance for work recovery activities based on their recovery quality value. A diverse sample of 540 MTurk workers served as the participants for this in-depth, mixed method approach to evaluating workers’ recovery activities (preferred and actual) as well as recovery needs. Using a modified model of the stress-recovery process, recovery quality was measured in terms of psychological detachment, mastery, and control, with relaxation serving as an outcome state associated with the proposed three core recovery mechanisms. A variety of analyses were used to support the idea that active recovery …

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The Associations Between Gender Role Stress, Media Usage, And Metacognition In Emerging Adults, Leslie Robertson May 2020

The Associations Between Gender Role Stress, Media Usage, And Metacognition In Emerging Adults, Leslie Robertson

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This research explores the relationship between electronic media consumption and gender role stress and whether these relationships are dependent upon metacognitive abilities. Student participants (n = 238) between the ages of 18 and 25 from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga were recruited and completed self-report measures of both frequency and types of media usage, gender role stress, and metacognitive abilities. Results demonstrated that though there was no direct relationship between amount of media consumed and gender role stress, an interaction effect occurred between metacognitive abilities and amount of media consumed. Results indicated that individuals with lower metacognitive abilities who …

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Support From Below And Above: The Impact Of Perceived Subordinate Support, Leader-Member Exchange, And Perceived Supervisor Support On Supervisor Attitudes, Rachel Browder May 2020

Support From Below And Above: The Impact Of Perceived Subordinate Support, Leader-Member Exchange, And Perceived Supervisor Support On Supervisor Attitudes, Rachel Browder

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Existing research indicates that perceived support is positively related to job performance and can influence perceptions of support by those with whom they interact. While there is a large body of research examining employees’ perceived support from their supervisors (i.e., perceived supervisor support: PSS) and the organization (i.e., perceived organizational support: POS), little research has examined the impact of supervisors’ perceptions of support from their subordinates. The present study evaluates the relationship between Perceived Subordinate Support (PSubS) and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions, and the moderating impact of PSS and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) on these relationships. Data were …

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Emotional Intelligence Of Adults Raised In Different Family Structures, Mary Sloan May 2020

Emotional Intelligence Of Adults Raised In Different Family Structures, Mary Sloan

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Emotional intelligence (EI) contributes to optimal social functioning and is predictive of numerous positive outcomes (Gallagher & Vella-Brodrick, 2008). Existing research has indicated a relationship between emotional development of an individual and the family system in which they were raised, however limited exploration has been done examining the influence of the family structure. The current study examined EI of adults raised in dual parent households, single mother households, and single father households. Four hundred and seventy-five participants from dual parent, single mother, and single father households responded to a series of measures assessing emotional intelligence, emotional competence, subjective happiness, and …

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Working With Wildlife: The Effects Of Stressors And Resources On Burnout And Engagement For Animal Caretakers, Destiny Burns May 2020

Working With Wildlife: The Effects Of Stressors And Resources On Burnout And Engagement For Animal Caretakers, Destiny Burns

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The present study was designed to identify the impacts of stressors experienced by animal caretakers within zoos, aquariums, and shelters. To analyze these impacts, I administered a survey to individuals within this population which assessed interactions with environmental, social, and financial stressors for animal caretakers in relation to engagement and burnout. In total, 112 animal caretakers participated in the study. Results supported that physical stressors were most commonly encountered within the workforce, but coworker conflict was the only stressor to have consistent significant effects on burnout and engagement. Specifically, more coworker conflict was associated with more burnout and less engagement. …

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Perceptions Of Injustice Among Intercollegiate Athletes: Effects Of Response Type On Individual Well-Being And Perceived Team Cohesion, Linsey Klein May 2020

Perceptions Of Injustice Among Intercollegiate Athletes: Effects Of Response Type On Individual Well-Being And Perceived Team Cohesion, Linsey Klein

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

When individuals perceive the relationship between what they put into an exchange relationship to be unequal to the outcomes they receive, they are said to be in a state of inequity. This perceived lack of fairness is often referred to as injustice and can have negative effects on the individual and team. Currently, there have been few theory-based approaches to exploring perceptions of injustice within an athletic context. In the present study, online surveys were completed by 78 student-athletes at regional universities to identify the specific types of injustice they perceived, the behavioral and cognitive responses to those perceptions, and …

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Regional Differences In Wild North American River Otter (Lontra Canadensis) Behavior And Communication, Sarah Walkley May 2020

Regional Differences In Wild North American River Otter (Lontra Canadensis) Behavior And Communication, Sarah Walkley

Dissertations

This study focuses on the vocalization repertoires of wild North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) in New York and California. Although they are the same species, these two established populations of river otters are separated by a significant distance and are distinct from one another. River otters are semi-aquatic social predators that can be found throughout North America. This is the first study to examine the vocalizations of wild river otters, and results are compared across field sites in the different regions. River otter vocalizations and behaviors in New York were recorded using Bushnell Aggressor trail cameras that …

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Agonistic Grooming In Multiple Lemur Species, Jennie L. Christopher May 2020

Agonistic Grooming In Multiple Lemur Species, Jennie L. Christopher

Dissertations

Social behaviors are represented in every animal species regardless of the level of sociability found in the species. At the very least, conspecifics must interact for the continuation of the species. Depending on species, social behavior could merely consist of mating and territorial disputes, it could consist of a multitude of social behaviors that provide a way of navigating a complex societal structure, or it could consist of any level of interaction between those extremes. However, the behaviors that make up these social repertoires are not universal across species. They could differ in either the form or function of the …

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