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Articles 1681 - 1710 of 4055
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Dark Triad Unleashed : Examining Trait-Activating Effects On Counterproductive Work Behavior, Danielle Tarantino
Dark Triad Unleashed : Examining Trait-Activating Effects On Counterproductive Work Behavior, Danielle Tarantino
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Meta-analytic research has revealed widely varying but generally weak associations linking the Dark Triad traits – narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy – to counterproductive work behaviors. Several moderators of this relationship have been investigated, but there is currently no framework that exists to categorize and organize these moderators. Drawing on trait activation theory, an organizing framework of moderators is offered to explain the variation in findings on the Dark Triad (DT) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). This 4R framework organizes moderators as relevant, restraining, regulatory and resourceful. Moderated multiple regression was conducted for each moderator in each category in order to …
Relations Between Subclinical Narcissism, Effortful Control, And Well-Being In Emerging Adulthood, Beth M. Rachlin
Relations Between Subclinical Narcissism, Effortful Control, And Well-Being In Emerging Adulthood, Beth M. Rachlin
Honors Theses
The present study evaluates relations between subclinical grandiose narcissism, facets of effortful control, and hedonic well-being in a sample of emerging adults. The goal of this study was threefold. First, to assess the relation between subclinical grandiose narcissism and hedonic well-being. Correlational analyses provided support for increased grandiose narcissistic tendencies being associated with increased hedonic well-being. Second, the study sought to examine the relation between effortful control and hedonic well-being. Regression analyses revealed a lack of support for this relationship; however, this could be due to lurking variables such as self-esteem. Last, the study aimed to explore whether there is …
The Need To Believe: Belief In Science & Religious Belief Examined As More General Components Of Positive Psychological Functioning, Jordan Madrigal
The Need To Believe: Belief In Science & Religious Belief Examined As More General Components Of Positive Psychological Functioning, Jordan Madrigal
Honors Theses
Furthered by the spectacular innovations of technological advancement over the recent centuries, empirical science has yielded a depth of knowledge about the universe that early naturalistic philosophers could not imagine. Present-day scientists seem to have a much stronger motivation to espouse naturalistic worldviews than do early philosophers – the explanatory power of science appears to render null the need for explanations via numinous religious beliefs. Why do so many people maintain religious beliefs, then? A large body of literature suggests that religious belief is strongly associated with positive psychological functioning. However, other research suggests that religious belief is sometimes associated …
Electrophysiological Correlates Of Visual Object Category Formation In A Prototype-Distortion Task, Stephanie Marie Long
Electrophysiological Correlates Of Visual Object Category Formation In A Prototype-Distortion Task, Stephanie Marie Long
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In perceptual learning studies, participants engage in extensive training in the discrimination of visual stimuli in order to modulate perceptual performance. Much of the literature in perceptual learning has looked at the induction of the reorganization of low-level representations in V1. However, much remains to be understood about the mechanisms behind how the adult brain (an expert in visual object categorization) extracts high-level visual objects from the environment and categorically represents them in the cortical visual hierarchy. Here, I used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in object representation formation during a hybrid visual search and prototype …
Reducing The Risk: Psychological And Technological Approaches For Improving Handwashing Practices In The Foodservice Industry, Jeffrey Allan Clark
Reducing The Risk: Psychological And Technological Approaches For Improving Handwashing Practices In The Foodservice Industry, Jeffrey Allan Clark
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As Americans are spending greater portions of their dollar on food consumed outside the home, the foodservice industry plays more of an integral part of daily existence compared to previous generations. Given the numerous annual foodborne illness outbreaks that threaten human lives while undermining confidence in the food supply, food safety is a pertinent issue for industry stakeholders, government regulators, and consumers. Food worker handwashing reduces the risk of foodborne illness transmission, yet compliance with this simple behavior is a complex problem. This dissertation addresses, predominantly, the issue of sub-optimal handwashing practices through applying psychology and technology, including wearable computers …
Familiarization Through Ambient Images Alone, Nia Imani Gipson
Familiarization Through Ambient Images Alone, Nia Imani Gipson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The term “ambient images” has begun to show up in much of the current literature on facial recognition. Ambient images refer to naturally occurring views of a face that captures the idiosyncratic ways in which a target face may vary (Ritchie & Burton, 2017). Much of the literature on ambient images have concluded that exposing people to ambient images of a target face can lead to improved facial recognition for that target face. Some studies have even suggested that familiarity is the result of increased exposure to ambient images of a target face (Burton, Kramer, Ritchie, & Jenkins, 2016). The …
Effects Of Genre Tag Complexity On Popular Music Perception And Enjoyment, Lauren Shepherd
Effects Of Genre Tag Complexity On Popular Music Perception And Enjoyment, Lauren Shepherd
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The popular online streaming platform Spotify added over 1400 genre tags in the last two years. Despite that numerous artists and composition competitions claim to seek projects that “transcend the traditional notion of genre,” the industry has only added more complex and mystifying genre labels. This dichotomy between artists and industry ignores the effects these labels have on consumers. Do more complex genre tags enhance the listening experience for the average consumer by providing additional information about what they are about to hear? The current research seeks to examine the effects of the granularity of genre tags on popular music …
Effects Of Talker Variability On Categorization Of Spectrally Degraded Vowels., Emily A. Dickey
Effects Of Talker Variability On Categorization Of Spectrally Degraded Vowels., Emily A. Dickey
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
When a person listens to a context sentence with prominent higher frequencies, the subsequent vowel sound is more likely to be perceived as being of a lower frequency and vice versa. This is a spectral contrast effect (SCE). Recent work has shown that talker variability diminishes these SCEs. They were found to be smaller when 200 sentences were spoken by a different talker each time compared to one talker (Assgari & Stilp, 2015). Cochlear Implant (CI) users’ speech categorization is also influenced by SCEs but are known to struggle with talker discrimination. Here, I tested whether talker variability affected SCEs …
The Role Of Antecedent-Focused Emotion Regulatory Strategies On Emotionally Dysregulated Behavior Above And Beyond The Influence Of Adhd., Skyler C. Vanmeter
The Role Of Antecedent-Focused Emotion Regulatory Strategies On Emotionally Dysregulated Behavior Above And Beyond The Influence Of Adhd., Skyler C. Vanmeter
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
Emotion dysregulation in children may contribute to poor interpersonal relationships and a variety of internalizing and externalizing psychopathological outcomes in children both with and without ADHD. This study serves to provide an examination of how emotional self-awareness and situationally appropriate emotional expression may affect an individual's ability to broadly regulate emotion and additionally provides an exploratory investigation of how these attributes may affect specific emotion regulation. The present study found that emotional self-awareness and emotion recognition may both contribute to emotion regulation through shared variance with each other rather than unique variance of either one. Exploratory analyses of regulation of …
Racial Microaggressions Cohort Differences., Shayla R. Thompson
Racial Microaggressions Cohort Differences., Shayla R. Thompson
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
This study examines the relationship between racial microaggressions and psychological distress and anger rumination among younger and older cohorts who belong to a racial or ethnic group other than White or European-American. The purpose of this study was to compare these relationships between older and younger cohorts. The hypotheses were that age will moderate the relationship between racial microaggressions and psychological distress and that age will moderate the relationship between racial microaggressions and anger rumination. A survey method was used to test the two hypotheses. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and were compensated $1 for their participation. The …
The Examination Of A Mobile Application For The Reduction Of Posttraumatic Stress Related Symptoms In Emergency Dispatchers, Emy Willis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emergency dispatchers report that their jobs are stressful, yet there are few controlled investigations examining their specific psychological complaints. Additionally, research examining the use of interventions directed at alleviating their work-related stress is limited. This study aims to examine the efficacy and feasibility of a mobile application (PTSD Coach) on various indicators of psychosocial well-being among emergency telecommunicator dispatchers. A sample of 117 emergency dispatchers completed self-report psychological mood assessments at baseline, weekly for five weeks during PTSD Coach use and post-treatment. Participant report of psychological symptoms showed statistically significant decreases in mood severity over the period of one month.
Stepping Outside Of Yourself: Social Anxiety, Dissociation, Alcohol Consequences, And Relationship Satisfaction, Matthew Cook
Stepping Outside Of Yourself: Social Anxiety, Dissociation, Alcohol Consequences, And Relationship Satisfaction, Matthew Cook
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
OVERVIEW: Social anxiety disorder is the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the United States. Dissociation can arise during acute daily social stressors in individuals with social anxiety. This study examined the relationship between social anxiety and functional outcomes (i.e., alcohol-related consequences and relationship satisfaction) as moderated by levels of dissociation (i.e., depersonalization/derealization). It was hypothesized that dissociation would moderate the relationships between social anxiety and alcohol-related consequences and between social anxiety and relationship satisfaction. METHOD: College students who endorsed alcohol use within the past 30 days (n = 320) and college students who reported having been in a romantic …
Threatening Instructions During A Hurricane Influence Risk Perceptions: The Case Of Fear Appeals And Changing Hurricane Projections, Daphne Whitmer
Threatening Instructions During A Hurricane Influence Risk Perceptions: The Case Of Fear Appeals And Changing Hurricane Projections, Daphne Whitmer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research was to examine the effectiveness of persuasive language in the protective action recommendation of an emergency warning, which instructs people how to prepare and stay safe. Study 1 was a pilot study, which suggested that participants were able to make distinctions between hurricane categories. In study 2, the presence of fear language and second-person personal pronouns (i.e., "you") in a recommendation was manipulated. Overall, fear language was more influential than a pronoun on risk perceptions. To understand how context influences risk perceptions, participants in study 3 made decisions after each piece of information received. The …
Exploring Associations Between Student Academic Achievement, Worry, Personality, And Parental Warmth And Control, Katherine G. Kaufling
Exploring Associations Between Student Academic Achievement, Worry, Personality, And Parental Warmth And Control, Katherine G. Kaufling
Undergraduate Theses
This correlational study evaluates the relationships between academic achievement, worry, personality, and parental warmth and control. Results add to the existing literature surrounding what behaviors parents may or may not practice when raising their children and what connections these behaviors may have to their children succeeding academically and/or experiencing worrisome thoughts when they’re college-aged. Additionally, the role of student personality in parenting behaviors, academic achievement, and worry is evaluated. Multiple correlational hypotheses are offered and evaluated along with a moderation model (personality and worry as moderators of the relationship between parenting and academic achievement). 273 college students completed an online …
How Diet Choices And Weight Change Person Perception, Nicole Tibbits
How Diet Choices And Weight Change Person Perception, Nicole Tibbits
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Previous studies have explored the negative perceptions of overweight targets along with the specific physical and psychological characteristics commonly used to describe them. The current study extends this literature by experimentally investigating the effect that both weight and diet choices have on the characteristics attributed to an individual. Participants were exposed to one of four scenarios that involved exposure to an image (overweight or average) and a short description of the target with the diet manipulation (healthy or unhealthy) embedded. As expected, overweight targets with unhealthy diets were rated lowest on perceptions of physical health and independent of weight, targets …
Sarcasm Understanding Across The Lifespan, Kristen Barnett
Sarcasm Understanding Across The Lifespan, Kristen Barnett
Honors Theses
Research has identified a developmental progression of sarcasm understanding, stating that children get better at understanding sarcasm as they get older, though adults are still not perfect at reliably detecting sarcasm. This may be related to the cues present (e.g., story context, verbal cues, and facial expressions). Research has primarily focused on verbal cues, specifically exaggerated or “dripping” intonation, in child and adult populations. The literature is lacking in the realm of facial expressions and child populations. This study aimed to add to the literature concerning facial expressions as well as to evaluate sarcasm understanding with more than one cue …
The Effects Of Pitch And Speaking Rate On Foreign Accented Speech Perception., Rebecca F. Davis
The Effects Of Pitch And Speaking Rate On Foreign Accented Speech Perception., Rebecca F. Davis
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
Perception of foreign accent is typically studied using an accentedness rating task. For example, native English listeners rate the degree of accentedness in sentences produced by non-native English speakers. However, in past studies, it has been unclear what criteria participants used to judge accentedness. Here, native English speakers rated the accentedness of Korean-accented English sentences on a scale from 1 (strong accent) to 9 (little to no accent). Participants rated sentences that were unmodified or had one acoustic property removed. In one block, pitch contours of sentences were flattened and set to their mean values. In another block, speaking rates …
Say Sorry Or Stay Quiet: The Effect Of Leader Recovery Strategies On Followers, Pratibha Deepak
Say Sorry Or Stay Quiet: The Effect Of Leader Recovery Strategies On Followers, Pratibha Deepak
Psychology Theses - Archive
Recently, there has been a rise in reports of ethical transgressions in the workplace. Examples such as Enron and Wells Fargo highlight this trend. The current literature on workplace transgressions such as these has primarily focused on why the transgression occurred. Although this work is informative as to why leaders may transgress, it speaks little to how leaders may recover from such transgressions. Indeed, there remains little research focused on the recovery mechanisms leaders may employ after a transgression and the effect of such recovery mechanisms on follower attitudes and behavior. To address this gap, an experimental approach will be …
Ethical Climate And Corporate Social Responsibility, Jelisa Jones
Ethical Climate And Corporate Social Responsibility, Jelisa Jones
Psychology Theses - Archive
Current empirical research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) focuses on the organizational level, but researchers have called for increased attention in exploring the individual level, or micro-CSR. The objective of this study was to identify how ethical climate, employee engagement, attitudes toward CSR, and several individual differences may play a key role in micro-CSR performance. The hypotheses proposed that ethical climate would influence micro-CSR performance, such that the instrumental ethical climate would have lower levels of micro-CSR performance than the rules, law and code, caring, and moral independence ethical climates. Furthermore, it was expected that attitudes towards CSR and employee …
Comparative Analysis Of Early And Late Tracheostomy Among Patients With Acute Heart Failure Exacerbation, Trends, Clinical And Economic Outcome Assessment, From 2005 To 2014 Nationwide, Min Ji Kwak
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of high morbidity and mortality. Acute exacerbation of heart failure may result in acute respiratory failure, which requires mechanical ventilator support. Despite supportive management, patients can fail extubation of the endotracheal tube and need a tracheostomy to continue mechanical ventilator support. However, optimal timing of tracheostomy has been controversial. Systemic study to assess the clinical and economic outcome of early tracheostomy among patients with acute heart failure exacerbation is lacking. The purpose of the study was to assess the national trend of tracheostomy among those who are admitted for acute respiratory failure …
Concurrent And Concordant Oral And Genital High Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections In The United States Population; Results From National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes), James M. Custer
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted disease which infects various sites in the body including the genitals, oral cavity, and anal regions. Very little research has assessed the prevalence of concurrent and concordant high risk (HR) HPV oral and genital infections in the general United States population despite the fact that HR HPV oral pharyngeal cancers are on the rise in the US, particularly in men. To further our understanding of HR HPV concurrent and concordant infections we aim to estimate the prevalence of HR HPV concurrent and concordant infections in the U.S. population, and for men and …
Assessing The Impact Of Environmental Factors On Sedentary Behavior, Brandy Baker
Assessing The Impact Of Environmental Factors On Sedentary Behavior, Brandy Baker
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Objectives Mexican Americans are burdened with many of the same noncommunicable diseases present in sedentary populations. Those living on the Texas/Mexico border have higher rates of obesity and diabetes than others in the nation. Sedentary behavior and perceptions of the environment have not been well studied among Mexican Americans, especially when examining education, gender and age. Study Design Sample was drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) where participants were randomly selected and completed a survey to report sedentary behavior and perceptions of the environment among other examinations. The participants’ initial visit with the CCHC was included in the …
Predictors Of Non-Adherence To Primary Care Follow-Up After Diagnosis Of Asymptomatic Hypertension In The Emergency Department, Stephanie Cornell
Predictors Of Non-Adherence To Primary Care Follow-Up After Diagnosis Of Asymptomatic Hypertension In The Emergency Department, Stephanie Cornell
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Background: One strategy to decrease uncontrolled hypertension is to increase follow-up with primary care after diagnosis of asymptomatic hypertension in the Emergency Department (ED). To improve such interventions, this study identified risk factors of nonadherence among individuals 18-60 years old with a diagnosis of asymptomatic hypertension in the ED and access to care. Methods: Data was obtained from the IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Database between January 2012 and September 2015. Rates of non-adherence to follow-up was determined for individuals discharged from the ED with a primary diagnosis of essential hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. Demographic …
Understanding The Similarity And Diveristy Of The Accessory Gene Regulator Quorum Sensing Systems In The Genus Clostridium, Rotem Magal
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
The Accessory Gene Regulator (Agr) quorum sensing system is a cell-cell communication system that is involved in regulating various bacterial processes such as toxin production, antibiotic production, biofilm formation, and other biomolecules. Despite the importance of the Agr system to Clostridia, the similarity and diversity of the system have been overshadowed by phylum-wide investigations of individual Agr components. To determine the variability of the Agr system within and between Clostridium species, we compared the sequences of its components within and between species using bioinformatics and phylogenetic tools. Putative Agr operons were found in over 50 Clostridia species, including undescribed components …
Estimating The Usual Intake From Fruits And Vegetables Consumed By Children At Baseline In Tx Sprouts, Taryn Alkis
Estimating The Usual Intake From Fruits And Vegetables Consumed By Children At Baseline In Tx Sprouts, Taryn Alkis
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Background: Past studies developed two- and three-part models to estimate the usual intake of episodically consumed foods in adults but not in children. The goal of this study is to evaluate if the three-part method is successful, by incorporating the dietary screener and two 24-hour recalls, in estimating the usual intake of fruits and vegetables consumed by boys and girls at baseline in TX Sprouts. Methods: Secondary data analysis of two 24-hour recalls and a dietary screener from TX Sprouts. Two approaches were used. First, the three-part model estimated the distribution of the usual intake of fruits and vegetables in …
Assessment Of The Common Dental Needs And Evaluation Of Rate Of Attendance Post Emergency Dental Management Among The Homeless Population In Houston, Texas, Heera Govindarajan Venguidesvarane
Assessment Of The Common Dental Needs And Evaluation Of Rate Of Attendance Post Emergency Dental Management Among The Homeless Population In Houston, Texas, Heera Govindarajan Venguidesvarane
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Background: Dental care resources for the homeless population are scarce, underfunded and generally inadequate to meet their oral health needs. While poor oral health is clearly an added burden for people who struggle daily to survive under miserable living conditions, little is known about their views on dental health, their perceived needs and their attitudes towards dental care. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common oral health needs of homeless patients and to identify their participation in receiving comprehensive care. Methods: The study was a cross sectional analysis where data were collected retrospectively using the records …
Predictors Of On-Treatment Mortality Of Patients Undergoing Palliative Radiation Therapy: Improving The Quality Of End-Of-Life Cancer Care, Matthew Stephen Ning
Predictors Of On-Treatment Mortality Of Patients Undergoing Palliative Radiation Therapy: Improving The Quality Of End-Of-Life Cancer Care, Matthew Stephen Ning
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
PURPOSE: Excessive medical treatment at end-of-life is an indicator of poor quality care. While radiation therapy (RT) is effective for palliation, some patients die shortly after or even during treatment. Any treatment that requires terminal patients to spend significant time in the hospital setting contradicts palliative goals. This study investigates patterns of end-of-life RT to inform quality improvement initiatives. METHODS: All patients who died within 6 months of starting RT at a single large academic cancer center between 2015 through 2018 were identified through our institutional databases on an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol. Clinical factors including age, treatment service, number …
Validation Of The Conflict In Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (Cadri) In Young Adolescents: An Analysis Of Construct Validity And Measurement Invariance, Stephanie J. Stroever
Validation Of The Conflict In Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (Cadri) In Young Adolescents: An Analysis Of Construct Validity And Measurement Invariance, Stephanie J. Stroever
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Adolescent dating violence, defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as “physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional aggression within a dating relationship, including stalking,” among adolescents in intimate relationships is a serious public health concern (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Per the 2017 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS) survey of high school students in the United States, 10.7 percent of females and 2.8 percent of males that reported a romantic relationship in the prior 12 months experienced sexual dating violence (Kann et al., 2018). Additionally, 9.1 percent of females and 6.5 percent of males reported physical …
The Prevalence Of Birth Defects Among Non-Hispanic Asians And American Indians/Alaska Natives In Texas, 1999-2015, Van Le
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Background: Birth defects are disproportionately higher among certain race/ethnic groups. We examined how birth defects prevalence differs among the less studied non-Hispanic (NH) Asian and any American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations, relative to NH Whites. Methods: Data were obtained from the Texas Birth Defect Registry from 1999 to 2015 for infants born to Texas-resident mothers who were NH White, NH Asian, or AI/AN. This covers a livebirth population of 2.6 million. Prevalence ratios were calculated for NH Asians and AI/ANs (relative to NH Whites) for 44 birth defects using Poisson regression and were adjusted for maternal age. Results: After adjustment, …
Protective Or Destructive? Investigating The Relationship Between Gentrification And Childhood Health Outcomes, Mike Henson Garcia
Protective Or Destructive? Investigating The Relationship Between Gentrification And Childhood Health Outcomes, Mike Henson Garcia
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Gentrification is a wildly contentious, highly politicalized issue that some scholars view as beneficial and others view as harmful. Historically, public health researchers have studied several neighborhood effects on health but only recently has this research field evolved to include studies specifically looking at the health ramifications associated with this neighborhood-change process. This secondary analysis is one of the first studies to examine the effect neighborhood-level gentrification has on mental health status in a childhood and adolescent sample. Results find that no main effect exists between gentrification and mental health problems directly. However, a statistically significant interaction-- between gentrification and …