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Articles 1861 - 1890 of 4130
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Estimating Means And Distributions Of Count Data From Surveys Invoking Complex Sampling Designs: Application To Measuring Cross-Sectional And Lifetime Alcohol Intake From Nhanes And Nlsy, Elysia A. Garcia
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
It is often of interest to measure the distribution (i.e. mean and percentiles) of count outcomes from national survey data to assess population consumption and guide public health efforts for substances such as alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and other illicit or licit drugs. Currently available methods for estimating the distribution of dietary intakes do not immediately lend themselves to estimating the consumption of substances measured as counts, nor do they accommodate the complex design elements – strata, cluster, and weight – characteristic of national surveys. We introduce an accurate methodology, called the Survey Adjusted Count (SAC) method, and an associated SAS …
Understanding Factors That Impact Health Behaviors And Access To Healthcare Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness, Kathryn Rosales Gallardo
Understanding Factors That Impact Health Behaviors And Access To Healthcare Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness, Kathryn Rosales Gallardo
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) have a high risk of adverse health outcomes and their utilization of healthcare services is low. This dissertation aims to further understand factors that impact YEH’s health behaviors and access to healthcare services. This dissertation is in the form of three manuscripts that each contribute to the overall aim. In manuscript 1, we examined the rates and correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation and completion among a sample of YEH in seven U.S. cities using logistic regression models. We found that HPV vaccination completion is low among male (19%) and female (37%) YEH. Among male …
A Mixed- Methods Examination Of The Healthcare, Social Support, And Religious Needs Of Sexual And Gender Minority (Sgm) Older Adults In Texas, Jennifer Lynn Holcomb
A Mixed- Methods Examination Of The Healthcare, Social Support, And Religious Needs Of Sexual And Gender Minority (Sgm) Older Adults In Texas, Jennifer Lynn Holcomb
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Shared historical and social contexts influence a generational group’s needs, risk factors, and resiliency mechanisms. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) older adults have experienced structural exclusion and systematic discrimination throughout their lifetime. The minority stress model posits that SGM individuals experience stressors, like discrimination, unique to their social status which affect physical and mental health. SGM older adults experience worse physical and mental health outcomes than their heterosexual peers suggesting unique needs for SGM older adults. Research also points to resiliency mechanisms that offset the impact of stressors on SGM older adults. The examination of these needs and resiliency mechanisms …
Trends In Injection Drug Use In Texas Treatment Facility Admissions, Cara Dahlhausen
Trends In Injection Drug Use In Texas Treatment Facility Admissions, Cara Dahlhausen
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
This is a serial cross-sectional secondary analysis of drug treatment admissions records from the TEDS-A from years 2013-2017. The prevalence of injected drug use was calculated for each year and analyzed across the five-year period using a chi-square test to determine the presence of significant change in injection drug use from 2013 to 2017. Prevalence of injection drug use also will be calculated for each year by drug type (heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine), age, sex, ethnicity and race, and will be analyzed for trends using a chi-square test.
Consider Us: Analysis Of National Mammography Screening Recommendations On African American Women, Gayla M. Ferguson
Consider Us: Analysis Of National Mammography Screening Recommendations On African American Women, Gayla M. Ferguson
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related death in women in the United States with one in eight women expected to develop the disease in their lifetime. Unfortunately, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death among African American women. African American women are four times more likely to die from breast cancer that Caucasian women. Mammography screenings are the most effective method of reducing breast cancer mortality in African American women. This study aimed to determine if the changes made to the mammography screening recommendations put forth by the U.S. Preventive Services Task …
The Role Of Dna Methylation In White Matter Hyperintensity Burden: An Integrative Approach, Yunju Yang
The Role Of Dna Methylation In White Matter Hyperintensity Burden: An Integrative Approach, Yunju Yang
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI are an indicator of cerebral small vessel disease, a major risk factor for vascular dementia and stroke. DNA methylation may contribute to the molecular underpinnings of WMH, which are highly heritable. We performed a meta-analysis of 11 epigenome-wide association studies in 6,019 middle-aged to elderly subjects, who were free of dementia and stroke and were of African (AA) or European (EA) descent. In each study, association between WMH volume and each CpG was tested within ancestry using a linear mixed model, adjusted for age, sex, total intracranial volume, white blood cell count, technical …
Social Work Involvement In Hurricane Harvey Relief Efforts, Claire Crawford
Social Work Involvement In Hurricane Harvey Relief Efforts, Claire Crawford
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Hurricane Harvey brought 33 trillion gallons of rainfall to Texas and Louisiana and damaged more than 100,000 homes in August 2017. Social workers worked during and after the storm to provide services to those affected. The primary research question guiding this dissertation was: What were social workers’ experiences as they were involved in relief efforts during and immediately after Hurricane Harvey? The study group comprised 39 participants (35 female, 4 male); of these, 19 were masters-level social workers who volunteered at shelters in Houston following Hurricane Harvey, 14 were masters-level social workers who worked at a pediatric children’s hospital on …
Exploration Of Breastfeeding As A Protective Factor For Breast Cancer In South African Women: A Nested Case-Control Study, Booker S. Quiera
Exploration Of Breastfeeding As A Protective Factor For Breast Cancer In South African Women: A Nested Case-Control Study, Booker S. Quiera
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Background. South African’s (SA) breast cancer incidence rate is continually increasing (39 per 100,000 (2012) versus 46.2 per 100,000 (2018) with trends towards later-stage diagnosis. In previous literature, breastfeeding has been assessed as a protective factor for breast cancer; however, the SA population experiences inconsistent breastfeeding trends, rates, and support services. Therefore, this study will evaluate the inverse association between breast cancer and breastfeeding history. Methods. Cases (breast cancer) and controls (mastalgia) were matched 1:1 on clinical visit from May-August 2019 at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Breastfeeding history, breast carcinoma diagnosis, and clinically …
The Influence Of Sodium And Potassium On Blood Pressure Genetics In The Population Architecture Using Genomics And Epidemiology Study, Cynthia S. Bell
The Influence Of Sodium And Potassium On Blood Pressure Genetics In The Population Architecture Using Genomics And Epidemiology Study, Cynthia S. Bell
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Multiple polymorphisms have shown associations with blood pressure (BP) levels and hypertension status, but the overall genetic effect on BP has been small and accounts for only a small fraction of the variation in population-wide BP characteristics. These weak associations of BP with genotype may not be attributable to the examining the “wrong” single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) but may instead be the result of noisy BP phenotypes based on mmHg alone. Adding information from the underlying mechanisms of nutritional intake, reuptake, and excretion on BP may produce more informative BP phenotypes to study. To explore this complex relationship between diet, …
Estimating Children’S Health Risks From Recreational Beach Play Following An Oil Spill, Tanu K. Altomare
Estimating Children’S Health Risks From Recreational Beach Play Following An Oil Spill, Tanu K. Altomare
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Environmental contamination from marine oil spills can have damaging impacts on ecosystems and human health. In 2010, an explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil drilling platform resulted in approximately 1,728 km of shoreline oiling. Existing research characterizes health risk from exposure to oil spill chemicals (OSCs) for adults; however, data on impacts to child health are limited. One objective of the Beach Exposure And Child HEalth Study (BEACHES), funded by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, is to estimate health risks to children between walking and six years of age from exposure to OSCs in a post-oil spill scenario …
Measuring Cultural Humility Of Community Health Workers, Nayeema Ahmed
Measuring Cultural Humility Of Community Health Workers, Nayeema Ahmed
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
This study examined cultural humility of community health workers (CHWs) in ambulatory clinical settings. Cultural humility has been defined as an attitude, or process that incorporates openness, power-balance, and critical self-reflection when interacting with people of cultural differences. It differs from the more well-known concept of cultural competence in that cultural humility is not culture specific and reflects provider attitudes and an orientation towards recognizing differences rather than specific knowledge about another culture. As such, cultural humility may lend itself to improving the care process across diverse patient populations. The literature on cultural humility and its relationship with CHWs is …
The Association Between Assorted Hormonal Contraceptive Methods And Advanced-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review, Cheng Cheng
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Epithelial ovarian cancer, the most lethal of the gynecological cancers, is typically diagnosed at advanced stages. Women diagnosed with advance-staged (i.e., stage III and IV according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) epithelial ovarian cancer are more likely to have recurrent episodes within 18 months17. According to a 2012 2016 case analysis conducted by the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results, or SEER program, the incidence of ovarian cancer was 11.4 per 100,000 women in all races per year with the highest incidence in non-Hispanic whites, of 11.9 per 100,000 women and the lowest incidence in Asians / Pacific …
Depression, Anxiety, And Social Anxiety As Predictors Of Help – Seeking Behavior Among U.S. University Students, Priya B. Thomas
Depression, Anxiety, And Social Anxiety As Predictors Of Help – Seeking Behavior Among U.S. University Students, Priya B. Thomas
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Depression and anxiety are the top two mental health issues frequently cited by university students. Furthermore, the majority of students fail to seek professional help and may not find treatment useful. Many studies do not address the multiple factors that inhibit help seeking behaviors. This study aims to examine the associations between mental health issues and specific sociodemographic factors that may predict which students find seeking mental health treatment useful and are likely to seek help for their mental health issues over two semesters. Data from this study can be used to help develop strategies that help students maximize the …
Using S-Predixcan To Identify Associations Of Genetically Determined Gene Expression Levels With Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Andy Bryan A Castaneda
Using S-Predixcan To Identify Associations Of Genetically Determined Gene Expression Levels With Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Andy Bryan A Castaneda
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
The aim of the study was to identify associations between predicted gene expression levels using S-PrediXcan and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in order to elucidate the etiology of atherosclerosis. Further, we wanted to compare our results to those from a transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) that used actual gene expression levels in whole blood. For our analysis we used summary statistics from a GWAS of cIMT from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, tissue-specific gene expression profiles from the GTEx project, and S-PrediXcan prediction models. The TWAS of cIMT that we compared our …
Treatment Outcomes Associated With Implementation Of An Express Sti Testing Model In A Prep Clinic In Austin, Texas, Diane Chau
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
It is unknown whether express STI testing is as effective as comprehensive STI testing. The research aims of this study are: (1) to describe the patients who obtained a STI testing at the Kind Clinic between February 01, 2019 to January 31, 2020; (2) to determine the association between STI testing type and sociodemographic factors, clinically-relevant factors, and treatment outcomes; (3) to visualize time-to-treatment among STI type and testing types for comparison on a diagnosis-level and a patient-level. Electronic medical records were abstracted for 2,201 patients that received an STI test during February 01, 2019 and January 31, 2020 at …
Exploration Of Breastfeeding As A Protective Factor For Breast Cancer In South African Women: A Nested Case-Control Study, Quiera S. Booker
Exploration Of Breastfeeding As A Protective Factor For Breast Cancer In South African Women: A Nested Case-Control Study, Quiera S. Booker
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
South African’s (SA) breast cancer incidence rate is continually increasing (39 per 100,000 (2012) versus 46.2 per 100,000 (2018) with trends towards later-stage diagnosis. In previous literature, breastfeeding has been assessed as a protective factor for breast cancer; however, the SA population experiences inconsistent breastfeeding trends, rates, and support services. Therefore, this study will evaluate the inverse association between breast cancer and breastfeeding history. Methods. Cases (breast cancer) and controls (mastalgia) were matched 1:1 on clinical visit from May-August 2019 at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Breastfeeding history, breast carcinoma diagnosis, and clinically relevant …
Raft-Versus-Host Disease Occurrence Among Cord Blood Transplantation Recipients In Relation To Human Leukocyte Antigen Match Grade, Sarah Chowdhury
Raft-Versus-Host Disease Occurrence Among Cord Blood Transplantation Recipients In Relation To Human Leukocyte Antigen Match Grade, Sarah Chowdhury
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation has been consistently found to have low rates of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), high rates of engraftment, and faster turnaround times in terms of finding suitable donors. In addition, it serves as a viable option for individuals with no matched donor options especially due to its flexible human leukocyte antigen matching criteria. Despite its advantages, there has been an overall decrease in UCB transplantation. However, its advantages emphasize the need for further research and investment in resources such as cord blood banking especially since pediatric populations are most likely to benefit from continued research due to …
Statistical Evaluation Of An Extension Of Linear Discriminant Analysis In Multiclass Settings With An Application For Detection Of Cervical Neoplasia, Frances A. Brito
Statistical Evaluation Of An Extension Of Linear Discriminant Analysis In Multiclass Settings With An Application For Detection Of Cervical Neoplasia, Frances A. Brito
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Although a pathologists’ review of Papanicolaou smear cell samples has been successful in decreasing cervical cancer incidence, it is often costly and time-consuming. Quantitative cytology is a promising semi-automated method that measures cell features for further analysis or classification. There have been several advancements in classification algorithms, but many do not account for the nested data structure seen in quantitative cytology. Further, histologic diagnoses are separated into five or more classes, yet, multiclass classification has not been investigated. Here, we compare the predictive performance of macrolevel discriminant analysis (MDA) to traditional discriminant analysis methods in multi-class settings on cervical quantitative …
The Health And Wellness Characteristics Of Food And Beverage Service Industry Workers In Austin, Texas: A Participatory Cross-Sectional Survey, Alexandria Abbott
The Health And Wellness Characteristics Of Food And Beverage Service Industry Workers In Austin, Texas: A Participatory Cross-Sectional Survey, Alexandria Abbott
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Food and beverage service industry workers are prone to tobacco use, alcohol abuse, illicit drug use, and mental health conditions. These workers are also highly likely to not have health insurance. Despite the poor health outcomes that stem from these conditions, little to no empirical evidence currently exists to explain the factors that contribute to the poor health condition of the service industry workforce. This study used a cross-sectional online survey to gather preliminary information on the health and wellness condition of service industry workers over the age of 18 in Austin, Texas. Survey respondents revealed high rates of alcohol …
Follow Up Care, Cancer Treatment Summaries And Patient Centered Communication, Ashleigh Gil
Follow Up Care, Cancer Treatment Summaries And Patient Centered Communication, Ashleigh Gil
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
The adolescent and young adult (AYA) age group is the cohort of individuals who have been diagnosed with and/or are survivors of cancer. It is recommended they receive lifelong follow up care to prevent or mitigate late health effects associated with cancer and treatment. However, AYAs are caught between the pediatric and adult healthcare systems and they may not be able to fully advocate for their healthcare needs. Some factors that may be associated with AYAs survivorship care are treatment summaries and where they receive follow up care. This study aimed to identify if receipt of a treatment summary and …
Differential Patterns Of Theta Activation Underlying Various Cognitive Control Strategies, Jarrod Eisma
Differential Patterns Of Theta Activation Underlying Various Cognitive Control Strategies, Jarrod Eisma
Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
In this study, EEG was recorded from 157 participants at the University of Arkansas as they performed three computer tasks that tested inhibitory control (Go/Nogo Task), proactive and reactive control (AX-Continuous Performance Task), and resolving response conflict (Global/Local Task- modified Flanker Task). Time-frequency analysis (ERSP) was the primary focus of this study, in order to take advantage of the temporal and frequential characteristics of EEG recordings. The ERSPs and following statistical analysis showed significantly higher midfrontal theta band (4-8 Hz) power values for target trials (those that required more cognitive control) than control trials, which indicated that the procedure was …
World Assumptions And Growth From Adversity In Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Karina L. Peters
World Assumptions And Growth From Adversity In Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Karina L. Peters
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
Research on trauma and adversity has become increasingly focused on factors associated with posttraumatic growth (PTG). One of the factors identified in research that is associated with PTG is world assumptions, implicit assumptions about the world that facilitate a sense of security. One theory is that trauma and adversity prompt a shift in world assumptions, which in turn influences the development of PTG. While this research body has included various populations (military veterans, cancer survivors, bereaved parents, natural disaster survivors), there has been little research on the relationship between world assumptions and PTG for parents of children with Autism Spectrum …
Examining Racial Bias Within The Items Of The Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool – Criminal Adjudication, Isolde Hughes
Examining Racial Bias Within The Items Of The Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool – Criminal Adjudication, Isolde Hughes
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
The United States is the world’s leader when it comes to incarceration rates, and racial disparities are significant within this system (World Prison Brief, 2020). The most significant factor proposed as influencing this disparity is the ongoing racial bias within and outside of the legal system. Throughout the legal process, there are several instances where the defendant’s race may come into play when it comes to competency to stand trial evaluations. The first instance is during the referral process, and the second instance is during the competency evaluation itself. Several instruments have been developed to capture an individual’s understanding of …
Evaluating Changes In Peak And Iq Scores In Children With Autism Following A Peak Treatment Program, Megan Nicole Kimzey
Evaluating Changes In Peak And Iq Scores In Children With Autism Following A Peak Treatment Program, Megan Nicole Kimzey
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The present study evaluated the relationship between scores on the Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Pre-Assessments (Equivalence & Transformation Modules; PEAK) in one individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their corresponding performance on standardized IQ tests (WPPSI-IV Short Form), their performances on PEAK assessments following 10 weeks of treatment with four hours per week, and the corresponding obtained relational deceleration coefficient. The data indicated a strong, significant relationship between participation in PEAK treatment and an increase in scores on PEAK and IQ tests. The relational deceleration coefficient score did not change significantly. These results have the implications PEAK …
Parents' Experiences Of Camp For Siblings Of Pediatric Oncology Patients, Kristen Lauren Krueger
Parents' Experiences Of Camp For Siblings Of Pediatric Oncology Patients, Kristen Lauren Krueger
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer is oftentimes a stressful experience for individuals other than the patient, such as parents and siblings of pediatric oncology patients. Parents and siblings may be impacted in many ways, but there are interventions to help. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand parents’ lived experiences of having a child who has attended a camp designed for siblings of pediatric oncology patients. Parents (n=5) of siblings that have attended camp for siblings were interviewed with open-ended questions. Data was analyzed using phenomenology procedures. Results from this study indicated that mothers and fathers …
Development And Validation Of Implicit Measures Of Organizational Climate, Kailey Ann Meyer
Development And Validation Of Implicit Measures Of Organizational Climate, Kailey Ann Meyer
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Organizational climate is the shared perceptions that employees hold about their experiences in the workplace. The current research on organizational climate relies upon explicit (self-report) measures, which can be contaminated by impression management and inaccurate self-knowledge artifacts. This research used Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedures to develop implicit measures of selected aspects of organizational climate. The study examined the relationships of the implicit organizational climate measures with theoretically related explicit measures according to a multitrait-multimethod design. A series of confirmatory factor analyses of latent trait models were used to assess convergent and discriminant validity evidence. While results provided some construct …
A Needs Assessment For The Utilization Of Child Life Specialist Bereavement Support Services In An Emergency Veterinary Hospital Setting, Jared R. Negin-Fryers
A Needs Assessment For The Utilization Of Child Life Specialist Bereavement Support Services In An Emergency Veterinary Hospital Setting, Jared R. Negin-Fryers
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Studies indicate that there is an affective attachment bond, and related emotional involvement that exists between the companion animal and their human owners. Patient companion-animal death within the veterinary hospital, is a daily occurrence, with death rates per patient being significantly higher than in human health care. This comparatively higher death rate is due to the commonplace utilization of professionally sanctioned euthanasia to relieve animal pain and suffering. Companion animal death, may elicit grief reactions that are identical to what is experienced upon the death of a family member. A void currently exists in family centered veterinary care in terms …
A Pilot Investigation Of The Relationship Between Derived Relational Responding And Challenging Behavior Function, Kaitlin N. Beason
A Pilot Investigation Of The Relationship Between Derived Relational Responding And Challenging Behavior Function, Kaitlin N. Beason
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The study evaluated the relationship between participants derived relational responding across arbitrary stimuli and parent or teacher endorsed functions of challenging behavior as assessed on the Questions About Behavior Function (QABF). Supplemental analyses were conducted to directly observe the frequency and intensity of challenging behavior using the Challenging Behavior Index (CBI), as week as direct observation of presenting autism symptoms in session using the PEAK Autism Symptoms and Behavioral Observation Summary (PAS-BOS). Derived relational responding was assessed using the Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Equivalence Pre-Assessment (PEAK-E-PA) and the Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Transformation Pre-Assessment (PEAK-T-PA) taking …
Trying To Save The Game(R): Understanding The Meaning-Making Process Of Youtube Subscribers Surrounding Mental Health And Video Game Vlogging, Maria Mickles
Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects
Through technological innovation and the rise of digital media platforms, many young adults are afforded the opportunity to spend their lives on the Internet. Not only is a large amount of time spent on the Internet by most people, but young adults are making media sharing-platforms, specifically YouTube, part of their daily lives (Westenberg, 2016, p. 8). YouTube allows content creators to produce videos that not only attract audiences of different ages and geographic location, but, too, create an intimate bond between creator and subscriber, allowing each party to communicate and engage in content related activities through the comments section …
Examining The Relationships Between College And High School Relational And Physical Victimization And Its Effects On Self-Esteem, Tylore Gross, Juan F. Casas
Examining The Relationships Between College And High School Relational And Physical Victimization And Its Effects On Self-Esteem, Tylore Gross, Juan F. Casas
Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the relationship between high school and college peer relational and physical victimization and its effects on self-esteem, as well parallel associations between relational victimization in romantic relationships and its effects on self-esteem. Participants were recruited at a Midwest University to participate in an online study through the Psychology Department wherein they completed a series of questionnaires. A total of 317 college students participated in this study, including 245 females (77%) and 72 males (23%). Participants received extra credit in their psychology class for participating. Self-reports of self-esteem were measured using the …